Greek and Indo-European Etymology in Action: Proto-Indo-European *aǵ-

327 Pages·2000·17.8 MB·English

by  Raimo Anttila

GREEK AND INDO-EUROPEAN ETYMOLOGY IN ACTION
AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND
HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE
General Editor
E. F. KONRAD KOERNER
(University of Ottawa)
Series IV- CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY
Advisory Editorial Board
Raimo Anttila (Los Angeles); Lyle Campbell (Christchurch, N.Z.)
Sheila Embleton (Toronto); John E. Joseph (Edinburgh)
Manfred Krifka (Austin, Tex.); Hans-Heinrich Lieb (Berlin)
E. Wyn Roberts (Vancouver, B.C.); Hans-Jürgen Sasse (Köln)
Volume 200
Raimo Anttila
Greek and Indo-European Etymology in Action
Proto-Indo-European *ag-
GREEK AND INDO-EUROPEAN
ETYMOLOGY IN ACTION
PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN *AG-
RAIMO ANTTILA
University of California, Los Angeles
JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Anttila, Raimo.
Greek and Indo-European etymology in action : proto-Indo-European *Ag- / Raimo Anttila.
p. cm. - (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV,
Current issues in linguistic theory, ISSN 0304-0763 ; v. 200)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Proto-Indo-European language-Roots. 2. Greek language-Etymology. 3. Indo-European lan­
guages-Etymology. I. Title. II. Series.
P572.A56 2000
482-dc2i 00-031282
ISBN 90 272 3707 7 (Eur.) / I 55619 978 3 (US) (Hb; alk. paper)
© 2000 - John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other
means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 75577 • I070 AN Amsterdam • The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 275I9 • Philadelphia PA I9118-0519 • USA
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
The material 1
The basic picture of PEE *ag- 'drive' 1
Stray nouns 3
Contrasts and suppletion 4
Germanic drive 6
The theoretical 8
The practical 13
The personal 14
Memoria rerum tractatarum 14
Laudationes 16
2. 'Aγώv and àγa- 18
'Aγώv: semantics 18
'Aγώv : support from cognates 22
'Aγώv: morphology 24
'Aγa-: the e v i d e n c e 28
The enhancing particle 28
30
Social-unit p a r a l l e l s 32
Other compounds with 36
On the morphology of -(ω)v/-(ω))p 39
Non-collective -GOV 39
Collective -ωV 41
Free form 'too much' 44
Greek épi- 'very' 47
A note on Umbrian poplo 'people in arms' 54
3. and its relation to the games and culture 57
Original meaning of in its cultural context 57
General background 57
Lexical detail 61
Epithet interlude 66
The resulting good 67
The initial 70
VI PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN *AG-
The ending 71
The cultural centrality of *dhê-'place, put' 75
4. 79
'big' 79
beloved' 82
Loving care 82
The French thrust 84
'One's own' (and legal status) 86
Support from names 89
The Semitic suggestion 90
The upshot 92
as mild 94
with plants 98
Driving as skill 100
Driving as growth 102
Growth at fuller blast 102
Drive and medicine 103
Centum/satәm, chronology, and maps 107
5. Speaking-as-driving words 111
Imperative (particle) 111
Speaking, saying, and driven sound: Latin aio 'say' 113
" Avωγa 'command' and its semantic-syntactic profile 121
The origin of the Proto-Indo-European perfect 125
Behind and around the perfect solution 128
Slavic de- 'speak' 131
6. Aggression and sustenance: 133
Et in Arcadia 133
Running a trapline 135
Hunting grounds 135
Gathering force 137
At the kill 143
'noble' 145
Killing *ag-(ro-/ā) 146
Hittite ak(k)- 'be put to death' 147
Beating and killing *gwhen- (beyond Hittite) 150
An aquatic/aggressive ackerlaiker in English? 151
East Anglia — Scotland 151
West Germanic 153
Icelandic 154
TABLE OF CONTENTS vil
Drift into acre 155
Acorns etc., for grist's sake 157
Non-killing *gwhen- 'beat' 158
Gathering 158
Sexual union and nourishment 161
Persephone 164
Beating parallels 167
Baltic ganàlgana 'enough' 168
7. and its entourage 171
'wonder' and Umbrian ahtu 'divine force' 171
'admire' and 'feel displeasure' 172 'awe, guilt' 177
Power, awe, and holy fear 177
Latin indiges (*The Impeller?) 180
Gretemples, mysteries' 184
Di) power 185
Wonder and amazement 187
"Die deutsche Wissenschaft" 189
' a d m i r a b l e ' 1 91
'' '^ 'exalt' 'shiny?') 192
'feel irritation, ferment' 193
The good and the bad 194
8. Parallels from Baltic Finnic 197
Finnish ajaa 'to drive' 197
Meaning 197
Formal richness 199
'To (make) swell' [and beyond] 201
Other nouns 202
Driving as speaking 202
Sex(ual) drive 203
Finnish akita and äkätä 209
Socage as driving in Germanic 209
Finnish akita 'take care' 210
Finnish äkki 'fast, abrupt' 211
Finnish äkätä 'notice' 213
Finnish föörätä 'drive' 217
'Fester' and 'ache' 217
German(ic) 217
Greek 219
Old Czech etc. ozd 223
German Ekel 225
VIII PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN *AG-
Lithuanian gintaras 226
Slavic gnoj 226
Finnish äkä 'anger, eagerness' 228
More shit 230
Finnish kenalkinalkona 'slanted, slime, drag' 231
Sound substitution correspondences 238
Hunting for the missing in Balto-Slavic 240
Finnish/Estonian oja 'brook' 240
Greek 'river-bank' 242
Finnish/Estonian ahav(a), aho 'wind' 244
Lithuanian ozinis 'SE wind' 245
The Sōma 249
Apologia pro forma 252
Another large Baltic family in Finnish? 253
Hermeneutic collaterally 255
9. Conclusion: Io(o)se ends 257
Observing the formalities 257
The problem of the root 257
The problem of multiple suffixes 258
Parallels and exact form in borrowing 260
The o-grade and Greek 'swath' 261
(Root) extensions 263
The breaking point 264
Radical prose poetry 266
Select bibliography 268
Subject and term index 287
Language indexes 291
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
Illustrations/Displays
Root-display chart of *ag- and its closest consorts 5
Subgrouping of, and selection from, Germanic 6
The semantic gamut of Russian (-)gon(-) 'drive' 20
Proto-Indo-European social and functional age groups 48
Human group, contest, and fight: *er-i- and *ag-n~ 53
Bissinger's meaning-development-of- tree 79
Table of non-growth -heads 95
Martinet's map of Indo-European tribes 108
Meid's H (e)-tense tree (perfect and middle) 126
2
Chase-and-catch diagram (based on Chantraine) 138
Beating-and-pillage in diagrammatic summary 143
Germanic drive-intrusion into the *ag-domain 156
Casabona's -table of sacrificial words 179
The good and the bad (semantics) 195
Finnish causative and frequentative interplay 200
Swedish äcka ~ Finnish äkkiläkätä 216
Finnish kena — kona table 252
Map of the eastern Baltic (Finnic) shores 260
Benedetti's derivation switch in Latin morphology 261