Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 10 - Glencoe

56 Pages·2000·0.66 MB·English

Grammar and Composition
Grammar Practice
Workbook
Grade 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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ii
Contents
Unit 10 Parts of Speech
10.1 Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
10.2 Interrogative and Relative Pronouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
10.3 Action Verbs and Verb Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
10.3 Linking Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
10.4 Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10.5 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
10.6 Prepositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10.7 Subordinating Conjunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence
11.3 Compound Subjects and Predicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.5 Indirect Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11.5 Object Complements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11.5 Subject Complements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Unit 12 Phrases
12.1 Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.3 Participles and Participial Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
12.3 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12.3 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Unit 13 Clauses and Sentence Structure
13.1,3 Main Clauses;Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
13.5 Adjective Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
13.6 Adverb Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13.7 Noun Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
13.8 Four Kinds of Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
13.9 Sentence Fragments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
13.10 Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Unit 15 Verb Tenses and Voice
15.2 Regular and Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15.4 Perfect Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
15.7 Voice ofVerbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
iii
Contents
Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement
16.2 Agreement with Linking Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
16.4–5 Agreement with Special Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly
17.1 Case of Personal Pronouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
17.2 Pronouns with and as Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
17.3 Pronouns After Thanand As . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
17.5 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
17.6 Clear Pronoun Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Unit 18 Using Modifiers Correctly
18.2 Irregular Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
18.4 Incomplete Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
18.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Unit 20 Capitalization
20.1 Capitalization of Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
20.2–3 Capitalization of Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Unit 21 Punctuation,Abbreviations, and Numbers
21.1–3 End Punctuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
21.4 The Colon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
21.5 The Semicolon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
21.6 Commas and Coordinate Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
21.6 Commas and Compound Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
21.6 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs. . . . . . 45
21.6 Commas with Direct Address and Tag Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
21.6 Misuse of Commas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
21.7 The Dash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
21.9 Quotation Marks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
21.10 Italics (Underlining) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
21.11 The Apostrophe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
21.12–13 Hyphens and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
iv
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.1 Nouns
Key Information
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun names a particular person,
place, thing, or idea; a common noun is the
A concrete noun names an object that can
general name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
be recognized by any of the senses; an
abstract noun names an idea, a quality, A collective noun names a group and can be
or a characteristic. regarded as either singular or plural.
(cid:2) A. Identifying Nouns
Underline the nouns in the following sentences.
1. During the early yearsof the United States,thousandsof settlerstraveled west to build
new homes.
2. Womenand menworked together to clear the land,plant crops,and build homes.
3. Besides this work,womentended the childrenand did housekeeping chores.
4. They prepared foodto use during the winter.
5. They made clothesfor the whole familyand used homemade soapto wash the laundry.
6. A frontier motherwas often the only teacherher childrenhad.
7. Because there were few doctors,womenhad to take care of the medical needsof
their families.
8. Settlersusually lived so far apart that isolationwas a common problem.
9. Sometimes pioneer familiesbecame friendswith Native Americanswho lived nearby.
10. To help fight loneliness,many womenwrote journalsand diariesabout their lives
and experiences.
c.
n
nies, I (cid:2) B. Identifying Noun Types
a
p
m From the nouns you identified in the sentences above,list an example for each type of noun.
o
C Possible answers are given.
Hill Collective noun__f_a_m_il_y_______________________________________________________________
w-
a Abstract noun__is_o_la_t_io_n_,_l_o_n_e_lin_e_s_s______________________________________________________
Gr
c
e M Concrete noun _w__o_m_e_n_,_la_n_d_,_U_n_i_te_d_ _S_ta_t_e_s_______________________________________________
h
© T Common noun__y_e_ar_s_,_se_t_tl_e_rs_,_jo_u_r_n_a_ls___________________________________________________
ht
yrig Proper noun__U__n_it_e_d_ S_t_a_te_s_,_N_a_t_iv_e_ A__m_e_r_ic_a_n_s________________________________________________
p
o
C
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 10,Unit 10 1
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.2 Interrogative and Relative Pronouns
Key Information
Questions are formed with interrogative who whoever whose
pronouns.
whom whomever that
who whom whose which what
which whichever
Who is coming to dinner?
what whatever
Whose keys are these?
The woman who won the marathon is 35.
A relative pronoun is used at the beginning of
Whoever works hardest will get promoted.
a special group of words that contains its own
subject and verb and is called a subordinate
clause.
(cid:2) A. Distinguishing Between Interrogative and Relative Pronouns
Underline the pronoun in each of the following sentences.Then write whether the pronoun is
interrogative or relative.
1. Whofinally auditioned for the lead role? __in_t_e_rr_o_g_a_ti_v_e_______
2. The explosion thatshook the town was caused by an error at the factory.
r_e_la_t_iv_e_____________
3. The barn,whichwas painted red,stood in a field of daisies.__r_el_a_ti_v_e___________
4. Whathave you done to make Angela so angry? __in_t_e_rr_o_g_a_ti_v_e_______
5. Ben is trying to decide whomto ask for help with his biology.__r_e_la_ti_v_e___________
(cid:2) B. Using Interrogative Pronouns
Use an appropriate interrogative pronoun to turn each of the following statements into c.
n
questions.Write your new interrogative sentence in the space provided. es, I
ni
1. Kendall called me last night. pa
m
o
_W_h_o_m__ d_i_d_ K_e_n_d_a_l_l _c_a_ll_ l_a_st_ n_i_g_h_t_?_/W__h_o_ c_a_l_le_d_ y_o_u_ _la_s_t_ n_i_g_h_t?__________________________________ Hill C
2. This is the quickest way to get to the cafeteria. w-
a
Gr
_W_h_i_c_h_/W__h_a_t _is_ _th_e_ _q_u_ic_k_e_s_t _w_a_y_ _to_ _g_e_t _t_o_ t_h_e_ c_a_f_e_te_r_ia_?______________________________________ Mc
e
h
3. These are my sister’s jeans. T
©
_W_h_o_s_e_ _je_a_n_s_ a_r_e_ t_h_e_s_e_?_______________________________________________________________ ht
g
yri
4. I would like to have lasagna for my birthday dinner. op
C
_W_h_a_t_ w__o_u_ld_ _y_o_u_ l_ik_e_ _to_ _h_a_v_e_ f_o_r _y_o_u_r _b_ir_t_h_d_a_y_ d_i_n_n_er_?_______________________________________
5. The Pulitzer Prize is named after Joseph Pulitzer.
_A_ft_e_r_ w__h_o_m_ _is_ t_h_e_ _P_u_lit_z_e_r _P_r_iz_e_ n_a_m__e_d_?__________________________________________________
2 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 10,Unit 10
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.3 Action Verbs and Verb Phrases
Key Information
Action verbs tell what someone or something Intransitive action verbs are not followed by
does, either physically or mentally. words that answer what? or whom? Instead,
they are frequently followed by words that tell
The ball slammed into the catcher’s mitt.
when, where, why, or how an action occurs.
The child dreamed of cotton candy.
I sometimes sing in the shower.
Transitive action verbs are followed by words [sing where?]
that answer the question what? or whom?
Mark Twain wrote with great wit.
We finally spotted our mistake. [wrote how?]
[spotted what?]
A verb phrase consists of a main verb and all
We eventually invited Kate. of its auxiliary, or helping, verbs.
[invited whom?]
The ice was melting quickly in the sun.
He did remember to order french fries.
(cid:2) A. Distinguishing Between Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Underline the entire action verb,including all auxiliary verbs,in each of the following
sentences.Then write whether the verb is transitive or intransitive.
1. Sailboats havethe right-of-way over motorboats.__tr_a_n_s_it_iv_e__________
2. The careful truck driver slowednoticeably in the rain and snow.__in_t_ra_n_s_i_ti_ve_________
3. The Chinese pandas should attractmany visitors to the zoo.__tr_a_n_s_it_iv_e__________
4. Architects begintheir work long before the start of construction.__tr_a_n_s_it_iv_e__________
5. Most of the actors havealready learnedtheir lines.__tr_a_n_s_it_iv_e__________
es, Inc. 6. The new compact disc will arrivein stores tomorrow.__in_t_ra_n_s_i_ti_ve_________
ni 7. The ball landedonly six inches from the hole.__in_t_ra_n_s_i_ti_ve_________
a
p
m
o 8. The scent of fresh sheets welcomesthe hotel’s guests every night.__tr_a_n_s_it_iv_e__________
C
Hill 9. Didyou simply guesson the last question? __in_t_ra_n_s_it_i_ve_________
w-
a
Gr 10. A blues singer doesnot always singsad songs.__tr_a_n_s_it_iv_e__________
c
M
e
Th (cid:2) B. Using Action Verbs
©
ht Underline the verb in each of the following sentences.Then write a more lively verb that adds
g
yri interest to the sentence. Possible answers are given.
p
o
C 1. Jeff walkedhome slowly in the gray January light.__tr_u_d_g_e_d___________
2. The parachutist felltoward the ground.__p_lu_m__m_e_t_e_d________
3. The police car droveby at high speed.__r_ac_e_d_____________
4. During last month’s storm,hail hitour roof loudly.__p_e_lt_e_d____________
5. Those three girls talkconstantly.__c_h_a_tt_e_r___________
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 10,Unit 10 3
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.3 Linking Verbs
Key Information
A linking verb links, or joins, the subject of a become remain stay
sentence with a word or expression that identi-
feel seem taste
fies or describes the subject.
grow sound
The most commonly used linking verb is be in
all its forms—am, is, are, was, were, will be, has Note: Except for seem, these words can also
been, was being. serve as action verbs. If seem can be substituted
for the verb in a sentence, that verb is probably
Other verbs that sometimes act as linking verbs
a linking verb.
include the following:
The soup smelled delicious. [linking]
appear look smell
The chef smelled the soup. [action]
(cid:2) A. Distinguishing Between Action and Linking Verbs
Underline the verb in each of the following sentences.Then write whether it is an action verb
or linking verb.
1. Many people admireAndrew Jackson.__a_c_ti_o_n____________
2. He camefrom the Carolina pine woods.__a_c_ti_o_n____________
3. He eventually becamepresident.__li_n_k_in_g____________
4. Later he builta house near Nashville,Tennessee.__a_c_ti_o_n____________
5. Tourists still visitit today.__a_c_ti_o_n____________
6. The house lookslovely.__li_n_k_in_g____________
7. Jackson grewhickory trees there.__a_c_ti_o_n____________
c.
8. People calledJackson “Old Hickory.”__a_c_ti_o_n____________ es, In
9. To many people he seemeda tough man.__li_n_k_in_g____________ ni
a
p
m
10. However,he wasa man of tenderness,too.__li_n_k_in_g____________ o
C
Hill
(cid:2) B. Using Linking Verbs w-
a
Gr
Complete each of the following sentences by writing a word or group of words in the blank Mc
that follows the linking verb.The words you write should identify or describe the subjects of he
T
the sentences. Sentences will vary. ©
ht
1. Usually our family vacations are____________________________________________________ yrig
p
o
2. That group’s latest hit song was_____________________________________________________ C
3. The chocolate milk tastes _________________________________________________________
4. After making a foul shot to tie the game,Michelle felt___________________________________
5. The temperature of the room seemed unusually _________________________________________
4 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 10,Unit 10
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.4 Adjectives
Key Information
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun and Possessive nouns: Terri’s books, the
limits its meaning. boy’s desk
freezing rain fire exit legal system Articles: a, an, the
There are a few special types of adjectives. Pronouns as adjectives:
Proper adjectives: Maine lobsters, Possessive adjectives: his bike, our home
Irish music
Interrogative adjectives: which car,
Nouns as adjectives: train station, whose coat
biology class
Demonstrativeadjectives: thatjob, thispen
(cid:2) A. Identifying Adjectives
Underline all adjectives in the following sentences.Do not count the articles a,an,or the.
1. An activevolcano destroyed thosetinycountryvillages.
2. Dave loves spicyMexicanfood but dislikes sweet,richdesserts.
3. A Hawaiian vacation can be expensive,especially for a family with manychildren.
4. Bob’stwodogs are friendlierthan hisSiamesecat.
5. A narrowbut swiftriver kept the younghikers from finishing theirtrip.
6. Often characters in Romanmythology were similar to the Greekgods.
7. Thatnewstudent has the loudestvoice in the pepclub.
8. Whichlocker in the girls’gym belongs to youroldersister?
c.
es, In (cid:2) B. Distinguishing Adjective Types
ni
a From the adjectives you identified above,list two in each category below. Possible answers are given.
p
m
Co Proper adjectives__M__ex_i_c_an_,_H_a_w__a_ii_an_,_R_o_m__a_n_,_G_re_e_k_________________________________________
w-Hill Possessive adjectives __B_o_b’_s_,h_i_s_,g_i_rl_s_’,_y_o_u_r________________________________________________
a
cGr Demonstrative adjectives __th_o_s_e_,_T_h_a_t______________________________________________________
M
e
h
T (cid:2) C. Using Adjectives
©
ght Write a sentence using each of the following nouns as an adjective. Sentences will vary.
yri
p
o 1. town__________________________________________________________________________
C
2. California______________________________________________________________________
3. power_________________________________________________________________________
4. water_____________________________________________________________________________
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 10,Unit 10 5
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.5 Adverbs
Key Information
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or I opened the very big door. [modifies big]
another adverb and makes its meaning
I very slowly opened the door.
more specific.
[modifies slowly]
I slowly opened the big door.
Negative words such as not, never, and rarely
[modifies opened]
also function as adverbs.
(cid:2) A. Identifying Adverbs
Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.
1. The archaeologist carefullyexamined the ancient ruins.
2. Anyone who arrived latewas denied entrance.
3. A good surgeon neverstops improving his or her operating techniques.
4. The people in the verysmall crowd applauded loudlyand soonwere generating plenty
of noise.
5. Can meteorologists predict the weather accurately?
(cid:2) B. Determining What Adverbs Do
Underline the word being modified by the italicized adverb in each of the following sentences.
Above each word you underline,indicate whether it is a verb,adjective,or adverb.
verb
1. My brother’s loud snoring repeatedly wokeme up.
adverb
2. Julee worked extremely hardon her college applications.
adjective
3. The algebra homework was terribly complicated.
c.
verb n
4. Robots routinely performmany complex industrial tasks. es, I
verb ni
5. Did Rene orderthe tickets yesterday? pa
m
o
C
(cid:2) C. Using Adverbs Hill
w-
Change each of the following adjectives to an adverb,and then write a sentence using a
Gr
the adverb. Sentences will vary. Mc
e
1. (recent)__r_e_ce_n_t_ly_________________________________________________________________ Th
©
2. (reluctant) __re_l_uc_t_a_n_tl_y____________________________________________________________ ht
g
3. (quick) __q_u_ic_k_ly__________________________________________________________________ opyri
C
4. (wise)__w_i_s_el_y___________________________________________________________________
5. (good)__w_e_l_l_______________________________________________________________________
6 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 10,Unit 10