GREEN FRINGED ORCHID (PLATANTHERA LACERA, ORCHIDACEAE) IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA

2006·2.7 MB·English

by  Charles Allen

GREEN ERINGED ORCHID (PLATANTHERA ACER
L
A,
SOUTHERN
ORCHIDACEAE) LOUISIANA
IN
Thames,
Charles Sara
Allen,
Howard Anderson
I
Newton and Rhonda Hampton George
Fisher
Bill
III,
Ami
Colorado State Univ., Fort Polk 509 Bon
1645 23^' Street DeRidder, Louisiana 70634, U.S.A
Fort Polk Louisiana 71439, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
A new
population of Platanthera lacera is reported for Vernon Parish, southern Louisiana
RESUMEN
5e cita una nueva poblacion de Platanthera lacera de Vernon Parish, Surde Louisiana.
Green fringed orchid (Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don) was reported for Loui-
A
siana as early as 1852 by Riddell (1852). specimen was collected in Shreveport
in Caddo Parish by MacRoberts in 1976 (MacRoberts 1977). Apparently this
specimen was misidentified and not included in the orchid flora of Louisiana
Thomas
by Prigeon and Urbatsch and excluded by and Allen This
(1977) (1993).
was MacRoberts and MacRoberts
species reinstated the Louisiana flora by
to
Caddo
(1998); the authors also stated that the site for the collection in Parish
was now^ housing development. Green fringed orchid reported from of
a is all
NRCS
(USDA,
the eastern United States except for Florida 2005). In Texas, this
&
orchid reported only from Bowie County (Correll 1947; Liggio Liggio 1999).
is
swamps
The habitats reported orchid include open sedge and
for this
swampy
marshes, bogs, meadows, and glades of open woods, w^oods and wet or
occasionally dry open fields and prairies, and in thickets (Correll 1978; Liggio
&
Com-
North America
Liggio 1999; Radford 1968). In Flora of Editorial
et
al.
swamp
from sphagnum and
mittee (2002), this species reported bogs, alluvial
is
stream banks, riparian meadows, sand moist and seeping slopes,
forests, flats,
and borrow According
prairies, roadside banks, ditches, old fields, pits. to Liggio
and
Liggio (1999), this orchid has a preference for acidic soils but indifferent
is
and
to varying conditions of moisture, sunlight, shade.
On
May new was
2005, population of green fringed orchid discovered
a
6,
in Vernon Parish, Louisiana which ca 150 miles south of the Caddo I^arish
is
location and apparently the southernmost location in the United States. The
collection data
are:
SIDA 805 -809. 2006
22(1):
806 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1)
Voucher specimen: LOUISIANA. Vernon along edge mowed hunting edge pasture
Piirish: oi trail, oi
SW
and bccch/whuc oak forest in Section 14 T2S R7W, GPS N30.942 W93.053, ca. 1/4 mi of Tiilbert-
NW
Pierson Cemetery (Pine Grove Church) and ca. 5 mi of Sugartown \w drainage of unnamed creek
Whiskey 24 May A\kn
that drains into Chitto Creek, 2005, ci al /94/.5, (BRIT, Port Vo\k Herb., Ul.M).
mowed
The habitat varied from an open trail to the dense edge of the beech/
white oak forest of the creek edge and frorn rnoderatcly well drained to moist
soil. The soil type is Gore which is a very line sandy loam with 5 to 12 percent
The
slopes (Soil Survey Staff 2003). elevation \n the area ranges from 150 to 160
The plants had begun flower on May seemed peak around May
just to to
feet. 6,
and very few flowers were noted on June 2005.
20, just a
11,
During May was and clumps
2005, the revisited several times 35 of the
site
orchid were noted; most clumps had single flowering stem but few had two
a a
flowering stems. The area surrounding each of the 35 clumps was examined
and the five nearest individuals w^re identilied including herbaceous, wood)
J
vine, shrub (wocody non-vines shorter than six shrubs/saplings (woody
feet), J
non-vines taller than six feet and five inch or less dbh), and trees (woodv non-
vines taller than six feet and larger than 5 inch dbh) species (Table The per-
1).
cent of each species out ol the 175 total individuals (five times 35) for each cat-
egory listed in Table for the herbaceous and woody vines only one percent
is
1;
reported tor each species and lor the woody non-vine species, the per-
is first
cent listed the shrub, the second the shrubs/saplings, and third the
is is is trees.
The surrounding was examined twenty and
area for a distance of feet all asso-
m
A
ciated species were identified and listed Table total of 124 species from
1.
90 genera and 56 families were identified as a nearest individual or associated
species. Densiometer readings were taken at each clump and the average cover
percent was 61.04% and ranged from 43.03% 75.00%.
to
common
The most occurring herbaceous was
nearest species
Chas,manthi[im and was
scssiliflorum Yates (17.71%) followed by
(Poir.)
Die /lanthe/ u nuhc/ioloni um(L.) Gould (12.57%), San icti/iiiccTnadcnsisL. (8.57%),
i
Allium canadensc and Dichanthdium Gould
(8.00%), Jaxijloruni (T,am.)
L.
(5.71%). The wood)^ vine species that was most conimonly nearest the orchid
was
Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze (38.29%) and was followed by Loniccra
(L.)
j(//^()M/tc^Thanb. (37.14%)and Parthc nocissus quinqucjo} P]:v'\chXl257%).
ia (L.)
common
The most shrub was Rubus argutusL'mV and
nearest species (25.71%)
L
was
followed by Qucrcus alba Callicarpa anicricana and
(8.57%), (7.43%),
k.
common
Qucrcus hcmisphaerica Bartr ex Willd. (6.86%). The most nearest tree
species with smaller dbh inch or were Finns iacda (30.86%) and
(5 less) L. ilex
vomitoria Ait. (12.00%) and with the larger dbh (> 5 inch dbh) were Liquidam-
barstyracijlua (23.43%), Triadica scbijcra Small (20.00%), and Qucrcus
k. (k.)
albaL.a7.H%).
.
ALLEN ET AL., PLATANTHERA LACERA IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA 807
Table List of species associated with 35 clumps of green fringed orchid in Vernon Parish, Louisi-
1
.
during May 2005 with percent' of nearest individual records.
ana,
ACANTHACEAE CLUSIACEAE
Gmel.) 5teud.(1.14 Hypericum hypericoides Crantz
Ruelliacaroliniensis (J.R (L.)
Hypericum mutilum
L.
ACERACEAE
CORNACEAE
rubrum L
Acer %, %,
(5.71 .71 .71
1 1
ComLisflor/da 1.(0.57%, 0,0)
ANACARDIACEAE
CUPRESSACEAE
Kuntze
Toxicodendron radicons
(L.) (3
Junlperus virginiana L. (0, 0.5 .0)
APIACEAE
CYPERACEAE
Ptilimniumcopillaceum (Michx,) Raf.
Carex compianataJo(r.& Hool<.(2.86%)
Sanicula canadensis L.(8.57%)
Carexdebllis Michx.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Carexd!g!talis\N\\\d.
a
opaca
(1.14%,
//ex Ait, 0)
Carexfestucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.
vomitoria (3.43%, 2.00%,
Ilex Ait. 0)
1
Dewey
Carexflaccosperma (0.57%)
ARACEAE
Carex longil Mack. (0.57%)
Arlsoema Uiphylium Schott
(L.) CorexroseaV\I\\\d.{]A
ARALIACEAE Carex texensis (Torr.) Bailey
Rhynchospora caduca
L Ell.
3.43%,0.57%)
Aroiia spinosa (2.29%,
oligontha Michx.
Sclerlo
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
DIOSCOREACEAE
Aristolochia serpentaria
L.
Dioscorea
villoso
L.
ASPLENIACEAE
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Asplenium platyneuron
B.S.R
(L.)
Onoclea
senslbills
L.
ASTERACEAE
Polystichum acrosticholdes (Michx.) Schott.
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. (2.86%'
EBENACEAE
Helenium flexuosum
Hd'.
Diospyros virginiana (0.57%,
L. 0, 0)
Loctuca canadensis
L.
L
Solidago canadensis (4.57%) ERICACEAE
Solidago rugosa R Mi! 1.(1.71%) arboreum Marsh.
Vacciniuni
Symphyotrlchum A.& Love Chapman
lateriflorum (L) D. 4%,
l/acc/n/L/m e///orr/7 (1.1 0,0)
(2.29%)
EUPHORBIACEAE
BETULACEAE
Jriadico sebifero (L) Small (1.14%,8.00%,20.00%)
Carplnus carolinlona Walt. %, 3.43%, %)
.71 .71
(1 1
FABACEAE
Ostrya virginiana {PM'iW.) K.Koch 1.14%,0)
(0,
Galactia volubilis Britton
(L.)
BIGNONIACEAE
G.Don
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Co\jrs.) (0.57%)
Bignonia capreolata (3.43%)
L. folium repens (0.57%)
Tri L.
Ehrh.(171%)
CAMPANULACEAE Vicia saliva Lssp. nigra
(L.)
appendiculata DC. FAGACEAE
Lobelia A.
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 0.57%, 0.29%)
CAPRIFOLIACEAE (0,
1
Quercus olba L (8.57%, 0.57%, 4%)
7.1
iLon/cerayapon/ca Thunb. (37.14%) 1
Quercus hemlsphaerica ex Willd. (6.86%,
Bartr.
Sambucus
nigra (2.29%, 2.29%,
0)
L.
6.86%,
0)
Viburnum
acerifolium
L.
Quercus nigra (4.00%, 2.29%, 1.14%)
L.
Viburnum dentatum 2.29%,
(1.14%,
0)
L,
HAMAMELIDACEAE
CELASTRACEAE
Hamamelis
virginiana
L. (0, ,0)
Euonymus omericana 1
(0,57%,
L. 0, 0)
,
808
BRILORG/SIDA
22(1)
continued
Table
1.
OROBANCHACEAE
Liquidombar5tyfacifluaLOA3%,5.]4%,23A3%)
Epifagus na W.
JUGLANDACEAE Virginia Bart
(L.)
OSMUNDACEAE
Caryoalba
Nutt.ex 0.57%)
(L.) Ell. (0,0,
Caryo globra (P. Mill.) Sweet ya(. hirsuto (Ashe) Osmunda cinnaivomea L
A5he(5.14%,0,3.43%) Osmunda
regalis
_.
Carya (Wangenh.) Koch
illinoinensis
K.
OXALIDACEAE
JUNCACEAE
Oxalis
stricta
L.
Juncus coriaceus Mack.
PINACEAE
Juncus margmatus
Rostk. (0.57%)
L
Pinus taeda 30.86%, 0.29%)
(0,
1
Juncus polycephalus Michx.
POACEAE
Juncus
tenuis W\\\d.{^ -7]%)
Andropogon
gerardii Vitman (14 4%)
LAMIACEAE
minor L
Briza
Pycnanthenium
tenuifolium Schrad.
Chasmanthium laxum
Yates
(L.)
Salvia rata L.(0.^^«
ly
Chasnianthiunisess!
Yates
(Poir.)
(
Scutellaria elliptica Muhl, ex Spreng. (0.57%)
Dichanthelium acuminatum Gould &
(Sw.) C.A.
LAURACEAE
Clark van lindheimeri (Nash) Gould &
C.A.
Sassafras albidum (NuU.) Nees (0.57%, Clark
0,0)
Dichanthelium Gould &
LIUACEAE boscii (Poir.) C.A, Clark
(4.00%)
Allium canadense
(8,00%)
L.
commutatum
Dichanthelium
Schultes
A.
(J.
Lillum michauxii
Poir.
ould
(4.57%)
J
Polygonatuni biflorum
(Walt.)
Ell.
Dichanthelium dichotomum Gould
(L.) 2.5
(1
LINACEAE
Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould
(5.71
Linum
striatum Walt.
Leersia virginica W'lWd.
LOGANIACEAE perenne L.(2.29%
mutra
Gelsemium sempervirens Walt.
(L.) St. Hi (0.57%)
I.
Oplismenus
hirtellus Beauv. (2.29%)
(L.)
LYCOPODIACEAE
Paspalum
Steud.
urvillei
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. Sw
ex
Murr.)
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.(0.57%)
(0.57%)
RHAMNACEAE
MELIACEAE
Berchemia scandens Koch
(Hill) K.
(1
Melio azedarach
(0.57%, 2.29%, 0_57
L.
ROSACEAE
MORACEAE
Crataegus
marshallii Egglest. (0.57%,
0, 0)
Moras L
rubra
(0.57%, .71%,
0)
1
Prunus
serotina Ehrh. (0.57%,
0,0)
MYRICACEAE
Rubus
argutus
Link (25.7 %,
0,
0)
1
Morella
cerifera mall (0.57%, 0.57%, Rubus Michx.
(L.) 0) trivialis (3.43%, 0, 0)
NYSSACEAE,
RUBIACEAE
Nyssa
sylvatica Marsh. (4.57%, 0,4.00%) Galium pilosum
Ait.
Galium
tinctorium
OLEACEAE L.(4,
Galium uniflorum
Michx.
Chionanthus 4 w
1.(0,0,0.57%)
vi
L
repens
itchclla (2.86%)
Ligustrum sinense Lour. (4.57%, 8.00%,
0)
SMILACACEAE
ONAGRACEAE
Smilaxglauca
Walt. (2.29%)
Ludwigia
alternifolia
L.
Smilaxpumila
Wait.
Ludwigia
palustris
(L.
Smilox
rotundifolia L
.
809
ALLEN ET AL, PLATANTHERA LACERA IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA
continued
Table
1.
VERBENACEAE
Morong
Smilax
smollli
L
Smitax tomnoides Callicarpa americana (7.43%, 2.29%, 0)
L,
VIOLACEAE
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Morton
Thelypterls kunthii (Desv.) Viola sororia\N\\\6.{].]
ULMACEAE VITACEAE
Ulmus data Michx. (1.14%, 2.29%, 2.86%) Porthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (12.57%)
Ulmus americona %) rotundlfolia Michx. (4.00%)
L. (0, 0, .71 Vitis
1
URTICACEAE
Boehmeria Sw.
cylindrica
(L.)
Percent of nearest individual records = number of nearest plant records divided by 75 and nnu
^ 1
woody (woody
tiplied by 00 for each species category.The categories are herbaceous, vine, shrub
1
(woody non-vines tallerthansixfeet
non-vines shorterthansixfeet) percent).shrubs/sapling5
(first
and five inch or less dbh) (second percent), and trees (woody non-vines taller than six feet and
than inch dbh) percent).
larger 5 (third
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would thank Larry Magrath and Charles Sheviak for reviewing our
like to
J.
article.
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1
1
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Press, Stanford, California.
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Don
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B.R.
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in
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1
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1
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Department and
monocotyledons. Louisiana of Wildlife Fish-
conifers,and
ferns
allies,
Baton Rouge.
eries,
Department
2003. survey of Vernon Parish, Louisiana. United States
Soil Survey Staff. Soil
Washington,
of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, D.C.
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