Great Power Relations in Argentina, Chile and Antarctica

216 Pages·1990·19.39 MB·English

by  Michael A. Morris (eds.)

GREAT POWER RELATIONS IN ARGENTINA,
CHILE AND ANTA RCTICA
Also by Michael A. Morris
CONTROLLING LATIN AMERICAN CONFLICfS (editor with
Victor Millan)
EXPANSION OF TIllRD-WORLD NAVIES
ThnERNATIONALPOLrnCSANDTHESEA
NORTH-SOUTH PERSPECTIVES ON MARINE POLICY
(editor)
THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN
Great Power Relations
in Argentina,
Chile and Antarctica
Edited by
Michael A. Morris
Professor of Political 8cience
Clemson University
80uth Carolina
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-1-349-10077-4 ISBN 978-1-349-10075-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-10075-0
© Michael A. Morris, 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
All rights reserved. For infonnation, write:
Scholarly and Reference Division,
St Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
FIrSt published in the United States of America in 1990
ISBN 978-0-312-03610-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Great power relations in Argentina, Chile, and Antarctica / edited by
Michael A. Morris.
p. Cffi.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-312-03610-2
1. Southem Cone of South America--Relations-United States.
2. United States-Relations-Southem Cone of South America.
3. Southem Cone of South America--Relations-Soviet Union.
4. Soviet Union-Relations-Southem Cone of South America.
5. Geopolitics-Antarctic regions-History. I. Morris, Michael A.
F2232.2.U6G74 1990
327.8-dc20 89-34721
CIP
Contents
List of Tables and Figures Vll
Notes on the Contributors viii
1 Introduction
Michael A. Morris 1
PARTI BACKGROUND
2 The Passing of Pax Americana
fan Knippers Black 11
3 Diplomacy of the United States and Great Britain
in the History of Argentine Borders
Camilo Rodriguez Berrutti 29
PART 11 GREAT POWER RELATIONS
4 British Relations with the Southern Cone States
Peter Calvert 41
5 Argentina and the Soviet Union: International
Relations in Three Stages
Ruben de Royos 59
6 Chile and the Great Powers
foaquin Fermandois 77
PART 111 ISSUES
7 International Relations in Antarctica: Argentina, Chile
and the Great Powers
Peter f. Beck 101
8 The External Debt
Ricardo Alagia 131
9 Great Power Military Relations
Michael A. Morris 144
PART IV COMPARISONS AND CONCLUSIONS
10 Brazil and the Great Powers: Gradual Reorientation
Cynthia Watson 163
11 South America, the Great Powers and the Global System
Fred Parkinson 176
v
VI Contents
12 Conclusions
Michael A. Morris 197
Index 203
List of Tables and Figures
Tables
6.1 Origin and destination of Chile an trade,
1982-84 94
6.2 US economic and military assistance to Chile under
five US Presidents 95
8.1 Size of the external debt of the 'Baker Plan'
count ries 135
8.2 Debt burden of selected Latin American countries 136
9.1 Economic and military power of selected South
American states (1984) 146
9.2 Alternate estimates of Argentine military
expenditure 147
9.3 Arms transfers of selected South American states 148
9.4 Major arms suppliers to selected South American
states 149
9.5 Comparative naval power of selected South American
states (1987) 152
9.6 Hierarchy of selected South American navies 153
Figures
5.1 Soviet trade with Argentina, 1923-30 65
5.2 Imports from Argentina to USSR and exports to
Argentina from USSR, 1970-84 66
5.3 Comparative trade - USSR, Third World, Latin America
and Argentina 67
5.4 Exports to Latin America from USSR and USSR trade
deficit with Latin America, 1970-84 69
7.1 Antarctic territorial claims 104
7.2 The frontage concept 105
vii
Notes on the Contributors
Ricardo Alagia is Professor of Public International Law at the
Catholic University of La Plata, Argentina, and at the National
University of Mar deI Plata. During 1983-1987, he was a represen
tative in the Argentine Congress (Camara de Diputados), when he
authored more than forty declarations, resolutions and laws. When a
member of the Argentine Congress, Dr Alagia was on the Foreign
Relations, Penal Law and General Legislation Committees. He is the
author of articles and monographs on international law and inter
national political economy, about which he also has given over
seventy visiting lectures in Argentina, Latin America and the USA.
Peter J. Beck is Reader in International History at Kingston
Polytechnic, Kingston-upon-Thames, England, where he has lec
tured since 1968. Educated at the London School of Economics,
University of London, he has researched since the late 1970s on
historical and contemporary aspects of the Antarctic and Falklands
questions. He has published extensively in Britain and overseas,
including Argentina, and his book, The International Politics 01
Antarctica, appeared in 1986. Recently he completed The Falkland
Islands as an International Problem (1988), and he contributed to the
forthcoming work La Antartida en el Sistema Internacional del Fu
turo: Problemas y Perspectivas edited by Carlos Moneta. He is a
member of the Royal Institute of International Affairs' Latin Ameri
can Study Group.
Jan Knippers Black is Research Professor of Public Administration at
the University of New Mexico, where she also teaches in the Depart
ment of Political Science. Previously, she was Senior Research Scien
tist and Chairman of the Latin American Research Team in the
Foreign Area Studies Division of American University. A former
Pe ace Corps Volunteer in Chile, she holds a PhD in international
studies from the American University in Washington, DC. Professor
Black has authored, edited, or co-authored more than two dozen
books on Latin America and on United States foreign policy. Her
most recent books are Latin America, Its Problems and Its Promise: a
Multidisciplinary Introduction (1984), Sentinels 01 Empire: The
United States and Latin American Militarism (1986), and The Dom-
Vlll
Notes on the Contributors IX
iniean Republie: Polities and Development in an Unsovereign State
(1986).
Peter Calvert is Professor of Comparative and International Politics
at the University of Southampton, England. His most recent pub li
cations include Guatemala, a Nation in Turmoil (Boulder, Colorado:
Westview Press, 1985) and The Foreign Poliey 0/ New States
(Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books, 1986), and he is co-author (with
Susan Milbank) of The Ebb and Flow 0/ Military Government in
Latin Ameriea (London: The Cent re for Security and Conflict Stud
ies, 1987, Conflict Study No. 198).
Ruben de Hoyos is Professor, Department of Political Science, Uni
versity of Wisconsin/Oshkosh, where he was Co-ordinator of Latin
American Studies for more than a decade. His visiting appointments
include Visiting Professor in Iran (1970-1971) and Visiting Scholar at
the Institute for Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences, Beijing (1987). A native of Argentina, he wrote his doc
toral dissertation (Department of Government, New York Univer
sity) on the second administration of President Juan D. Peron, who
he interviewed personally. Professor de Hoyos has written exten
sively on the geopolitics of hydroelectric developments among the
nations of the River Plate (La Plata) basin, as weH as on conflict
control and resolution among Southern Co ne countries.
Joaquin Fermandois is Professor of Contemporary History at the
Catholic University of Valparaiso and at the Catholic University of
Santiago, Chile, specialising in the history of contemporary political
ideas and in the history of international relations. He studie'1 history
at the Catholic University of Valparaiso, at Marburg anu Berlin
(West Germany) and in Seville, Spain. His publications include a
recent book, Chile y el Mundo 1970-1973. La Politiea Exterior dei
Gobierno de la Unidad Popular y el Sistema Internacional (Santiago:
Ediciones Universidad Catolica de Chile, 1985).
Michael A. Morris is Professor of Political Science at Clemson
University, South Carolina, and during 1987-1989 is Fulbright Ex
change Professor in Great Britain. He is the author or editor of a
number of books, the most re cent of which are Expansion 0/ Third
World Navies (London: MacmiHan, 1987 and New York: St.Martin's
Press, 1987) and (editor) North-South Perspeetives on Marine Poliey