Grammaticalization As Economy (Linguistik Aktuell Linguistics Today, LA 71)

338 Pages·2004·2.41 MB·English

by  Elly Van Gelderen

<DOCINFOAUTHOR""TITLE"GrammaticalizationasEconomy"SUBJECT"LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,Volume71"KEYWORDS""SIZEHEIGHT"220"WIDTH"150"VOFFSET"4">
GrammaticalizationasEconomy
LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday
LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday(LA)providesaplatformfororiginalmonographstudies
intosynchronicanddiachroniclinguistics.StudiesinLAconfrontempiricalandtheoretical
problemsasthesearecurrentlydiscussedinsyntax,semantics,morphology,phonology,and
systematicpragmaticswiththeaimtoestablishrobustempiricalgeneralizationswithina
universalisticperspective.
SeriesEditors
WernerAbraham EllyvanGelderen
UniversityofVienna ArizonaStateUniversity
AdvisoryEditorialBoard
GuglielmoCinque IanRoberts
UniversityofVenice CambridgeUniversity
GüntherGrewendorf KenSafir
J.W.Goethe-University,Frankfurt RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswickNJ
LilianeHaegeman LisadeMenaTravis
UniversityofLille,France McGillUniversity
HubertHaider StenVikner
UniversityofSalzburg UniversityofAarhus
ChristerPlatzack C.Jan-WouterZwart
UniversityofLund UniversityofGroningen
Volume71
GrammaticalizationasEconomy
byEllyvanGelderen
Grammaticalization as Economy
Elly van Gelderen
ArizonaStateUniversity
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany
Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia
TM Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements
8
ofAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences–Permanence
ofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Gelderen,Ellyvan
Grammaticalizationaseconomy / EllyvanGelderen.
p. cm.(LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,issn0166–0829;v.71)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Grammar,Comparativeandgeneral--Grammaticalization.2.
Economy(Linguistics).3.Linguisticchange.
P299.G73 G45 2004
415.22-dc21 2004046405
isbn9027227950(Eur.)/1588115526(US)(Hb;alk.paper)
©2004–JohnBenjaminsB.V.
Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,or
anyothermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands
JohnBenjaminsNorthAmerica·P.O.Box27519·Philadelphiapa19118-0519·usa
<TARGET"toc"DOCINFOAUTHOR""TITLE"Tableofcontents"SUBJECT"LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,Volume71"KEYWORDS""SIZEHEIGHT"220"WIDTH"150"VOFFSET"4">
Table of contents
Acknowledgements xiii
Notesforthereader xv
Listoftables xvii
Part I
Chapter1
Introduction 3
1. Layersandclauses(cid:2)3
2. Grammaticalizationacrossclauses(cid:2)5
3. GrammaticalizationinaGenerativeFramework(cid:2)8
4. Economy(cid:2)10
5. Outlineandmethodologicalpoints(cid:2)13
Chapter2
Economy 17
1. SpectoHead(cid:2)18
1.1 Pronouns(cid:2)19
1.2 Negation(cid:2)26
1.3 D-words(cid:2)27
2. LateMerge(cid:2)28
3. Conclusion(cid:2)33
Part II
Chapter3
ThestructureofCPandtheLayerParameter 37
1. ThestructureofCPs(cid:2)38
1.1 TheClause(cid:2)38
vi Tableofcontents
1.2 TheCP(cid:2)40
1.3 ThesplitCP(cid:2)41
1.4 The‘cartographic’approachandsomeproblems(cid:2)44
2. Cross-linguisticdifferencesinthesplitCP(cid:2)46
2.1 Infinitivals(cid:2)46
2.2 Differencesinfiniteclauses:Topics(cid:2)47
2.3 Doublecomplementizers(cid:2)48
2.4 Concludingobservations(cid:2)49
3. NosplitintheembeddedOEclause(cid:2)51
4. Syntaxandsemantics(cid:2)55
4.1 Factives,non-factives,emotives,andnon-emotives(cid:2)56
4.2 Assertive:Anewtermfornon-factivesandemotive-factives(cid:2)60
4.3 Astructure(cid:2)62
5. VerbclassesinthehistoryofEnglish(cid:2)64
5.1 Domatrixverbsmatter?(cid:2)65
5.2 Thefactthatandit(cid:2)69
6. Thefrequentabsenceof(embedded)CPinIndo-European
andGermanic(cid:2)71
7. Conclusion(cid:2)75
Chapter4
SpectoHead:Theriseofthe(embedded)CP 77
1. RelativesinModE:FromSpectoHead(cid:2)77
2. FromSpectoHeadinOErelatives(cid:2)81
2.1 OldtoMiddleEnglish(cid:2)81
2.2 Thatfromspecifiertohead(cid:2)82
2.3 Theintroductionofanewspecifier(cid:2)87
3. Complementizerthat(cid:1):FromSpectoHead(cid:2)89
4. Thecomplementizerwhether:BetweenSpecandHead(cid:2)92
5. Otherrelatives(cid:2)96
5.1 SpectoHead(cid:2)96
5.2 Nomovementatall(cid:2)99
6. Conclusion(cid:2)99
Chapter5
LateMerge:TheriseofthesplitCP 101
1. FinitecomplementizersinME(cid:2)101
1.1 For(cid:2)101
Tableofcontents vii
1.2 Till(cid:2)105
1.3 That(cid:2)105
2. NonfinitecomplementizersinME(cid:2)107
3. Theleftperiphery(cid:2)111
4. Topicincorporation(cid:2)114
5. Conclusion(cid:2)117
Chapter6
MoreLateMerge:HeadstohigherHeadsandSpecstohigherSpecs 119
1. Fromlexicaltogrammaticalhead(cid:2)120
1.1 NtoPtoC(cid:2)120
1.2 VtoC(cid:2)123
1.3 FromAtoC(cid:2)123
1.4 PtoC(cid:2)124
2. Fromgrammaticaltogrammaticalhead(cid:2)126
2.1 FromCtoC(cid:2)126
2.2 DtoC(cid:2)127
2.3 ItoC(cid:2)128
3. FromSpectoSpec(cid:2)129
3.1 Relatives(cid:2)129
3.2 Adverbs:FromVPtoCP(cid:2)130
4. Conclusion(cid:2)131
Part III
Chapter7
TheIP,VP-shell,andtheirlayers 135
1. ThestructureofIPandtheVP-shell(cid:2)136
1.1 IP(cid:2)136
1.2 TheVP-shell(cid:2)137
1.3 Thecartographicapproach(cid:2)142
2. Cross-linguisticdifferencesregardingtheIP(cid:2)142
3. IPsasreducedCPs;VPsasreducedIP(cid:2)144
3.1 FromCPtoIPtoVP(cid:2)144
3.2 Characteristicsof(CPand)IP-deletion(cid:2)145
3.2.1 DP-RaisingandScrambling:CPsversusIPs(cid:2)145
3.2.2 Binding:CPsandIPs(cid:2)146
3.2.3 Controlandto:IPsversusVPs(cid:2)148
viii Tableofcontents
3.2.4 CliticClimbing:IPsandVPs(cid:2)151
4. Patternsofgrammaticalization(cid:2)152
5. Conclusion(cid:2)154
Chapter8
Changesinmodalsandhave(cid:3)(cid:3):CompetitionforASP-hood 155
1. ModEAnalysis(cid:2)156
1.1 Deonticandepistemicmodals:Preliminaryremarks(cid:2)156
1.2 ModalsasASP(cid:2)157
1.3 Complements(cid:2)160
1.3.1 Perfectandprogressiveauxiliaries(cid:2)160
1.3.2 Statives(cid:2)162
2. Doublemodals(cid:2)164
3. FromVtoASP:Competitionwithge(cid:2)166
4. Modalsandhave:TakingovertheASPposition(cid:2)170
4.1 OE(cid:2)170
4.2 ME(cid:2)171
5. LateMergeandconcludingremarks(cid:2)178
Chapter9
PerceptionverbsandASPect 179
1. PVcomplementsandaspect(cid:2)179
2. PVsinModEandDutch:ASPandv(cid:2)182
2.1 Twokindsofsee(cid:2)182
2.2 Additionalevidence(cid:2)187
2.3 OtherlanguageswithaPVsplit(cid:2)190
3. OEandME(cid:2)193
4. Conclusion(cid:2)199
Chapter10
Aspect:TheTenseAspectParameterandinnertoouteraspect 201
1. Thesimplepresentandtheprogressive:TheTenseAspect
Parameter(cid:2)201
1.1 ModE(cid:2)202
1.2 TheprogressiveinotherGermaniclanguages(cid:2)203
1.3 Fromaspecttotense(cid:2)207
2. ChangesinASP(cid:2)208
3. Otheraspectualmarkers:do?(cid:2)211
Tableofcontents ix
4. Inneraspect:TheE(xtent)Phrase(cid:2)212
4.1 English(cid:2)213
4.2 Dutchverbalprefixes(cid:2)215
4.3 OEprefixes(cid:2)218
4.4 Emarkers(cid:2)220
5. Giorgi&Pianesi:Thedemiseoftheinfinitivalendingandaspect(cid:2)221
6. Conclusionandfurtherresearch(cid:2)224
Chapter11
LateMerge:HeadstohigherHeads 229
1. Fromlexicaltogrammatical(cid:2)229
1.1 N(toA/P)toI(cid:2)229
1.2 VtoI(cid:2)230
1.3 AtoI:AdverbsoftimeasT,ofmoodasM,andofmanneras
ASP(cid:2)231
1.3.1 Temporaladverbs(cid:2)231
1.3.2 GermanicMPs(cid:2)232
1.3.3 OE(cid:2)233
1.4 Ptohigherpositions(cid:2)236
2. Fromgrammaticaltogrammatical:From(Pto)ASPtoMtoC(cid:2)237
2.1 Thelowerto(cid:2)238
2.2 Higherto(cid:2)241
2.3 Adverbsvs.Negation:Specifiervs.head(cid:2)245
2.4 Otheraccounts(cid:2)246
2.5 Conclusion(cid:2)247
3. Conclusion(cid:2)248
Part IV
Chapter12
TheLayerParameterandPronominalArgumentLanguages 251
1. TheLayerParameter(cid:2)251
2. CharacteristicsofPAL/PolysyntheticLanguages(cid:2)252
3. OEas(partial)PAL(cid:2)255
4. TheswitchtoMiddleandModernEnglish(cid:2)258
5. Conclusions(cid:2)259