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Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability PDF

262 Pages·2020·6.641 MB·English
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Abu Zahrim Yaser    Editor Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability Abu Zahrim Yaser Editor Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability 123 Editor AbuZahrim Yaser Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah KotaKinabalu, Sabah,Malaysia ISBN978-981-13-7259-9 ISBN978-981-13-7260-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7260-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2019934776 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore To my family WastemanagementatbusystreetofDelhi,India Foreword Iamdelightedtowritethisforeword,notonlybecauseDr.AbuZahrimisoneofmy strong team members engaging with the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) EcoCampus agenda, but because I believe deeply in the educative values of green engineeringtowardsustainability.Indeed,IamgladandimpressedthatDr.Abuand histeammembersmainlyfromtheengineeringbackgroundhavetakentheinitiative to publish some of the evidence-based solutions and innovative technologies to underpinandsupporttheimplementationofSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs) in the campus community which could set an example to other sectors and busi- nesses.Dr.Abuisaverydedicatedandproductiveresearcherwithastronginterest incompostingtowardzerofoodwaste.Heisanefficientdecision-makerwithworks alwayscompletedaheadoftimeinwhichthischaracterhasmadehimoneofthevery valuablecontributorstooursustainabilityinitiativesincampus.Inaddition,Dr.Abu has a heartily commitment to empower the stakeholders in campus and local com- munity by sharing his knowledge and researchfindings as well asgiving technical support.Istronglybelievethatthisbookwrittenbyhimandresearchersfromvarious countries with innovative ideas, evidence-based good practices, and technical informationwill definitely benefit thereaders. Sabah is blessed with abundant resources. UMS is presently one of the two public universities in Sabah which has strong academic and research strengths in theenvironment-relatedfield,besideshavingabeautifulandscenerycampus.UMS hasstriventocultivateenvironmentalcitizenshipamongstudentsandstaffthrough university activities, practices, and operations, besides contributing toward the sustainabilityofthelocalandglobalenvironmentespeciallysincethecommitment to be a leading model of the “new flagship EcoCampus” in 2013. The United Nations’ Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with 17 SDGs and their associated 169 targets were agreed by all countries in September 2015. Education and research are explicitly recognized in a number of the SDGs, and universities have a direct role in addressing these. Universities have a vital role to act a steward of development sustainability through teaching and learning, research, infrastructure development, management and operational practices and campus experience. vii viii Foreword Through research and training of research leaders, universities are at the fore- front of finding sustainable social, economic, environmental, and technical solu- tions to global problems. The necessity for environmentally-friendly technologies in the future will require the expertise of engineers by incorporating sustainability into products, processes, technology systems, and services, which involves the design for energy efficiency, mass efficiency, and low environmental emissions. Dr. Abu and the contributors of this book have demonstrated their commitment and responsibility as green guardians as well as research leaders in sustainability. Itrulyhopethatthisbookwillenlightenandempowerthecampuscommunityand public to make the difference toward the achievement of SDGs by 2030. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Prof. Dr. How Siew Eng Director, EcoCampus Management Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Acknowledgements The editor gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for their time and effortsinassistingtheeditorwiththereviewingofmanuscript.Thisbookwouldnot have been possible without the commitment of the reviewers. (cid:129) Asha Embrandiri (cid:129) Ayu Haslija Abu Bakar (cid:129) Emma Suali (cid:129) George Z. Kyzas (cid:129) Husnul Azan Tajarudin (cid:129) Lee Kiat Moon (cid:129) Md. Abdul Mannan (cid:129) Md. Lutfor Rahman (cid:129) Mega Setyowati (cid:129) Mohd. Aizudin Abd Aziz (cid:129) Syeed Saifulazry (cid:129) Wan Khairul Muzammil (cid:129) Wu Ta Yeong (cid:129) Yasmin Che Ani (cid:129) Zainura Zainon Noor ix Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Abu Zahrim Yaser Environmental Sustainability of Universities: Critical Review of Best Initiatives and Operational Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Nurul Hana Mohamed, Zainura Zainon Noor and Cindy Lee Ik Sing The Green Vision of Technical University of Crete’s Campus . . . . . . . 19 Nikolaos Sifakis, Efprepios Baradakis, Spyros Psychis and Theocharis Tsoutsos The Construction of Green Building Using Interlocking Brick System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Abdul Karim Mirasa and Chee-Siang Chong The Feasibility of Using Palm Oil Ash in the Mix Design of Interlocking Compressed Brick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Hidayati Asrah, Nadiah Sabana, Abdul Karim Mirasa, Nurmin Bolong and Lim Chung Han Second-Generation Bioethanol: Advancement of Ethanologenic Microorganisms Toward Industrial Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Husnul Azan Tajarudin, Muhammad Syazwan Azmi, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mohd Firdaus Othman and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad Microalgae Chlorella as a Sustainable Feedstock for Bioethanol Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 RahmathAbdulla,TanKahKing,SitiAzmahJamboandAinolAzifaFaik Conversion of Landscape Waste into Bio-coke Solid Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . 105 Santhana Krishnan, Mohd Fadhil Md Din, Shazwin Mat Taib, Norfarah Hanim Binti Kamaludin, Norhisyam Hanafi, Tamio Ida, Mohd Suhaizan Shamsuddin and Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan xi xii Contents The Effect of Enzyme Addition on the Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 MarianiRajin,AbuZahrimYaser,SariahSaalah,YogananthiniJagadeson and Marhaini Ag Duraim Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste in UMS Campus for Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Newati Wid and Lucita Felicity Ayut Green Engineering for Waste Management System in University—A Case Study of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Arif Kusumawanto and Mega Setyowati SustainableWasteManagementinHigherEducationInstitutions—A Case Study in AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India . . . . . . . . . . 163 Jayapriya Jayaprakash and Hema Jagadeesan Food Waste Composting at Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 SariahSaalah,MarianiRajin,AbuZahrimYaser,NurAinSyafiqahAzmi and Ahmad Fathuddin Fikri Mohammad Characterization of University Residential and Canteen Solid Waste for Composting and Vermicomposting Development . . . . . . . . . 193 Nurmin Bolong and Ismail Saad Sewage Treatment in Campus for Recycling Purpose: A Review . . . . . 207 Abu Zahrim Yaser and Nurliyana Nasuha Safie Advanced Treatment of Campus Sewage by MV/UV/O 3 for Water Reclamation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Shengying Gong, Yanting Wang and Jie Fu

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