Table Of Content

GRAN DICCIONARIO ESPAÑOL-INGLÉS ENGLISH-SPANISH DICTIONARY Unabridged edition DIRIGIDO Y REALIZADO POR Ramón García-Pelayo y Gross Professor de la Universidad de Paris (Sorbona) y del Instituto de Estudios Políticos Miembro c. de la Academia Argentina de Letras, de la Academia de San Dionisio de Ciencias, Artes y Letras de la Academia Boliviana de la Historia y de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Telmo CON LA COLABORACIÓN DE Micheline Durand Licenciada en Letras, intérprete de Conferencia Profesora de la Escuela Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores de la Universidad de París y del Instituto de Ciencias Políticas Barry Tulett Alan Biggins, Carol Cockburn, Barbara Penick, Della Roberts, Alan Taylor, Gary D. Wright David E. Warham y de Fernando García-Pelayo Pilar Andrés Solana, Trinidad Fungairiño, Elena Real Carbonell, Carmen Warren José Pau Andersen OUSSE LAROUSSE - 17, RUE DU MONTPARNASSE - 75298 PARIS CEDEX 06 AGRADECIMIENTOS AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Adas p. 15, "United States of America - English and Spanish” : From THE STORY OF ENGLISH by Robert McCrum, William Cran & Robert MacNeill. Copyright © 1986 by Robert McCrum, William Cran and Robert MacNeill. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc. and of Faber and Faber Ltd. © Larousse, 1993 © Esta cbra no puede ser reproducida, total o parcialmente, sin la autorización escrita del editor. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Larousse. ISBN 2-03-451351-7 Larousse, Paris ISBN 84-8016-055-1 Deposito Legal: B. 16.342-1993 Distribución/Sales Larousse Planeta, Barcelona ISBN 2-03-420200-7 Distribución/Sales Larousse Kingfisher Chambers Inc., New York Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 93-086201 ISBN 2-03-430200-1 Distribución/Sales Larousse pic, London Printed in France NUEVA EDICIÓN POR LA REDACCIÓN LAROUSSE BILINGÜES NEW EDITION BY LAROUSSE STAFF Béatrice Cazalaá Paloma Cabot Annajené Palat COORDINACIÓN EDITORIAL EDITORIAL MANAGEMENT Ralf Brockmeier Elvira de Moragas Maragall COLABORADORES CONTRIBUTORS Leslie Gallmann Monica Henry Jacqueline Minett Victoria Ordóñez Divi CORRECCIÓN PROOFREADING Jean Jacques Carreras, Pierre Coét INFORMÁTICA EDITORIAL DATA MANAGEMENT Gabino Alonso CARTOGRAFÍA CARTOGRAPHY Dominique Cormier^ Krystyna Mazoyer Catherine Zacharopoulou FOREWORD T he chief aim of the authors of the first such as nuclear energy and environmental stu¬ edition of this dictionary was to address dies appears in this edition for the first time, all those aspects of language confronting whilst the number of entries relating to other users in their daily lives. This radically new ap¬ areas such as information technology, telecom¬ proach successfully catered to the needs of both munications, economics, medicine, biology and the scholar and the general reader. sport has greatly increased. Nevertheless, the aim of this work is not to provide a specialized In order to provide full coverage of a lan¬ dictionary, but rather to record, through the in¬ guage in all its complexity it is essential to con¬ clusion of new technical and scientific terms, sult the widest possible range of texts, and in the ways in which both Spanish and English compiling this dictionary the authors have are evolving as they become permeated by drawn extensively from many sources, includ¬ specialized vocabulary. Other, more general ing newspapers and periodicals of both general terms drawn from contemporary life and cul¬ and specialist nature, as well as literary works ture add a new, fully modern dimension to the by the major authors writing in Spanish and En¬ dictionary. The reader will find in these pages glish. Numerous new entries in this edition bear the familiar, colloquial words and expressions, witness to the many recent advances in science including slang, used in everyday life. The num¬ and technology. Whilst the editors have been ber of acronyms, abbreviations and geographi¬ careful not to sacrifice tradition to modernity, cal names, which appear for the first time in the ample space is given to current developments in main body of the dictionary, has been very con¬ the idiomatic and colloquial use of both lan¬ siderably enlarged. Moreover, the incorpora¬ guages, with particular attention to Spanish and tion of a full-colour bilingual atlas provides the English usage in the Americas, as distinct from reader with a synoptic view of the Spanish and European Spanish and British English. Some en¬ English-speaking regions of the world. tries include special comments where the au¬ thors have felt this to be useful. The result is a There have been a number of modifications reference work which will prove to be an in¬ in the presentation and layout of the text. For valuable tool for the many thousands of users instance, any change in grammatical category who, for purposes of work or study, may wish under a particular entry is now preceded by a to consult this dictionary. lozenge. The dictionary has also been set in a new, clear type which makes it even more user- The profound changes in contemporary so¬ friendly. ciety in terms of the creative media, cultural ex¬ change and communication, are reflected in the We are confident that, like the parent edition, 8 000 new items which have been added to the this revised and enlarged edition will meet with original text. Thus, while remaining faithful to the approval and satisfaction of our readers, the high ideals and quality of the first edition, and we remind users that their comments and this new edition constitutes a comprehensive observations on the dictionary are, as always, and up-to-date reference work, indispensable most welcome. to the understanding of current Spanish and English. Vocabulary from fields of knowledge THE EDITORS PRÓLOGO L a principal preocupación de los autores de del español y el inglés de nuestros días. Algunas la primera edición de esta obra fue abar¬ áreas de conocimiento — energía nuclear, me¬ car en todas sus manifestaciones la reali¬ dio ambiente — aparecen por primera vez en dad lingüística con que el usuario pudiera llegar este diccionario, mientras que otras, informáti¬ a encontrarse en su quehacer cotidiano y pro¬ ca, telecomunicaciones, economía, medicina, fesional, ambición no poco revolucionaria en biología y deportes, ven ampliados sus horizon¬ aquella época. Este nuevo planteamiento supo tes terminológicos. Sin embargo, esta obra no responder a las expectativas de los estudiosos trata de convertirse en un diccionario de espe¬ de la lengua inglesa y supuso un éxito indiscu¬ cialidad; al introducir los nuevos términos téc¬ tible. nicos y científicos sólo pretende dar testimonio ¿Cómo captar la totalidad de una realidad lin¬ de la evolución de la lengua y de su mayor per¬ güística sin contar con un corpus lo más amplio meabilidad y receptividad frente a los vocablos posible? Para la constitución de dicho corpus se especializados. Sin pertenecer a ninguna mate¬ acudió a diarios y revistas de carácter general ria en particular, algunas de las voces incor¬ o especializadas, y a extractos de obras litera¬ poradas confieren a esta obra una dimensión rias de los más señalados autores en lengua es¬ plenamente contemporánea. Ciertamente, el pañola y en lengua inglesa. De los progresos usuario podrá encontrar palabras familiares, in¬ realizados por la ciencia y la técnica dejan cluso de argot, las mismas que puede oír en su constancia los numerosos términos de especia¬ entorno habitual. El número de siglas, abrevia¬ lidad recogidos en esta obra, en la que también turas y nombres geográficos, que a partir de tienen cabida los giros y expresiones coloquia¬ ahora integran el cuerpo del diccionario, se ha les cuyo carácter y sabor propios se intenta con¬ visto considerablemente aumentado. Además, servar en las traducciones. Las variantes ame¬ un atlas bilingüe en color brinda una perspec¬ ricanas tanto del español como del inglés, fiel tiva sinóptica de los ámbitos anglófono e his¬ reflejo de la importancia de la realidad ameri¬ panohablante. cana, ocupan aquí un lugar por derecho pro¬ También la presentación del texto ha sufrido pio. En algunos artículos, los autores ofrecen modificaciones: cualquier cambio de categoría observaciones sobre dificultades de uno u otro gramatical va ahora precedido de un rombo. Por idioma. El resultado de todo ello es una inapre¬ si esto fuese poco, la nitidez de la tipografía y ciable herramienta de trabajo que ha servido a la elección de un tipo de letra de sobria elegan¬ miles de usuarios en su estudio de la lengua in¬ cia y más legibilidad ofrecen una lectura có¬ glesa. moda y agradable. Pero la sociedad de nuestro tiempo está ex¬ Estamos persuadidos de que, al consultar la perimentando una profunda transformación en presente edición corregida y aumentada, los cuanto a medios de creación, intercambio y co¬ usuarios se sentirán tan satisfechos como con la municación. Movidos por la fidelidad a los prin¬ anterior y confiamos en que nos comuniquen cipios de calidad que hicieron posible su éxito cuantos comentarios y observaciones conside¬ inicial, hemos enriquecido el texto de partida ren oportunos. con 8 000 nuevas voces a fin de ofrecer una obra de consulta indispensable para la comprensión LOS EDITORES VIII EXPLANATORY NOTES Order of material to relevant subject matter are provided (see lists of abreviaturas on page VIII of part I and of abbreviations on page V of part II). Where a word has several meanings pertaining to a single discip¬ 1. The material has been arranged in alphabetical order, except line, that discipline is indicated by an abbreviation only once at where two words are equivalent in meaning and spelt similarly. the beginning and the meanings are separated out using | symbol. The latter are entered at the same entry (e.g. estancación; es¬ Search lists are located before words with many meanings, to tancamiento). 2. English compound words also appear alphabetically. For inst¬ simplify use. To find the translation of estar para the user only ance, dress circle is listed as a separate entry following and not need consult subheading 6 of the entry on estar (headed FOL¬ included under the headword dress. LOWED BY A preposition) without having to read through the 3. Variant British and American spellings are indicated (see receding items. The more common meanings are listed at the behaviour). eginning of the entry. 4. No provision is made for regular adverbs, diminutives and 2. Phrases and expressions are placed, in alphabetical order, augmentatives whose meaning is obvious from the stem word immediately ofter the various meanings and are preceded by the (e.g. fortunately). || — symbol. The dash is omitted when there is only one phrase 5. Preterites, past participles and contracted forms are also or expression. listed in their own alphabetical order (see I’m). In the two former 3. Common English verbs that change their meaning when ac¬ instances the user is referred to the infinitive of the verb (e.g. got companied by some particles are printed in boldface in the same pret/pp See get). paragraph preceded by a black lozenge (•♦■) at the end of entries and placed between |. Meanings are marked off with | and fol¬ lowed by phrases and expressions after || — (see the verb to go). 4. By way of guidance to the user on social usage of words and phrases, we have drawn a distinction between colloquial or fam¬ Phonetic transcription iliar but acceptable terms FAM and vulgar or common parlance pop. These abbreviations are placed before the translation if they per¬ Phonetic transcription, in square brackets after the headword, ap¬ tain to the word treated and after it if they apply to the equivalent pears only in the English-Spanish part as, with very few excep¬ word. For instance, the third application of the Spanish word jeta tions, the pronunciation of Spanish is well represented by normal carries FAM to denote its colloquial nature. As a general rule, wher¬ orthography (see chapter on PRONUNCIATION in the Summary of ever possible, care has been taken in translation to reflect social Spanish grammar). The symbols used are those of the International register. Phonetic Alphabet (see table on page VI, part II). Where British and American pronunciation differ, British comes first followed, after us, by American (e.g. schedule). Grammatical information Clarification of meanings 1. The grammatical function of the headword is made clear Where words can assume several meanings each one is defined. using the abbreviations listed in full on pages VIII (part I) and V Parentheses are used for definitions written in the language of the (part II). headword and square brackets for those which appear in the lan- 2. Genders of Spanish nouns are printed in both parts of the uage of translations (see descubrimiento). The same procedure dictionary and English nouns of common gender are translated as been adopted when phrases have diverse meanings (e.g. to get into both masculine and feminine forms (e.g. baker n panadero, sick would usually be the equivalent of «ponerse enfermo» but, ra). Number is indicated only when it differs in translation (e.g. when the reference is to travel sickness, the translation is «ma¬ clothes pi n ropa f sing). rearse»). As well as indications, which should be seen as such and Number and gender are also recorded in the phrases at the end not as synonyms, numerous examples are used. Where examples of entries (e.g. disturbance of the peace alteración fdel orden público) and phrases begin with the same words the latter are entered once except where the word treated has already been translated or only, the variant part following after the word «or» o «o» (e.g. edad where context suffices (e.g. disturbance in the night escándalo noc¬ de la razón or del juicio age of reason; to get o to come to the point ir turno). al grano). Some expressions are not always used in full, in which 3. English irregular noun plurals are indicated at the end of en¬ case the words that can be omitted are placed in parentheses (e.g. tries in the English-Spanish part and Spanish plurals in the other hablando del rey de Roma por la puerta asoma talk of the devil (and part. he will appear)). 4. Words which can assume various functions (adjective, noun, adverb, etc.) are contained in the same article and appear preceded by a black lozenge (♦). Verbs, however, are treated separately (e.g. under right the adjective followed by the noun and adverb come under subheadings while the verb is covered in a separate entry). Additional notes 5. Irregular verbs bear asterisks referring the reader to the Grammar Section which discusses conjugation of modes and ten¬ Additional explanatory notes are provided, in Spanish or in En¬ ses. Irregular forms of English verbs, chiefly preterites and past glish as appropriate, to clarify the meaning of some words further, participles, are indicated where necessary at the end of the entries or peculiar usage, semantic evolution, irregular plurals, irregular in the English-Spanish part. verb forms or any other point requiring explanation (see menor). 6. When verbs, nouns or adjectives take different prepositions in the two languages, an indication is given in parenthesis or in the form of an example (see desdecir). Americanisms In the light of the importance and growing influence today of the English- and Spanish-speaking nations of the New World, nu¬ Differentiation of meanings merous Americanisms have been included in both parts of the dic¬ tionary. The abbreviations used are amer before Latin American 1. Translations of diverse meanings of headwords in all entries words or phrases and us before North American ones. are separated by the symbol || and, in some cases, cross-references