Table Of Content

Agur_FM.indd ii 11/10/15 10:31 PM CHAPTER 1 Back ................................................................1 CHAPTER 2 Upper Limb ...................................................63 CHAPTER 3 Thorax .........................................................191 CHAPTER 4 Abdomen ....................................................287 CHAPTER 5 Pelvis and Perineum .....................................387 CHAPTER 6 Lower Limb .................................................467 CHAPTER 7 Head ...........................................................581 CHAPTER 8 Neck ...........................................................721 CHAPTER 9 Cranial Nerves .............................................783 Agur_FM.indd i 11/10/15 10:31 PM Agur_FM.indd ii 11/10/15 10:31 PM ANNE M.R. AGUR, BSc(OT), MSc, Ph D Professor, Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine Department of Physical Therapy, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy Division of Biomedical Communications, Institute of Medical Science Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Graduate Department of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada ARTHUR F. DALLEY II, Ph D, FAAA Professor, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Adjunct Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Adjunct Professor of Anatomy Belmont University School of Physical Therapy Nashville, Tennessee Agur_FM.indd iii 11/10/15 10:31 PM Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Development Editor: Greg Nicholl Marketing Manager: Michael McMahon Production Project Manager: Bridgett Dougherty Design Coordinator: Holly McLaughlin Art Director: Jennifer Clements Artist/Illustrator: Nick Woolridge, Nicole Clough, Marissa Webber Manufacturing Coordinator: Margie Orzech Prepress Vendor: Absolute Service, Inc. Fourteenth Edition Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer. Copyright © 2013, 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. Copyright © 2005, 1999 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 1991, 1983, 1978, 1972, 1962, 1956, 1951, 1947, 1943 by Williams & Wilkins. A.M.R. Agur and A.F. Dalley: Thirteenth Edition, 2013; Twelfth Edition, 2009 A.M.R. Agur: Eleventh Edition, 2005; Tenth Edition, 1999; Ninth Edition, 1991 J.E. Anderson: Eighth Edition, 1983; Seventh Edition, 1978 J.C.B. Grant: Sixth Edition, 1972; Fifth Edition, 1962; Fourth Edition, 1956; Third Edition, 1951; Second Edition, 1947; First Edition, 1943 All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their of cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at [email protected], or via our website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Agur, A. M. R., author. | Dalley, Arthur F., II, author. Title: Grant’s atlas of anatomy / Anne M.R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley II. Other titles: Atlas of anatomy Description: Fourteenth edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identi ers: LCCN 2015042750 | ISBN 9781469890685 Subjects: | MESH: Anatomy, Regional—Atlases. Classi cation: LCC QM25 | NLM QS 17 | DDC 611.0022/2—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015042750 This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work. This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based on healthcare professionals’ examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments. Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional veri cation of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used, or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work. LWW.com Agur_FM.indd iv 11/10/15 10:31 PM To my husband Enno and to my family Kristina, Erik, and Amy for their support and encouragement (A.M.R.A.) To Muriel My bride, best friend, counselor, and mother of our sons; To my family Tristan, Lana, Elijah, Finley, Sawyer and Dashiell, Denver, and Skyler and Sara With great appreciation for their support, humor, and patience (A.F.D.) And with sincere appreciation for the anatomical donors Without whom our studies would not be possible Agur_FM.indd v 11/10/15 10:31 PM Dr. Jo h n Ch a rle s Bo ile a u Gra n t 1886–1973 by Dr. Carlton G. Smith, MD, PhD (1905–2003) to duty during attack,” and received a bar to the Military Cross in Professor Emeritus, Division of Anatomy, August 1918.1 Department of Surgery In October 1919, released from the Royal Army, he accepted Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, the position of Professor of Anatomy at the University of Manitoba Toronto, Ontario, Canada in Winnipeg, Canada. With the frontline medical practitioner in mind, he endeavored to “bring up a generation of surgeons who knew exactly what they were doing once an operation had begun.” 1 Devoted to research and learning, Dr. Grant took interest in other projects, such as performing anthropometric studies of Indian tribes in northern Manitoba during the 1920s. In Winnipeg, Dr. Grant met Catriona Christie, whom he married in 1922. Dr. Grant was known for his reliance on logic, analysis, and deduction as opposed to rote memory. While at the University of Manitoba, Dr. Grant began writing A Method of Anatomy, Descriptive and Deductive , which was published in 1937.2 In 1930, Dr. Grant accepted the position of Chair of Anatomy at the University of Toronto. He stressed the value of a “clean” dissection, with the structures well de ned. This required the delicate touch of a sharp scalpel, and students soon learned that a dull tool was anathema. Instructive dissections were made available in the Anatomy Museum, a means of student review on which Dr. Grant placed a high priority. Illustrations of these actual dissections are included in Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy . The rst edition of the A tlas , published in 1943, was the rst anatomical atlas to be published in North America. 3 Grant’s Dissector preceded the Atlas in 1940.4 Dr. Grant remained at the University of Toronto until his retirement in 1956. At that time, he became Curator of the Anatomy Museum in the University. He also served as Visiting Professor of Anatomy at the Dr. J.C. Boileau Grant in his of ce, McMurrich Building, University of University of California at Los Angeles, where he taught for 10 years. Toronto, 1946. Through his textbooks, Dr. Grant made an indelible Dr. Grant died in 1973 of cancer. Through his teaching method, impression on the teaching of anatomy throughout the world. still presented in the Grant’s textbooks, Dr. Grant’s life interest— (Courtesy of Dr. C. G. Smith.) human anatomy—lives on. In their eulogy, colleagues and friends Ross MacKenzie and J. S. Thompson said, “Dr. Grant’s knowledge The life of Dr. J.C. Boileau Grant has been likened to the course of the of anatomical fact was encyclopedic, and he enjoyed nothing better seventh cranial nerve as it passes out of the skull: complicated but than sharing his knowledge with others, whether they were junior purposeful. 1 He was born in the parish of Lasswade in Edinburgh, students or senior staff. While somewhat strict as a teacher, his quiet Scotland, on February 6, 1886. Dr. Grant studied medicine at the wit and boundless humanity never failed to impress. He was, in the University of Edinburgh from 1903 to 1908. Here, his skill as a very nest sense, a scholar and a gentleman.” 1 dissector in the laboratory of the renowned anatomist, Dr. Daniel John Cunningham (1850–1909), earned him a number of awards. Following graduation, Dr. Grant was appointed the resident house of cer at the In rmary in Whitehaven, Cumberland. From 1Robinson C. Canadian Medical Lives: J.C. Boileau Grant: Anatomist Extraordinary. 1909 to 1911, Dr. Grant demonstrated anatomy in the University Ontario, Canada: Associated Medical Services Inc/Fithzenry & Whiteside, 1993. of Edinburgh, followed by 2 years at the University of Durham, at Newcastle-on-Tyne in England, in the laboratory of Professor Robert 2Grant JCB. A Method of Anatomy: Descriptive and Deductive. Baltimore, MD: Howden, editor of Gray’s Anatomy . Williams & Wilkins Co, 1937. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Dr. Grant joined 3Grant JCB. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co, the Royal Army Medical Corps and served with distinction. He was 1943. mentioned in dispatches in September 1916, received the Military 4Grant JCB, Cates HA. Grant’s Dissector (A Handbook for Dissectors). Baltimore, Cross in September 1917 for “conspicuous gallantry and devotion MD: Williams & Wilkins Co, 1940. vi Agur_FM.indd vi 11/10/15 10:31 PM Re vie w e rs RADIOLOGIC FIGURE CONTRIBUTORS Diana Rhodes, DVM, PhD Professor of Anatomy and Chair Joel A. Vilensky, PhD Department of Anatomy Professor, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Paci c Northwest University of Health Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Yakima, Washington Fort Wayne, Indiana Bruce Wainman, PhD Edw ard C. Weber, DO Associate Professor, Pathology and Molecular Medicine The Imaging Center Director, Education Program in Anatomy Fort Wayne, Indiana McMaster University Ontario, Canada FACULTY REVIEWERS STUDENT REVIEWERS Ernest Adeg hate, MD, PhD, DSc Professor and Chair Todd Christensen College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts United Arab Emirates University Marg aret Connolly Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates Tufts University School of Medicine Jean-pol Beauthier, MD, PhD Laura Deschamps Professor of Forensic Pathology Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Université libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium Kyle Diamond Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine Jennifer A. Carr, PhD Preceptor Dustun Field Harvard University Trinity School of Medicine Cambridge, Massachusetts Tripp Hines Donald J. Fletcher, PhD James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Professor and Vice Chair East Tennessee State University Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Kimber Johnsen Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts Greenville, North Carolina Nalin Lalw ani Doug las J. Gould, PhD University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts Professor and Vice Chair Department of Biomedical Sciences Amy Leshner William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University St. George’s, University of London Rochester, Michigan Garren Low Robert Hag e, MD, PhD, DLO, MBA Keck School of Medicine of USC Professor and Co-chair Milcris N. Calderon Maduro School of Medicine, St. George’s University Ponce Health Sciences University School of Medicine Grenada, West Indies Katherine Morg anti Jonathan Kalmey, PhD Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport Assistant Dean of Preclinical Education, Professor of Anatomy Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Elizabeth Nelson Erie, Pennsylvania University of Utah School of Medicine Randy J. Kulesza, PhD Fabian Nelson Associate Professor Avalon University School of Medicine Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie, Pennsylvania Nina Ng uyen Université de Sherbrooke vii Agur_FM.indd vii 11/10/15 10:31 PM viii REVIEWERS Ryan Ng uyen Richard Stew ard College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Paci c, Western University Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine of Health Sciences Jordan Talan Bethanie Nimmons Tufts University School of Medicine University of South Carolina School of Medicine Cristina Vázquez Ijeoma Ohadug ha University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts Meharry Medical College Benjamin Ying Ming Tan Akshay Patel Loma Linda University Saint James School of Medicine Alice Yu Gabriella Reyes Midwestern University University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts Billy Zhang Aida Rezaie University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts University of Utah School of Medicine Lucy Zhu Kelly Rusko Baylor College of Medicine University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts Jordan Stav University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts Agur_FM.indd viii 11/10/15 10:31 PM