GREAT EUROPEAN CONFLICT. Franco-Prussian War: Chassepot - Rifle vs. Zundnadelgewehr, or the Needle Gun: Real Cause of the Struggle

177 Pages·1870·11.319 MB·English

by  G. W. Bible

GREAT EUROPEAN CONFLICT.
FRAA^CO-PRUSSIAN WAR.
CHASSEPOT-MFLE vs. ZUXDA^ADELGEWEHR,
OR THE
KEEDLE
GJJ'E.
EEAL CAUSE OF THE STRUGGLE.
NAME, TITLE, AND YEAR OF ACCESSION OF THE EULEES OF
THE EUEOPEAN STATES.—KINDS OF GOVEENMENTS.—
ARMAMENTS, MILITAEY AND NAVAL.
RHENISH PROVINCES.-STRATEGIC POINTS,
COMPILED ANDAEEANGED FROM THE LATESTEUEOPEAN OFFICIAL
80TTEOE8 AND STATISTICS.
A.
NEW YOEK:
BIBLE BROTHERS, 432 BROOME STREET.
1870.
EnteredaccordingtoActofCongressintheyear1870,
By GEO. W. BIBLE,
Intlieofficeofthe LibrarianofCongress,at
Washington.
A'
^<d
PHEF^OE
The masses of this country possess very little
reliable information of the real condition, character,
and resources of the different European govern-
—
ments especially those of France and Prussia.
This fact will be readily conceded by those who
base their opinion upon extensive inquiry and
observation. Indeed, there are comparatively few
who are thoroughly acquainted with European facts
and figures, except those of foreign birth, members
of the press, officers of the government, and those
whose peculiar bent has induced them to inves-
tigate.
In time of peace this lack of information is
scarcely felt but in time of war, especially a war
;
like the present, there is a universal demand for
all information relating not only to the war itself,
but also to the politics and history of Europe.
A
PREFACE.
iv
To meet this demand, tlie author has collected
the most important facts relating to France, Prussia,
and other European powers, and arranged them in
convenient shape for reference.
A
twofold object has been kept in view in the
i
preparation of this work, viz., to give facts which
will enable all to judge understandingly of the
causes of the present war, its probable results, the
pre^jent situation of Europe, and, at the same time,
j)resent facts of interest concisely and impartially.
In a work of this kind, freely interspersed with
quotations, it would be next to impossible to credit
each item to its author; and it is hoped, therefore,
that a general acknowledgment, with especial ten-
der of thanks to attaches of the European consulates,
members ofthe press, and others, will suffice.
With, the above explanation, this volume is re-
spectfully submitted to the public.
—— —
CONTENTS.
PAGB
German Fatherland. National Song 10
French Marsellaise. National Hyiun 12
Frakco-Prussian War. 1:-{
Casus Belli 14
Napoleon III.'s Speech to the French Senate 14
Napoleon III.'s Address to the French People 15
King Willl\m's Address to the REiCHSTAa IG
Real Cause of the Struggle 17
FRANCE AND PRUSSIA COMPARED.
Populationand Numerical Strength op theirArmies 17
"Sinews of War" 17
War, Material and Quality ofArms 19
French and Prussian Fleets .' 22
Zundnadelgewehrvs. St. Chassepot 24
Zundnadelgewehr orNeedle Gun 25
Chassepot 27
FRANCE..
— —
Portrait op—Napoleon II—I. Area Population Ge—ographical
Position Coast Lines Continental Boundaries Advanta-
geous Military Posit—ion, etc 31
Internal Communication Canals, Public Roads, and Railways
constructed with reference to Military Movementsintime
of War 32, 33, 34
Roads convergingat Metz 34
Government, etc 34
Portrait of Ollivier
The French Army 1867-'68-'69-'70 35, 38, 39
Commanders of Corpsd'Armee 39
FRENCH MARSHALS, SERVICES, EJC.
McMahon, Canrobert, Bazaine, Yaillant, Forey, Randon, Chan-
garnier, LeBceuf, Count de Palikao, etc 41, 42, 43, 44
French Zouaves 44
French Navy. 46
CommandersofFrenchFleet 48
PRUSSIA.
— —
Portrai—t of King William I. Area Population Old Provin-
ces Ne—w Territory acquired in—1866 48
govelinment chamber of deputies portrait of bismarck
KingWilliamI.,Crown—PrinceFrederick—William,PrinceRoy-
alFrederick Charles Pui^lic Revenue PublicDjebt, etc.. 42
.
6 CONTENTS.
Prussian(andNorth German) Army 49, 50
Corps, Head-quarters, and CoMiiANDERSofCorps 51
GENERALS OF THE PRUSSIAN ARMY.
PrinceFrederick Charles 51, 52, 53, 54
CharlesBernard, Baron von Moltke 55
Albrecht Theodore Emilvon Roon 56
Charles Eberhard Herwarth vonBittenfeld 56, 57
Charl—es Frederick von Steinmetz 57, 58
Navy Naval Commanders 58, 59
Great PrussianNaval Station 59, 60
NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION.
— —
States, Area—, Population Rulers Governments, etc 61, 62
Parliament Federal Constitution 62
Aemyand Navy 62, 63
SOUTH GERMAN UNION.
—
States, Area, Popula—tion Revenue, Public Debts, Rulers,
Governments, etc. Military andotherTreatieswithNorth
German Confederation 63
Armyand Navy 64
Bavarian and WurtembergArmies 64
The Zollverein 64, 65
RIVERS OF FRANCE AND GERMANY.
Rhine 66, 67
Moselle, Sarre, Main, Neckar, etc 68
RHENISH PROVINCES AND STRATEGIC POINTS.
Rhenish Provinces 69, 70, 71, 72
Coblenz 72, 73
Kreuzenac—h 74, 75
Carlsruhe Mayence 75
Thionville, Merzig, Zierck, SaarLouis, Boulay, Treves, Lauter-
• BOURG 76
Saarbruck, Forbach, Metz, St. Avold, Luxembourg 77
BiNGEN, Worms, Mannheim, Neuburg, Landau, etc 18
HOHENZOLLERNS.
FrederickWilliam (the Great Elector), Frederick I., Frederick
William I,, Frederick II. (the Great), Frederick William II.,
Frederick William III., Frederick William IV., KingWil-
liam 1 79, 80
Louisa andNapoleon 1 81, 82
Descendantsof Louisa 82, 83
GERMANY.
—
States, Area, Population, Position Old Germanic Confedera-
tion, Dissolution ofthe Diet, Warop 1866 — 83, 84
North German Confederation, South German Union German
NationalPolitical Unity 85, 8G
CONTENTS. 7
EUROPEAN WARS OF THE CENTURY.
p^^^
Triple Alliance agaixst France 86, 87, 88
Battle of Marengo 88, 89
The New Coalition 89, 90
Battle of Austerlitz 90, 91
Kaval Battle of Trafalgar 91, 92
Prussiaarrayed against France 92, 93
Battle of Jena 93
The Russian Campaign 93, 94
The Peninsular Campaigns 94, 95
The Expedition to Russia 96, 97
Occupationof Moscow 97
Reverses in Germany 98
The Allies in Parts 99
Napoleon's Return from Elba 1GO
Preliminaries op Waterloo 101
The Battle ofWaterloo 102
The Peace of Paris 104
The Eastern Question 104, 105
Danubian Campaign 106
Before the Crimea , 107
The German Campaign 108
Austriaandthe Houseop Satoy 110
European Aspect op the Struggle Ill
The Campaign in Sardinia 112
The Victories of June 112, 113
The Peace of Villa Franca 114
The Schleswig-Holstein War 115
PTrherliSmeivneanriDeasyosf'SWaadrowa - 111176
The Peace ofNikolsburg 118
Treaty of Prague 118
REVIEW OF THE BALANCE OF EUROPE.
BRITISH EMPIRE.
Countries, Area, Population, Government, Parliament, Queen
Victoria, Revenue, National Debt, Army, Navy, etc 119
RUSSIA.
States, Possessions, Area, Population, Government, Imperial
Council, Alexander II., Grand Duke Alexander, Public
Revenue, Public Debt, Army, Navy, etc 122
AUSTRIA.
Cis-Leithan Provinces, Trans-Leithan Provinces, Area, Bounda-
ries,Population, Government, Parliament, Provincial Diets,
Public Revenue, Public Debt, Emperor Francis Joseph,
Venetia and Lombardy, Army, Navy, Armyin War of 1866,
Casualties, etc 124
S CONTENTS.
PAOB
Compromise between Hungary and Austria 127
Naval and Military Fortresses 130
.
SPAIN.
Proyinces in-Europe, Dependencies, Area, Population, Depart-
ments, Communes, Government, Cortes, Deposition and Ab-
dication of Queen Isabella, Regency, Marshal Serrano,
Pu—blic Revenue, Public Debt, etc 130, 131,132
Army Generals, etc , ]32
PNoarvtyif—ieNdavPallaceCshanges since 1861,, etc 113333
BELGIUM.
Provinces, Area, Population, Government 134
Leopold II., Count Philip of Flanders, Princess Maria of Ho-
henzollern Sigmaringen 134,
,
Revenue, Public Debt 134
Army and Navy — 134, 135
Belgian Commanders Lieut.-Gen. Laurent, Mathieu Brialmont. 135
Lieut.-Gen. Baron Pierre Emmanuel Felix Chazel 136
HOLLAND.
Area, Population, Position, Provinces, Dependencies 136
Governments, States-General, King William III., Revenue, Pub-
lic Debt, Army, Navy 13t
LUXEMBURG.
Grand Duchy 13Y
Boundaries, Districts, Area, Population, Luxemburg the Capi-
tal, Government, Present Ruler Prince Henry, Revenue,
Army, etc -. 138
ITALY.
Boundaries, Area, Population, Provinces taken from Austria
ANDTHE Papal States 138
..
Political Division, Government, Parliament, King Yictor Em-
manuel III., Revenue, Public Debt, Military Strength,
Sardinian Law of Conscription, Naval Forces, etc 139, 140
SAN MARINO.
Boundaries, Area, Population, Government, Rulers, Revenue,
Army, etc 141
PONTIFICAL STATES.
Boundaries, Area, Population, States, Government, Pius IX.,
Papal Revenue, Public Debt, Army, etc 141, 142
Decree op Papal Infallibility 143
PORTUGAL.
Area, Population, Boundaries, Provinces, Colonies, Government,
Cortes, King Luis I., Revenue, Public Debt, Army, Navy,
ETC 152, 153
CONTENTS. 9
LIECHTENSTEIN.
p^ob
Area, PopuiiATioR, Boundaries, Prince Johannes IL, Revenue,
Family of Liechtenstein, etc 153
SWITZERLAND.
Boundaries, Area, Population, Cantons, Government, Federal
Council, Council of State, National Council, President of
the Eepublic, Revenue, Army, etc 154, 155
DENMARK.
Area, Population. Boundaries, Dependencies, The ElbeDuchies,
Government, Diet, Landething, Folkething, King Christian
IX., Prince Frederick, Revenue, Public Debt, Army, Navy,
ETC 155, 156
NORWAY AND SWEDEN.
—
Norway Area, Population, Boundaries, Provinces, Government,
Storthing, Lagthing, Odesthing, Revenue, Public Debt,
Arm—y, etc 156,157
Sweden Area, Population, Boundaries, Provinces, Revenue,
Public Debt, Army, Navy, etc. Ejng Charles XY., King
of Norway and Sweden 157
TURKEY.
Area, Possessions, Population, Sultan, Grand Yizier, Govern-
ment, Council of State, Revenue, PublicDebt, Army, Navy,
States which pay Annual Tribute, etc... 157, 158, 159
GLIMPSE IN THE—FUTURE.
Motives and Probabilitie—s of the "War Political Condition op
France and Prussia Idees Napoleoniennes and Germany,
ETC 159, 160, 162
UNITED STATES NAVY.
North Atlantic Fleet 162
South Atlantic Fleet. 162
.,
Mediterranean Fleet 162
Pacific Fleet 162
Asiatic Fleet .- 163
On Special Service 163
Vessels at the Various Navy Yards.
Portsmouth, N. H., Navy Yard 163
Boston Navy Yard 163
Brookdyn Navy Yard 164
Philadelphia Navy Yard 164
Washington Navy Yard 164
Naval Force at Disposal 164
OUR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS TO FRANCE AND GERMANY.
Imports 164, 165
Articles of Import 165
Exports 166
Articles—of Export. 166
Shipping Vessels, Tonnage, etc 167
!!
10 FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR.
THE GERMAN'S FATHERLAND.
DES DEUTSCHEN YATERLAND.
"Where istheGerman'sfatlierland?
Is't Swabia? Is'tthe Prussian'sland?
Is't where thegrapeglows on the Rhine?
Where sea-gullsskimtheBaltic's brine?
noI more great, more grand
Mustbethe German's fatherland
I
Whereis the German'sfatherland?
JBavaria, ortheStyrian'sland?
Is'twhere the Marser's cattlegraze?
Is itthe Markwhere forgesblaze?
noI moregreat, more grand
Mustbe the German's fatherland!
Where is the German's fatherland?
Westphalia? Pomerania'sstrand?
Is't wherethe sand wafts onthe shore?
Is't wherethe Danube's surgesroar?
no1 more great, moregrand
Mustbe the German's fatherland
Whereis the German's fatherland?
Sayhowis namedthat mightyland1
Is't Tyrol? Where the Switzers dwell?
Thelandandpeoplepleaseme well.
no! moregreat, more grand
MustbetheGerman'sfatherlandI
Whereis the German'sfatherland?
Sayhowisnamedthat mightylandI
AhI Austria surelyitmustbe,
In honorsrich andvictory.
noI more great, more grand
Mustbe the German's fatherland