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GREEN NANOMATERIALS Sustainable Technologies and Applications GREEN NANOMATERIALS Sustainable Technologies and Applications Edited by Kaushik Pal, PhD.; DSc First edition published 2022 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 4164 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, ON, L7L 1A4 Canada Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2022 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Apple Academic Press exclusively co-publishes with CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Green nanomaterials : sustainable technologies and applications / edited by Kaushik Pal, PhD. Names: Pal, Kaushik, editor. Description: First edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20210280352 | Canadiana (ebook) 20210280425 | ISBN 9781771889650 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774639665 (softcover) | ISBN 9781003130314 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Nanostructured materials—Environmental aspects. | LCSH: Nanotechnology—Environmental aspects. Classification: LCC TA418.9.N35 G74 2022 | DDC 620.1/15—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pal, Kaushik, editor. Title: Green nanomaterials : sustainable technologies and applications / edited by Kaushik Pal. Description: First edition. | Palm Bay, FL : Apple Academic Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Recent technological advancements in green nanotechnology have opened a brand new avenue for research and development in the field of medicinal plants-mediated nanoparticles, biopolymer, biotechnology, and antimicrobial and biomedical research. This new volume, Green Nanomaterials: Sustainable Technologies and Applications, explores a number of eco-friendly technologies in green materials synthesis, which are of considerable importance. It takes an inter- and cross-multidisciplinary approach to the green chemistry of nanoengineering and green nanotechnology application in materials research. It provides informative coverage of this exciting and dynamic new field as well as relates the fundamentals of soft-nanomaterials fabrication and brand new spectroscopic integration. The book explores bio-inspired self-assembly green nanomaterials for multifunctional applications as well as the design and synthesis of green polymeric nanomaterials for a number of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, including biosensors, drug delivery, antimicrobial applications, etc. Also discussed is the fabrication of green polymer nanocomposites from waste and natural fibers, such as chitin fiber, chitin whisker fiber, cellulose fiber, nano cellulose fiber, eggshells, and cotton waste. The book is a unique mixture of exclusive ideas from peer-reviewed papers, reports from the latest research newsletters, mini reviews, and invited papers on key developments in the field. It will be a helpful resource for scientists and researchers, industry professionals, and faculty and advanced students in this area”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021036350 (print) | LCCN 2021036351 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771889650 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774639665 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003130314 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Nanostructures | Nanotechnology | Biocompatible Materials Classification: LCC R857.N34 (print) | LCC R857.N34 (ebook) | NLM QT 36.5 | DDC 610.285--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021036350 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021036351 ISBN: 978-1-77188-965-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77463-966-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00313-031-4 (ebk) About the Editor Kaushik Pal, PhD.; DSc Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Sensores, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 21941-901, Brazil. Kaushik Pal, PhD, is a Distinuished Professor at Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Sensores, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as former fellow Scientist at Wuhan University, Republic of China. Prior to that, he was a Visiting Professor at the International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN) School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, as well as Chief-Scientist and Faculty (CAS) Fellow at the Chinese Academy of Science. In the year 2020, he received the Honorìs Cauśa Doctor of Science (DSc) award from the Ministry of Education, Govt. of Malaysia, Institut Kemahiran Tinggi Belia Negara, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Dr. Pal supervises a significant number of students pursuing their bachelor, master, PhD, and postdoctoral degrees. He has published more than 110 significant research articles in several international top-tier jour nals, including those published by IOP Nanotechnology, Royal Chemical Society, Elsevier, Springer, IEEE publications, CRC Press Taylor and Francis, etc. He has also edited and published book chapters and review articles. Dr. Pal is an editorial member of the World Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Current Graphene Science, Journal of Chemical Reviews, and others. Professor Pal is an expert group leader as well as the associate member of various scientific societies, organizations, and professional bodies. He was the chairperson of 35 national or international events, symposia, conferences, workshops, summer internships and has contributed many plenary, keynote, and invited lectures worldwide. He has also been a reviewer of over 150 journal articles. vi About the Editor Dr. Pal’s awards include the Marie-Curie Experienced Researcher (Postdoctoral Fellow), offered by the European Commission in Greece and the Brain Korea (BK-21), National Research Foundation Visiting Scientist Fellowship in South Korea. He also served as Research Professor (Group Leader & Independent Scientist) at Bharath University (BIHER), Research and Development, Chennai, India. Dr. Pal’s research interests include nanofabrication, functional materials, condensed matter physics, CNTs/graphene, liquid crystal, polymeric nanocomposite, switchable devices, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, bio-inspired materials, drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture and integration, switchable device modulation, flexible and transparent electrodes, supercapacitor, optoelectronics, green chemistry, and biosensor applications. Contents Contributors ......................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations .....................................................................................................xiii Preface ............................................................................................................... xix Introduction ...................................................................................................... xxiii 1. Bio-Inspired Self-Assembly Green Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Applications ..................................................................... 1 S. I. Asiya and Kaushik Pal 2. Fabrication of Green Biopolymeric Nanocomposites ............................29 I. Samy, Kareem M. Abd El-Rahman, Amal Elhussieny, M. Faisal, and Nicola. M. Everitt 3. Designing and Synthesis of Green Polymeric Nanomaterials for Pharmaceutical Applications ................................................................... 47 Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Mazhar S. Al Zoubi, Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh, Alaa Alqudah, Mohammad A. Obeid, Parteek Prasher, Vijay Mishra, Gaurav Gupta, Poonam Negi, Deepak N. Kapoor, Harish Dureja, Saurabh Satija, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua, and Murtaza M. Tambuwala 4. Natural Green Biopolymers (Chitosan and Collagen) Extraction, Characteristics, and Biomedical Applications ........................................ 65 Aparna Tirumalasetti, Kesana Surendra Babu, Mannam Krishnamurthy, Murthy Chavali, and Enamala Manoj Kumar 5. Biosensor and Drug Delivery Application by the Utilization of Green Nanotechnology ........................................................................... 113 Meegle S. Mathew, Appukuttan Saritha, and Kuruvilla Joseph 6. New, Simple, and Cost-Effective Synthesis of Green Nanotechnology in Anti-Microbial Applications ...................... 131 Tean Zaheer 7. Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites of Silver ....................................... 147 Jaison Jeevanandam, Bala S. C. Koritala, Malakondaiah Suresh, Stephen Boakye-Ansah, and Michael K. Danquah viii Contents 8. Plant Extract: Isolation, Purification, and Applications of Green Nanomaterials Stabilization ....................................................... 189 S. Sreevidya, Kirtana Sankara Subramanian, Yokraj Katre, Anil Kumar, and Ajaya Kumar Singh Index ................................................................................................................. 219 Contributors Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan Alaa A. A. Aljabali Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, E-mail: [email protected] Alaa Alqudah Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan S. I. Asiya Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, 173 Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai – 600073, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: [email protected] Kesana Surendra Babu Department of Chemistry (PG Studies), Shree Velagapudi Rama Krishna Memorial College, Nagaram – 522268, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India Stephen Boakye-Ansah Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ – 08028, United States Murthy Chavali NTRC-MCETRC and Aarshanano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Guntur District – 522201 Andhra Pradesh, India, Tel.: +91-8309337736; +91-9642878182, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur – 57000, Malaysia Michael K. Danquah Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN – 37403, USA Kamal Dua The discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW – 2007, Australia Harish Dureja Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak – 124001, India Amal Elhussieny Center of Nanoscience and Technology (CNT), Nile University, Nile Avenue, Giza, Egypt Kareem M. Abd El-Rahman Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt