Green and Software-defined Wireless Networks: From Theory to Practice

311 Pages·2019·19.326 MB·English

by  Chih-Lin I, Guanding Yu, Shuangfeng Han, Geoffrey Ye Li

“This volume provides the reader with an exquisite amalgam of classical and radically new
wirelesssolutions,strikingacompellingbalancebetweentheunderlyingtheoryandtheassociated
practicalissues.”
LajosHanzo,UniversityofSouthampton
“This book provides a comprehensive introduction to green and software-defined wireless
networks.Theauthorsarerecognizedexpertsintheseareas,andprovidetheoreticalfoundations
aswellasexamplesofreal-worldapplications.Byconnectingtheorywithpractice,thisbookwill
beveryusefulforacademicresearchersandpracticingengineers.”
LeonardCimini,UniversityofDelaware
“This book provides a comprehensive yet focused description of green and software-defined
wirelessnetworkswithrichreal-worldexamplesofemployment.”
ZhishengNiu,TsinghuaUniversity

GreenandSoftware-DefinedWirelessNetworks
Understand the fundamental theory and practical design aspects of green and soft
wirelesscommunicationsnetworkswiththisexperttext.Itprovidescomprehensiveand
unified coverage of fifth-generation (5G) physical layer design, as well as design
of higher and radio access layers and the core network, drawing on viewpoints
from both academia and industry. Get to grips with the theory through authoritative
discussionofinformation-theoreticalresults,andlearnaboutfundamentalgreendesign
trade-offs, software-defined network architectures, and energy-efficient radio resource
management strategies. Applications of wireless big data and artificial intelligence to
wireless network design are included, providing an excellent design reference, and
real-world examples of employment in software-defined 5G networks, and energy-
saving solutions from wireless communications companies and cellular operators
help to connect theory with practice. This is an essential text for graduate students,
professionals,andresearchers.
Chih-LinI is the chief scientist of wireless technologies at the China Mobile Research
Institute,havingpreviouslyheldseniorpositionsatAT&TandtheIndustrialTechnology
ResearchInstitute,Taiwan.
Guanding Yu is a professor at the College of Information Science and Electronics
EngineeringatZhejiangUniversity,China.
Shuangfeng Han is a senior project manager in the Green Communication Research
CenterandFellowattheChinaMobileResearchInstitute,andvicechairofthewireless
technologyworkgroupinChina’sIMT-2020(5G)PromotionGroup.
GeoffreyYeLiisaprofessorintheSchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineeringatthe
GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,andafellowoftheIEEE.

Green and Software-Defined
Wireless Networks
From Theory to Practice
CHIH-LIN I
ChinaMobileResearchInstitute
GUANDING YU
ZhejiangUniversity
SHUANGFENG HAN
ChinaMobileResearchInstitute
GEOFFREY YE LI
GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA
477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia
314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India
79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108417327
DOI:10.1017/9781108277389
©CambridgeUniversityPress2019
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2019
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:I,Chih-Lin,author.|Yu,Guanding,author.|Han,Shuangfeng,author.|
Li,Ye(Geoffrey),author.
Title:Greenandsoftware-definedwirelessnetworks:fromtheorytopractice/Chih-LinI,
GuandingYu,ShuangfengHan,GeoffreyLi.
Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2019.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex
Identifiers:LCCN2018041844|ISBN9781108417327(hardback:alk.paper)
Subjects:LCSH:Software-definednetworking(Computernetworktechnology)|
Wirelesscommunicationsystems–Energyconservation.|Wirelesscommunication
systems–Energyconsumption.|Radioresourcemanagement(Wirelesscommunications)
Classification:LCCTK5105.5833.I22019|DDC004.6–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018041844
ISBN978-1-108-41732-7Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
Contents
Preface pagexi
ListofAbbreviations xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 WhyGreenandSoft? 1
1.2 Green:FromUEtoInfrastructure 3
1.3 Soft:FromCoreNetworktoRAN 5
1.4 Greenvs.Soft:AnUnsolvableContradiction? 7
1.5 RethinkingGreenandSoft5GNetworkDesign 7
1.5.1 RethinkShannon 8
1.5.2 RethinkRingandYoung 9
1.5.3 RethinkSignalingandControl 10
1.5.4 RethinkAntenna 10
1.5.5 RethinkSpectrumandAirInterface 11
1.5.6 RethinkFronthaul 11
1.5.7 RethinkProtocolStack 12
1.5.8 RethinkBigDataAnalyticsinWirelessCommunications 12
1.6 SkeletonofThisBook 13
2 TheoreticalFrameworktowardGreenNetworks 16
2.1 MetricsforGreenRadio 16
2.2 EEStudyfromInformationTheory 19
2.3 FundamentalEE–SETrade-Off 23
2.3.1 EE–SERelation 25
2.3.2 BoundsontheEE–SECurve 28
2.3.3 FurtherDiscussion 31
2.4 EEDesigninOrthogonalSystems 32
2.4.1 WeightedSummationEEMaximization 33
2.4.2 Maximum-MinimalEEMaximization 38
2.4.3 NumericalResults 40
2.5 EEDesigninNon-OrthogonalSystems 43
2.5.1 UtopiaEE 44
2.5.2 Pareto-OptimalEE 46
2.5.3 NumericalResults 50
vii
viii Contents
Appendix2.1 OptimizationTheoryforEEDesign 51
A2.1.1 FractionalProgrammingandtheDinkelbachAlgorithm 52
A2.1.2 Sum-of-RatiosOptimization 53
A2.1.3 GeneralizedFractionalProgramming 55
A2.1.4 Multi-ObjectiveOptimizationandWeightedTchebycheffMethod 57
3 GreenandSoftNetworkDesign 61
3.1 GreenandSoftWirelessCommunicationNetworkDesign 61
3.1.1 E2ENetworkArchitecturefor5G 62
3.1.2 Next-GenerationCoreNetwork 62
3.1.3 Next-GenerationRAN 64
3.1.4 Next-GenerationTransportNetwork 66
3.1.5 KeyIssuesofE2ENetworkArchitecture 66
3.1.6 Summary 70
3.2 C-RAN:RevolutionaryEvolutionofRAN 71
3.2.1 Introduction 71
3.2.2 C-RANBasics 72
3.2.3 EvolutionofC-RANtowards5G 73
3.2.4 NGFI:Next-GenerationFronthaulInterface 75
3.2.5 CU-DUArchitecturefor5G 76
3.2.6 RethinkProtocolStackfor5G:MCD 81
3.3 Big-Data-EnabledMobileNetworkDesign 90
3.3.1 BackgroundofBigData 90
3.3.2 WirelessBigData 94
3.3.3 ArtificialIntelligenceinWirelessNetworks 97
3.3.4 ApplicationofWBDandAIintoMobileNetwork 98
3.3.5 GreenandSoftNetworkArchitecturewithWBD 100
3.3.6 Big-Data-EnabledAutomaticNetworkManagementandOperation 106
3.3.7 Big-Data-EmpoweredMEC 110
3.3.8 Big-Data-Assisted Protocol Stack and Signaling Procedure
Optimization 112
3.3.9 Big-Data-andAI-EnabledRadioResourceManagement 116
3.3.10 Big-Data-AssistedHigh-EfficiencyPhysicalLayerOperation 122
3.3.11 BigDataPlatformCapabilities/Environment 125
3.3.12 EnhancedSystemPerformancewithWBD 128
4 Energy-EfficientSignalingDesignandResourceManagement 142
4.1 SleepingStrategyandCellZooming 143
4.1.1 DynamicBaseStationSleepControl 143
4.1.2 CellZoomingforGreenCellularNetworks 144
4.1.3 Soft-DefinedNetworkArchitectureforGreenCellularNetworks 145
4.2 JointOptimizationofUplinkandDownlinkEnergyEfficiency 146
4.2.1 SystemModelandProblemFormulation 147
Contents ix
4.2.2 JointUplinkandDownlinkResourceAllocation 150
4.2.3 NumericalResults 153
4.3 Energy-EfficientResourceAllocationinHomogeneousNetworks 155
4.3.1 SystemModelandProblemFormulation 157
4.3.2 ProblemAnalysisandtheSub-OptimalAlgorithm 159
4.3.3 NumericalResults 162
4.4 Energy-EfficientResourceAllocationinHeterogenousNetworks 165
4.4.1 SystemModelandProblemFormulation 167
4.4.2 TheMulti-ObjectiveEnergy-EfficientAlgorithm 169
4.4.3 NumericalResults 175
5 Software-DefinedAirInterface(SDAI)foraGreenerNetwork 182
5.1 SDAIFramework 182
5.2 WirelessPropagationin5GUseCases 185
5.2.1 TheImportanceofPropagationChannels 185
5.2.2 ChannelModelingPrincipleandFundamentals 186
5.2.3 ChannelModelingMethodsinCellularSystems 186
5.2.4 NewandExcitingChallengesinChannelModeling 188
5.2.5 ConcludingRemarks 191
5.3 FlexibleFrameStructure 191
5.3.1 FrameStructureDesignPrinciples 192
5.3.2 ProgressofFrameStructurein3GPP5GNR 197
5.3.3 ConcludingRemarks 197
5.4 FlexibleMIMO 198
5.4.1 UnifiedFrameworkforMIMOTechniquesfor5G 198
5.4.2 SchemesofHybridBeamforming 200
5.4.3 EE–SEAnalysisofHybridBeamforming 202
5.4.4 Standardization 204
5.4.5 Summary 207
5.5 NewWaveform 207
5.5.1 w-OFDM/f-OFDM 208
5.5.2 UFMC 209
5.5.3 FBMC 209
5.5.4 GFDM 211
5.5.5 OTFS 211
5.5.6 VariantsofDFT-s-OFDM 213
5.5.7 ConstantEnvelopeWaveform 214
5.5.8 UnifiedWaveformFramework 214
5.5.9 Waveformfor5GNRin3GPP 216
5.5.10 Summary 220
5.6 FlexibleMultipleAccessSchemes 221
5.6.1 PotentialNewMultipleAccessTechniquesfor5G 221
5.6.2 TheoreticalAnalysisofaNoMASystem 228