Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3e

1190 Pages·2014·68.85 MB·English

by  Richard Drake PhD FAAA, A. Wayne Vogl PhD FAAA, Adam W. M. Mitchell MB BS FRCS FRCR

GrayA'nsa tomfyo rS tudents,
3'Edd ition
witShT UDENCTO NSULOTn liAncec ess
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2014I.S BN9:7 8-700-20-5131-9
Gray's AnaftoorSm tyu dents
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2014I.S BN9:7 8-1-4557-5898-2
GrayA'tsl aosfA natomy,
2•E•d ition
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GrayA'nsa tomRye view
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2009I.S BN9 78-0-443-06938-3
GrayC'lsi niPchaolt ographic
Clinical
Photographic Dissecotfot rh eH umanB ody
Dissecotfot rh e
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iJ\i LaukaBse,n ning&e Tru bbs
2013I.S BN9:7 8-1-4377-2417-2
GrayB'ass iAcn atomy
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DrakeV,a g&i M itchell
2013I.S BN9:7 8-1-4557-1078-2
GrayA'nsa tomy,
401Ehd ition
ExpeCrotn sulOtn-liannedP rint
Standring
2009I.S BN9:7 8-0-443-06684-9
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DirecotfoA rn atomy
ProfesosfoS ru rgery
ClevelaCnldi nLiecr neCro lleogfeM edicine
CaseW esterRne serUvnei versity
ClevelaOnhdi,o
A.W aynVeo glPh,D F,A AA
ProfesosfoA rn atomayn dC elBli ology
DepartmeonfCt e llualnadrP hysioloSgciiceanlc es
FaculotfyM edicine
UniversoifBt ryi tCioslhu mbia
VancouvBerri,t Cioslhu mbiCaa,n ada
AdamW .M .M itchMeBl BlSF,,R CSF,R CR
ConsultRaandti ologist
Chelsaenad W estminsHtoesrp ital
HonoraSreyn ioLre cturIemrp eriCaoll lege
LondonU,n iteKdi ngdom
Illustrabtyi ons
RichaTridb biatntdPs a uRli chardson
Photograbpyh s
AnseHlolr n
THIRD EDITION
ELSEVIER
CHURCHILL
LIVINGSTONE
ELSEVIER
160J0o hn KennedByl vd.
F.
Ste1.8 00
PhiladelpPhAi1 a9,1 03-2899
GRAY'SA NATOMYF ORS TUDENTST,H IRDE DITION ISBN9: 78-0-7020-5131-9
InternatiEodniatli on ISBN9: 78-0-7020-5132-6
Copyrig2h0t1©52 ,0 102,0 0b5y C hurchLiilvli ngsatnio mnper,i onfEt l sevIinecr.
No parotf t hipsu blicatmiaoybn e r eproduocret dr ansmititnae ndy f ormo rb ya nym eanse,l ectroonrmi ecc hanical,
includpihnogt ocopyriencgo,r dionrag n,y i nformatsitoonr aagned r etriesvyaslt ewmi,t houpte rmissiinow nr itifnrgo m
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mayb en otehde rein).
Notices
Knowledagned b esptr actiicnte h ifise ladr ec onstancthlayn ginAgs.n ewr esearacnhd e xperiebnrcoea deonu r
understandcihnagn,g eisnr esearmceht hodpsr,o fessipornaaclt iocrem se,d ictarle atmemnaty b ecomnee cess.a ry
Practitiaonnder ress earchmeurssta lwayrse loyn t heiorw ne xperieanncdek nowledignee valuatainndgu sinagn y
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responsi.b ility
Withr espetcota nyd rugo rp harmaceutpircoadlu citdse ntifrieeadd,ea rrsea dvisteodc hectkh em ostc urrent
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determidnoes agaensd t heb esttr eatmefnoter a chi ndividpuaatli eanntd,t ot akael alp proprisaatfeep trye cautions.
Tot hef ulleexstte notft hel awn,e ithtehreP ublisnhoerrt hea uthorcso,n tributoorer dsi,t oarsss,u maen yl iabifloirt y
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useo ro peratioofa nn ym ethodpsr,o ducitnss,t ructoiroi ndse,ac so ntainientd h em aterial herein.
ISBN9: 78-0-7020-5131-9
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Acknowledgments
Firwsewt o,u lldit koce olcltievtehlaytn hko wsheoa greed DrM.u rrMaoyr orniDs,r J.o nanMe atsubDarBr.ra i,a n
toe xamienaer ldirearfo tfts h beoo k-anatoemdius­ts,W estbeerrLga,u Hraal aln,Jd i nCguf io,cr o ntributing
catsoa,rn sdt udmeenmtb eorfts h eed itroerviiabelorw ad imagfeotsrh ceh apotnet rhh ee aadn nde ck.
forma routnhdwe o rYlodu.r input was invaDlrBu.ra ubCclreea .w faonrLddo gLaenfe o,r help with images
We'dal sot otl hikaReni kc hTairbdb aintPdta suR li ch­ fotrh seu rfaancaet oomfty h uep pleirm b.
ardsfoonr tshkeiiilntrl u rnoiunvrgi suiadlei ansta o PreosfsEolri zaAbkeestshao nndD rD.o nna fFoorr d,
realtihtaiytsn o otn layf oundaftotirho aenc quisitiont hoeefin rt husiastaincvd asluupacpbroliuretet is q.
anatomkincoawll ebdugatel ,si bose autiful. DrS.a mW isemafnoc,ro ntrisbuurtgiainncgdoa tlh er
Thanmkuss atl sgoot oM adelHeyndeBe i,Sl hclm i,t t imagients h e abdohmeenaa dna ndne dcc kh aepr.ts
ReebccGar uliJoowhC,na seayn,ad l tlh tee aamtE lsevier A.W aynVeo gl
fogru iduistn hgr otuhgpehr eparoaftt hibioosno k.
DrS.ah aNra ss(eesrnii sopre ciraelgiissftto rhrae rl)p
We'da lsloit koet haPnrko feRsiscohrAa .rB du cking­
witthh iem agaenstd e axtna dd dicnrgi taincaally sis
hamo ft hAeb rahLaimn cSoclhnoo ofMl e dicUinniev,e r­
onm odeirmna nggi.
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beucsawee w orkseeadp rayt,de ilstabnyic,nse odem c ases,
B.R oberftoornt heisru ppoarntdc onsttirvuec
thousoafmn idslst,e h earreve a ripoeuosp leg awvlheoo c al
criitsimc.
supporwth,o m we wotuoml adk el imkeeon fit nidoinv idu­
Threa diosltoaagftCyf h seelaan Wde stmiHnosstpeirt al
allWye.' gvrea utlellfyi sttheedhm e re:
and FTohret Ciluisn ic.
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encmeydc raeearsa s cieanntadin se td ucator. (anhdem endmeydl e.g !)
RichLa.Dr radk e AdaWm M.M itchell
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Dedications
Tom yw ifCeh,e rwyhloh, a ssu ppomreta;en dmd y p arteswn,h oh avgeu idmeed.
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Tom yf amitlomy y,p reosfsicoonlalle aangrduo emlseo de,al nstdo m ys tudentbso-otikhfs io ysro u.
-A.W aynVeo gl
ToC aty,Mh ax,a nEdl sa
-AdamW M.M itchell
vii
Thipsa gei ntentiolneaftbl llayn k
Preface
The3 dre ditoifGo rnya 'Asn atofmoSyrt udebnutisol nd ss ummaritzhileno tgci aofnuc,nt i,ao nndd istriobfu tion
thpea satn ldo otkosw atrhdfe tu ure. eacchr anniearlhv aebs e eand dedh,a asan se wfi gure
Imta inttahigeno saa lnsod b jecttihv1eets as n 2odf nd summarihzoiwnm gaoj rs trucst,iu nrcelucdrianngi al
editwihoinalstte h sea me ctoinmtei ntuoii nncgo rpornaetreevse ,n taenrdl eatvhece r anciaavliW teya .l shoa ve
inpfruotm o urre adaenradsd u jstitnhcgeo ntteoan lti gni ncluand eewd figiulrleu sttrhcaelt iinniigmpc oarlt ance
witthh eev olveidnugc ateinovniarlo nment. ofv ascusltarru citnau nrader so utnhdce r anciaav.li ty
Oneo ft hmea ojrf ocuosfoe usar t tenatswi eop nr e­ Anothneerw feiantt uhrieesd itrieolnat tore esv iew
partehd3e dr e ditwiaoscn l inciocnatlTe hnert e.a sfoonr mataelr.Wsi hitlhee ussee sfutlua diyhd asv e ableweany s
thiisst halte arniincn ogn theaxbste coamne imporatvaanitlo anSb tlued Ceonsntu alst oannl ine rients hoiusr ce,
themneo otn liynm ediecdaulc abtuiiton na natomiecdailt tihoaenp proprreivaimteaewt erfioearla scc hh apter
scieendcuecsa gteinoelnlr Wyae.d eawlitt thh cel inicaarllei sattte hdbe eg innoiftn hgac th apTtheiirsn. f ormation
contiennt two w ayFsi.r wsetr ,e evalaunadut pedda teidn cluadnoe nsl iannea toamnyde mbryosleolgfy- study
th"enI t hcel iicnb"o exsc,l inmiactaelri inta hlbe o ydo f courmseed,i cal ccals,iep nhsiycsaitlch aelr calpiyn ical
thtee ,xc tlinicaatlt hecena ds teohscfe h aptaenirdnst he cas,se es-lafsseensqtsu meisot,na snmdo re.
onlirnees coeusra,n di nt hseu rfaancaet yo smectionW.e b elitehvaweti tthh ecshea ntghe3esdr e ditoifo n
Secowneda ,d dedc nleiwn icals otm haattther erae idaelr G ray'Asn atofmoSyrt udeinasmt us cihm provveseridoo nf
wouhladv uep -toe-xdaamtperl eelsa atniantgo miincfaolrt ­h2en d edainthdio optneh atthb eo owki cloln titnobu ee
matitoocn l insiicttauinlaos . av alualbelaer rniensrgoc ufeo srt ud.e nts
Ina ddittiouo pnd atainndgr evistihnecg l inical
contetnhstee, c toinoc nr anniearlvh easbs e esni gnifi­ RichLa.Dr rda ke
cantelxaypn deUdn.d ersttahnedisimpeno gar ntcto mpo­ A.W aynVeo gl
nenotfst hnee rvosuyss tiescm r itfiocsrat lu deantt s AdaW.m M.M itchell
evelreyv Teolf .a cilsittuadtleeen atr nai nnegwfi gure Decem2b0 e1r3
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