Grape seeds: nutrient content, antioxidant properties and health benefits

264 Pages·2016·4.07 MB·English

by  Rodríguez

NUTRITION AND DIET RESEARCH PROGRESS

G S
RAPE EEDS

N C , A
UTRIENT ONTENT NTIOXIDANT
P H B
ROPERTIES AND EALTH ENEFITS

No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no
expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No
liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information
contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in
rendering legal, medical or any other professional services.
N D R P
UTRITION AND IET ESEARCH ROGRESS

Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website
under the Series tab.

Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website
under the e-book tab.
NUTRITION AND DIET RESEARCH PROGRESS

G S
RAPE EEDS

N C , A
UTRIENT ONTENT NTIOXIDANT
P H B
ROPERTIES AND EALTH ENEFITS

JOSÉ MANUEL LORENZO RODRÍGUEZ
AND
DANIEL FRANCO RUIZ
EDITORS

New York
Copyright © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher.

We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions
to reuse content from this publication. Simply navigate to this publication‘s page on Nova‘s
website and locate the ―Get Permission‖ button below the title description. This button is linked
directly to the title‘s permission page on copyright.com. Alternatively, you can visit
copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN.

For further questions about using the service on copyright.com, please contact:
Copyright Clearance Center
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] E-mail: [email protected].

NOTICE TO THE READER
The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or
implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No
liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of
information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special,
consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers‘ use of, or
reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated
and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works.

Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in
this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage
to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise
contained in this publication.

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the
subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not
engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert
assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A
DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS.

Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:27)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:28)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:21) (eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015960806

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Extraction of Antioxidants from Grape Seeds 1
A. Moure, E. Falqué and H. Domínguez
Chapter 2 Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Action of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds 27
L. M. Palade and V. S. Chedea
Chapter 3 Flavonoids Interaction with Gastrointestinal Tract:
Modulation of Enteroendocrine System, Intestinal
Permeability and Metabolic Endotoxemia 57
X. Terra, M. T. Blay, M. Pinent and A. Ardévol
Chapter 4 LC-ESI-FTICR-MS Analysis of Flavan-3-ols in Seeds
of Grape Pomace 85
I. Rockenbach, B. Santiago-Schübel, B. Thiele and R. Fett
Chapter 5 Methods to Evaluate Antioxidant Properties of Grape Seeds 101
M. L. González-SanJosé, M. D. Rivero-Pérez
and P. Muñiz-Rodríguez
Chapter 6 Modulation Effects of Polyphenolic Extracts in Experimental
Arterial Hypertension 125
M. Ciocoiu, M. Badescu and L. Badescu
Chapter 7 The Use of Grape Seed Extract on Meat Products: A Review 157
Daniel Franco, Javier Carballo and José M. Lorenzo
Chapter 8 The Science of Grape Seeds Applied to Health Food Development 181
C. J. Contreras-Castillo, J. P. Cruz-Tirado and L. Din Shirahigue
Chapter 9 Grape Seeds (Vitis Vinifera) and Their Nutritional Value 197
M. Rubilar, C. Burgos-Díaz and J. M. Lorenzo
Chapter 10 Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities of Grape Seed Extracts 211
G. Pasqua and G. Simonetti
vi Contents
Chapter 11 Grape Extracts: Antioxidant Properties in Meat Product 225
G. Nieto and G. Ros
About the Editors 237
Index 239
PREFACE

The grape seed is a by-product obtained from wine industries, which represents a good
source of natural antioxidants, instead of synthetic antioxidants to produce foods with a
longer shelf life. In addition, grape seeds show health promoting benefits in relation to
cardiovascular protection, attenuation of oxidative stress, neuroprotective agent, and activities
on tumour, inflammation, ageing and other degenerative diseases, therefore study and
valorisation of their compounds has a great interest.
This book review and discusses the composition of grape seed, rich source of high-value
fatty oil, proteins and essential amino acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, as well as of macro and
micro elements, thus could use as a food supplement to improve the nutritive value of the
human diet. Indeed the search of a healthier diet has led to food technicians to develop new
products with wholesome characteristics and greater consumer acceptance. Sausages, yogurt,
milk, fruit juices and others can be supplemented with phenolic compounds from grape seed
without affecting the sensory properties demanded by consumers.
In other chapters the aim is focused in phenolic profiles (flavan 3-ol compounds,
catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and procyanidims) by their
recognised health benefits. As their composition varies greatly depending on origin, soil and
harvest conditions, storage conditions, variety, extraction methodologies and concentration
levels all this traits are considered in this work. Different extraction procedures (conventional
solvent extraction, enzyme, ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction, subcritical water
extraction and supercritical fluid extraction) are reported for extraction of phenolic
compounds are described as well as chromatographic assay that identified them.
Also the most important methods “in vitro” (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) and “in vivo” to
evaluated antioxidant capacity are discussed in the book, considering that usually antioxidant
capacity or activity is measured in complex matrix where a lot of different antioxidants can be
present, hence this activity is not due to only one compound. As antioxidants can block
different oxidative agents, positions and reactions, each method is based in different reaction
mechanism, showing advantages and disadvantages respect others.
The book contains chapters dedicated to review the antioxidants properties of grape seed
extract over different meat product as: raw or cooked meat, dry-cured sausages and liver pates
of different species. Taking into account the results, numerous studies proposed grape seed
extract as preservatives in the food industry. In addition, antimicrobial antifungal and antiviral
activities of grape seed extract have been described. These activities together with lack of
toxicity-grape seed extract is generally recognized as safe, according to FDA- suggest that
viii José Manuel Lorenzo Rodríguez and Daniel Franco Ruiz
they could be used for the prevention and control of infection diseases without side effects
making greater potential for this extracts in the field of food and pharmaceutical application.
Finally, two chapters about modulation effects of polyphenolic extracts in arterial
hypertension and in the enteroendocrine system and metabolic endotoxemia are discussed in
the present book. In the first study it has been proved that natural polyphenol extracts will
have increased effectiveness in reducing blood pressure and limiting the side effects of the
major classes of antihypertensive agents used so far as monotherapy. The second research
shows that flavonoids could modulate the body homeostasis acting directly on the
gastrointestinal tract.
The book contains contributions from authors of international repute with great expertise
in their respective areas. Overall, it is a useful for graduates studying food science and
technology and for researchers, scientists, policy makers and professional from food and
biotechnology industries working grape seeds related to nutritional content, antioxidant
properties and health benefits.