Green Transportation Logistics: The Quest for Win-Win Solutions

577 Pages·2016·11.411 MB·English

by  Harilaos N. Psaraftis (eds.)

International Series in
Operations Research & Management Science
Editor
Harilaos N. Psaraftis
Green
Transportation
Logistics
The Quest for Win-Win Solutions
International Series in Operations Research
& Management Science
Volume 226
Series Editor
Camille C. Price
Stephen F. Austin State University, TX, USA
Associate Series Editor
Joe Zhu
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA, USA
Founding Series Editor
Frederick S. Hillier
Stanford University, CA, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6161

Harilaos N. Psaraftis
Editor
Green Transportation
Logistics
The Quest for Win-Win Solutions
Editor
HarilaosN.Psaraftis
DepartmentofTransport
TechnicalUniversityofDenmark
Kgs.Lyngby,Denmark
ISSN0884-8289 ISSN2214-7934 (electronic)
InternationalSeriesinOperationsResearch&ManagementScience
ISBN978-3-319-17174-6 ISBN978-3-319-17175-3 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-17175-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015942145
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Foreword and Acknowledgments
This book is a compilation of material on green transportation logistics. The
materialcomesfromvarioussources,mostlyfromprojectsthatmyassociatesand
Ihavebeeninvolvedin,butalsofromworkofseveralexternalinvitedcolleagues.
AnoutlineofthescopeandcontentsofthebookispresentedinthePreface.
The trigger for writing the book came from EU project SuperGreen on green
corridors(2010–2013),and,infact,severalchaptersofthisbookarebasedonthe
resultsofthisproject.Sometimebeforetheendofthisproject,andwhenIwasstill
at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), it occurred to me that
material developed in the course of the project might form the basis for a book.
However,thedecisiontogoonwiththebook,aswellasthespecificsofthebook,
didnotcomeuntilaftertheSuperGreenprojectwascompletedandIhadmovedto
theTechnicalUniversityofDenmark(DTU).
ThestoryoftheSuperGreenprojectisanexcitingone.Theprojectspannedthe
period January 2010–January 2013, but its origins can be traced back to October
2007, when Atle Minsaas of Marintek (Trondheim, Norway), a colleague I had
collaboratedwithsincethemid-1990sinthecontextofseveralEUprojects,visited
meatNTUA.AtleaskedmeifIwasinterestedinaspecificcallforproposalsunder
EU’s 7th Framework Programme for R&D, which addressed the issue of green
corridors.GreencorridorswereoneoftheconceptsintroducedwithintheEuropean
Commission’s “Freight Logistics Action Plan” of 2007. In that plan, a number of
short- to medium-term actions were presented that would help Europe address its
current and future challenges and ensure a competitive and sustainable freight
transportationsystem.Oneamongtheseactionswastheso-calledGreentransport
corridorsforfreight.Thesewerecharacterizedbyaconcentrationoffreighttraffic
betweenmajorhubsandbyrelatively longdistancesoftransport. Green corridors
wouldinallwaysbeenvironmentallyfriendly,safe,andefficient.
IrespondedpositivelytoAtle’squestion,andinDecemberof2007wedecided
thatMarintekwouldtaketheleadincoordinatingtheproposalandthatAtlewould
serveasProjectManager.AgroupofpartnersacrossEuropewereassembled,and
inMay2008wesubmittedaproposaltotheEuropeanCommissionontheso-called
v
vi ForewordandAcknowledgments
SuperGreen project, tasked to investigate this topic. This was a “coordinated
action”comprisingallstakeholdersinvolvedinthegreencorridors,andproposing
toanalyze and suggest,amongotherthings, how thegreencorridorscan be made
even greener by green technologies and smarter utilization of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT). I was involved in the proposal as the main
contactpersonforpartnerNo.2,NTUA,whichwasrepresentedbytheLaboratory
forMaritimeTransport,ofwhichIwastheDirector.
Eventhoughwereceivedtheproposal’sevaluationreportfromtheCommission
asearlyasJuly2008,wewerenotinvitedforcontractnegotiationsuntilApril2009,
as the Commission had to rank-order all proposals and then choose which among
themcouldproceed.Thesenegotiationswereconcludedinthefallof2009andthe
projectsetouttostartinmid-January2010.TheSuperGreenconsortiumconsisted
of 22 partners from 13 countries in Europe and its official title was “Supporting
EU’s Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan on Green Corridors Issues” (Grant
AgreementNo.TREN/FP7TR/233573/“SUPERGREEN”).
ItwasduringthesenegotiationsthataswitchbetweenpartnersNo.1and2took
place.TheswitchassignedtoNTUAtheroleofProjectCoordinator,andtomethe
role of Project Manager. This was due to Atle’s assignment to manage the devel-
opment of the new research infrastructure, the Ocean Space Centre, a 10+ year
project in Norway dealing with maritime and ocean science and technology. Atle
felthecouldnotundertakebothmanagerialjobsandaskedmeifIcouldtakeover
his role in SuperGreen. I accepted such role with simultaneous excitement and
apprehension, as I knew that managing multi-partner EU projects could be
nontrivial (at that point in time I had managed two such projects, but these were
muchsmaller,bothinscopeandnumberofpartners).Atleremainedconnectedwith
the project in its entirety and Iam glad that he accepted to co-authorwithme the
finalchapterofthisbook.
Complementary toSuperGreen, Ialsohadseveral otherprojectsatNTUA that
wererelatedtotheinterfacebetweentransportationlogisticsandemissions.Allof
theseprojectsweremaritimerelated.Theywerethefollowing:
• “Ship Air Emissions Study,” study funded by Hellenic Chamber of Shipping
(January–June2008).
• “Effective Bulk Transport,” gift agreement funded by Det Norske Veritas
(January2008–December2010).
• “Assessment of Environmental Impact in Marine Transportation and Related
Activities,” project funded by the American Bureau of Shipping (June 2008–
May2011).
• “Centre of Excellence in Ship Total Energy-Emissions-Economy,” project
fundedbyTheLloydsRegisterFoundation(February2010–December2015).
• “Envi-Shipping:GreenAssessmentofaShip’sLifecycle,”multi-partnerproject
funded by the General Secretariat of Research and Technology, Greece (May
2011–November2014).
Thefinancialsupportofalloftheabovefundingsources,includingtheEuropean
Commission, is gratefully acknowledged. As with SuperGreen, some of the work
ForewordandAcknowledgments vii
conductedundertheseprojectseventuallyfounditswayintothisbook,asmuchas
it was also published in journals and presented in conferences. The same was the
casewithmyengagementwiththeInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO),as
an advisor of the Hellenic Chamber of Shipping. In the period between 2007 and
2013,Iparticipatedinseveral meetingsofIMO’sMarineEnvironmentProtection
Committee (MEPC) and in several expert groups on matters pertaining to Green
House Gases (GHGs). I thought that some of this work was also relevant for
thebook.
Workinthe3yearsofSuperGreenwasasexcitingasitwaschallenging.Istill
remember walking in a snowstorm in Kuopio, Finland, home of our partner Sito
Ltd.,togotoameetingwherewewouldpreselect15corridorsfortheanalysis.Ora
stakeholder’s workshop in Helsinki where we presented a proposal for the nine
corridorswewoulduseforouranalysis.Weevengavenicknamestothecorridors:
Brenner, Mare Nostrum, Two Seas, Nureyev, Cloverleaf, Strauss, Finis Terrae,
Edelweiss, and Silk Way, the latter linking Europe to the Far East. Not to forget
werealsothestakeholderworkshopinNapoli(Nolaterminal)tocomeupwithalist
of sensible key performance indicators (KPIs), and the near-disaster stakeholder
workshop in Antwerp on the same subject, as there was much confusion on what
sensible KPIs mightbe. The turning point ofthe project came in the workshop in
Malm€o(March2011),whenthefinallistofKPIswasdecided.
Beyondthatimportantmilestone,progressintheprojectwentsmoothly.When
in the fall of 2011, the European Commission issued its proposal for the new
Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) guidelines, something that evolved
into a Regulation in 2013, we were intrigued that the proposed TEN-T Core
Network had substantial overlap with the set of nine corridors we had chosen
about a year earlier. Contact was initiated with the Commission’s TEN-T Policy
unitin2012andwemaintainedafruitfuldialogwiththemevenaftertheendofthe
project.
Dissemination activities in the project were broad and diverse. Just within its
officialdurationwehad8papersinjournals,bookchapters,andscientificconfer-
ences,3plenaryworkshops,4regionalworkshops,andcloseto50presentationsin
other external events. Dissemination continued after January 2013, when the
project officially closed. All project results and deliverables can be found in
www.supergreenproject.eu.
A special challenge in SuperGreen was the evolving scene of related EU
legislation on green corridors and related topics. When the proposal was being
writtenin2008,the2001WhitePaperonTransportandthe2007FreightLogistics
Action Plan (fresh out of the oven at the time) were the two main EU policy
documents on the subject. Between that time and at the end of the SuperGreen
projecttherewereseveraladditionalandimportantpolicydevelopments,including
the2010RegulationonanEuropeanrailnetworkforcompetitivefreight,the2011
WhitePaperonTransport,andthe2011proposalfornewTEN-Tguidelines.Even
though the SuperGreen grant agreement, signed in late 2009, could not foresee
theselaterdevelopments,wefeltthatitwasourobligationtoprovideinputonthem
during the course the project. Even more, for the purposes of this book, we
viii ForewordandAcknowledgments
consideredessentialtoincludepolicydevelopmentsthatmaterializedaftertheend
of SuperGreen. These include the proposed Fourth Railway Package (2013), the
proposed Regulation on Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) of CO
2
emissions from maritime transport (2013), the Regulation on TEN-T guidelines
(2013),theStrategyforreducingHeavy-DutyVehicles’fuelconsumptionandCO
2
emissions(2014),theDirectiveontheDeploymentofAlternativeFuelsInfrastruc-
ture(2014),andseveralothers.
WhenImovedtoDTUinmid-2013,Idevelopedanewgraduatecourse,givenat
both the Master’s and Doctoral levels, which was entitled “Green Transport
Logistics.”MuchoftheworkofSuperGreen,plussomeadditionalrelatedmaterial
formedthebasisforthatcourse.Itwasaroundthattimethattheideaforabookon
thissubjectresurfaced.
Advice on where to publish the book was given to me by colleague James
BookbinderoftheUniversityofWaterloo(Canada).SomeSuperGreencolleagues
andIhadalreadywrittenachapteronSuperGreenforJim’s“HandbookofGlobal
Logistics” (Springer, 2013), referring to work in the project circa 2011. So upon
Jim’s advice, I contacted Frederick Hillier of Stanford University, then Editor for
Springer’s International Series in Operations Research and Management Science
andputthebookideatohim.Intheproposalforthebook,sixchaptersweredevoted
to SuperGreen. But also eight other chapters were proposed on other subjects
related to green transportation logistics, which was chosen as the book’s title. I
considered Fred Hillier an iconic figure, as his book with Gerald Lieberman
“IntroductiontoOperationsResearch”thatIhadpurchasedbackinthelate1970s
when I was a graduate student at MIT was critical in my subsequent interest in
Operations Research and Management Science. I was pleased that Fred liked the
book proposal, and eventually an agreement was reached for Springer to be the
publisher of this work. Fred subsequently stepped down as Series Editor and I
workedwithCamillePrice,NeilLevine,ChristineCrigler,andMatthewAmboyat
Springer.Iwouldliketothankallofthemfortheproductionofthisbook.
InJanuary2014,wewerepleasedtoseetheEuropeanCommissionCommuni-
cationCOM(2013)940final“BuildingtheTransportCoreNetwork:CoreNetwork
Corridors and Connecting Europe Facility” citing the SuperGreen project in the
contextofmeasuringthesustainabilityoftheTEN-TCoreNetworkcorridors.And
inMay2014,wewereinformedthattheSuperGreenprojecthadbeenselectedby
theEuropeanCommissionasasuccessstoryforaPolicyBrochureonlogisticsfor
the Transport Research and Innovation Portal (www.transport-research.info). The
maintaskofaPolicyBrochureistodemonstratethesynergybetweenEU-funded
researchandEUpolicyinacertainarea.ForeachPolicyBrochure,three“success
stories”arepresented,i.e.,researchprojectswhoseresultsarerecognizedashighly
successful in supporting EU policy. Recognition is always gratifying, and in this
particularcaseIthinkitreflectsoneveryindividualwhocontributedtotheproject.
Soitismydutytoacknowledgeseveralpeopleforcontributingtothesuccessof
the SuperGreen project. I apologize in advance for any omissions. First and
foremost, my thanks go to Rein Ju¨riado and Fleur Breuillin, Project Officers at
the European Commission (Directorate General for Mobility and Transport,
ForewordandAcknowledgments ix
DG-MOVE),aswellastoPawelStelmaszczyk,thenHeadofUnitB-3(Logistics,
Co-modality, Motorways of the Sea & Marco Polo) at DG-MOVE for their tech-
nical and administrative support and for their advice in general throughout the
project. I also want to thank Gudrun Schulze, Policy Officer from the same
DirectorateGeneral,forherconstructivefeedbackonissuespertainingtoTEN-Ts.
ThenIwouldliketothank
• George Panagakos, Christos Kontovas, Nikos Ventikos, Stefanos
Chatzinikolaou,DimitrisLyridis,PanagiotisZacharioudakis,StylianosIordanis,
andPanosTsilingirisofNTUA(LabforMaritimeTransport),Greece
• Atle Minsaas, Even Ambros Holte, Aud Marit Wahl, and Beate Kvamstad of
Marintek,Norway
• IlkkaSalanneandSanniR€onkk€oofSito,Finland
• Chara Georgopoulou and Nikos Kakalis of Det Norske Veritas, Norway
(Piraeus,Greeceoffice)
• Sergio Barbarino, Indrek Ilves, and Maximo Martinez of Procter and Gamble
Eurocor,Belgium
• Anders Sj€obris, Christopher Pa˚lsson, and Niklas Bengtsson of IHS Fairplay,
Sweden
• JuhaSchweighoferandAndreasBa¨ckofviaDonau,Austria
• ValerioRecagno,SaraFozza,andFrancescaVioofD’Appolonia,Italy
• Humberto Moyano, Beatriz Galan, and Ainhoa Puebla of the Port of Gijon,
Spain
• Jorged’AlmeidaandRuiPintoofPSASines,Portugal
• KonradPu¨tzoftheNorwegianPublicRoadsAdministration,Norway
• AlkisCorresandMaroVarvateoftheHellenicShort-SeaAssociation,Greece
• ChristianeGeiger,AgnesEiband,andUweClausenoftheTechnicalUniversity
ofDortmund,Germany
• AndreaSch€onandMonicaHolmofDBSchenker,Germany
• PaulusAditjandra,DewanIslam,EeroVanaale,andTomZunderoftheUniver-
sityofNewcastle(Newrail),UK
• ElinaMultanenandRolfSandbergofStraightway,Finland
• RuthSanchezandRachidBerdofConsultrans,Spain
• TaneliAntikainenoftheFinnishTransportAgency,Finland
• VesaStenvallandOttoLehtipuuofVRGroup,Finland
• KenanU¨lku¨ andRecaiKilikoftheTurkishRailways,Turkey
• CaroleYche,MonicaGrosso,andChiaraRebuffiofCaptrainItalia,Italy
• AndriyVartsabaofTESConsult,Ukraine
IndrekIlvesmustbecreditedforthedepictionofthenineSuperGreencorridors
in metro format and Christos Kontovas for the SuperGreen logo and for the
maintenanceoftheSuperGreenwebsite.
Ialsowanttothankthemembersoftheproject’sexternalAdvisoryCommittee,
which included (alphabetically) Herman de Meester, Karin de Schepper, Jacques
Dirand, Philippe Domergue, Fuensanta Martinez, Pawel Mickiewicz, Manfred