Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability

262 Pages·2020·6.641 MB·English

by  Abu Zahrim Yaser

Abu Zahrim Yaser    Editor
Green
Engineering
for Campus
Sustainability
Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability
Abu Zahrim Yaser
Editor
Green Engineering
for Campus Sustainability
123
Editor
AbuZahrim Yaser
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
KotaKinabalu, Sabah,Malaysia
ISBN978-981-13-7259-9 ISBN978-981-13-7260-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7260-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2019934776
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To my family
WastemanagementatbusystreetofDelhi,India
Foreword
Iamdelightedtowritethisforeword,notonlybecauseDr.AbuZahrimisoneofmy
strong team members engaging with the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
EcoCampus agenda, but because I believe deeply in the educative values of green
engineeringtowardsustainability.Indeed,IamgladandimpressedthatDr.Abuand
histeammembersmainlyfromtheengineeringbackgroundhavetakentheinitiative
to publish some of the evidence-based solutions and innovative technologies to
underpinandsupporttheimplementationofSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)
in the campus community which could set an example to other sectors and busi-
nesses.Dr.Abuisaverydedicatedandproductiveresearcherwithastronginterest
incompostingtowardzerofoodwaste.Heisanefficientdecision-makerwithworks
alwayscompletedaheadoftimeinwhichthischaracterhasmadehimoneofthevery
valuablecontributorstooursustainabilityinitiativesincampus.Inaddition,Dr.Abu
has a heartily commitment to empower the stakeholders in campus and local com-
munity by sharing his knowledge and researchfindings as well asgiving technical
support.Istronglybelievethatthisbookwrittenbyhimandresearchersfromvarious
countries with innovative ideas, evidence-based good practices, and technical
informationwill definitely benefit thereaders.
Sabah is blessed with abundant resources. UMS is presently one of the two
public universities in Sabah which has strong academic and research strengths in
theenvironment-relatedfield,besideshavingabeautifulandscenerycampus.UMS
hasstriventocultivateenvironmentalcitizenshipamongstudentsandstaffthrough
university activities, practices, and operations, besides contributing toward the
sustainabilityofthelocalandglobalenvironmentespeciallysincethecommitment
to be a leading model of the “new flagship EcoCampus” in 2013.
The United Nations’ Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development with 17 SDGs and their associated 169 targets were
agreed by all countries in September 2015. Education and research are explicitly
recognized in a number of the SDGs, and universities have a direct role in
addressing these. Universities have a vital role to act a steward of development
sustainability through teaching and learning, research, infrastructure development,
management and operational practices and campus experience.
vii
viii Foreword
Through research and training of research leaders, universities are at the fore-
front of finding sustainable social, economic, environmental, and technical solu-
tions to global problems. The necessity for environmentally-friendly technologies
in the future will require the expertise of engineers by incorporating sustainability
into products, processes, technology systems, and services, which involves the
design for energy efficiency, mass efficiency, and low environmental emissions.
Dr. Abu and the contributors of this book have demonstrated their commitment
and responsibility as green guardians as well as research leaders in sustainability.
Itrulyhopethatthisbookwillenlightenandempowerthecampuscommunityand
public to make the difference toward the achievement of SDGs by 2030.
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Prof. Dr. How Siew Eng
Director, EcoCampus Management
Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Acknowledgements
The editor gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for their time and
effortsinassistingtheeditorwiththereviewingofmanuscript.Thisbookwouldnot
have been possible without the commitment of the reviewers.
(cid:129) Asha Embrandiri
(cid:129) Ayu Haslija Abu Bakar
(cid:129) Emma Suali
(cid:129) George Z. Kyzas
(cid:129) Husnul Azan Tajarudin
(cid:129) Lee Kiat Moon
(cid:129) Md. Abdul Mannan
(cid:129) Md. Lutfor Rahman
(cid:129) Mega Setyowati
(cid:129) Mohd. Aizudin Abd Aziz
(cid:129) Syeed Saifulazry
(cid:129) Wan Khairul Muzammil
(cid:129) Wu Ta Yeong
(cid:129) Yasmin Che Ani
(cid:129) Zainura Zainon Noor
ix
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Abu Zahrim Yaser
Environmental Sustainability of Universities: Critical Review
of Best Initiatives and Operational Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Nurul Hana Mohamed, Zainura Zainon Noor and Cindy Lee Ik Sing
The Green Vision of Technical University of Crete’s Campus . . . . . . . 19
Nikolaos Sifakis, Efprepios Baradakis, Spyros Psychis
and Theocharis Tsoutsos
The Construction of Green Building Using Interlocking
Brick System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Abdul Karim Mirasa and Chee-Siang Chong
The Feasibility of Using Palm Oil Ash in the Mix Design
of Interlocking Compressed Brick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Hidayati Asrah, Nadiah Sabana, Abdul Karim Mirasa, Nurmin Bolong
and Lim Chung Han
Second-Generation Bioethanol: Advancement of Ethanologenic
Microorganisms Toward Industrial Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Husnul Azan Tajarudin, Muhammad Syazwan Azmi,
Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mohd Firdaus Othman
and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
Microalgae Chlorella as a Sustainable Feedstock for Bioethanol
Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
RahmathAbdulla,TanKahKing,SitiAzmahJamboandAinolAzifaFaik
Conversion of Landscape Waste into Bio-coke Solid Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . 105
Santhana Krishnan, Mohd Fadhil Md Din, Shazwin Mat Taib,
Norfarah Hanim Binti Kamaludin, Norhisyam Hanafi, Tamio Ida,
Mohd Suhaizan Shamsuddin and Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
xi
xii Contents
The Effect of Enzyme Addition on the Anaerobic Digestion
of Food Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
MarianiRajin,AbuZahrimYaser,SariahSaalah,YogananthiniJagadeson
and Marhaini Ag Duraim
Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste in UMS Campus
for Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Newati Wid and Lucita Felicity Ayut
Green Engineering for Waste Management System in University—A
Case Study of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Arif Kusumawanto and Mega Setyowati
SustainableWasteManagementinHigherEducationInstitutions—A
Case Study in AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India . . . . . . . . . . 163
Jayapriya Jayaprakash and Hema Jagadeesan
Food Waste Composting at Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Malaysia Sabah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
SariahSaalah,MarianiRajin,AbuZahrimYaser,NurAinSyafiqahAzmi
and Ahmad Fathuddin Fikri Mohammad
Characterization of University Residential and Canteen Solid
Waste for Composting and Vermicomposting Development . . . . . . . . . 193
Nurmin Bolong and Ismail Saad
Sewage Treatment in Campus for Recycling Purpose: A Review . . . . . 207
Abu Zahrim Yaser and Nurliyana Nasuha Safie
Advanced Treatment of Campus Sewage by MV/UV/O
3
for Water Reclamation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Shengying Gong, Yanting Wang and Jie Fu