Grammar of New Testament Greek, J. H. Moulton. Volume 2: Accidence and Word Formation

573 Pages·2000·27.59 MB·English

by  James Hope Moulton

A Grammar of
New Testament Greek
J. H. Moulton,
Volume II
J. H. Moulton
T&T CLARK
A GRAMMAR OF
NEW TESTAMENT GREEK
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A GRAMMAR OF
NEW TESTAMENT GREEK
J. H. MOULTON
VOLUME II
ACCIDENCE AND WORD-FORMATION
WITH AN APPENDIX ON
SEMITISMS IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
J. H. MOULTON
W. F. HOWARD
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Latest impression 1996
Reprinted 2003,2004
ISBN 0 567 01012 0
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PREFACE TO VOLUME II.
AT last, with the publication of Part iii., the second volume of
Moulton's Grammar of New Testament Greek is brought to a
close. The reader may be reminded that before sailing for
India in October 1915 Dr. Moulton had finished the MS of
Parts i. and ii., and had already written the important chapter
upon Word-Composition for Part iii. His intention was to
complete Part iii. with a chapter on Word-Formation by Suffixes,
and to enrich the volume with an introductory chapter on
New Testament Greek, which would lead up to an Appendix
on Semitisms in the Greek Testament. In writing this Appendix
he counted on the collaboration of his colleague the Rev. C. L.
Bedale, a Semitic scholar of real distinction and great promise.
Dr. Moulton died in the Mediterranean in April 1917, a victim
of the ruthless submarine campaign. Mr. Bedale died in a
military hospital at Cambridge on 8th March 1919.
The editor, a former pupil of Dr. Moulton at Didsbury
College, who had also worked under his guidance as a research
student in Hellenistic Greek at Manchester University, was
entrusted with the responsible duty of completing this volume
and seeing it through the press. Part i. appeared in 1919,
Part ii. in 1921. Meanwhile death had removed another
worker whose tireless industry and unslumbering vigilance were
well known to other toilers in this field. How sorely the editor
has missed the help of Mr. Henry Scott may be gauged by
comparing the number of misprints in Part ii. with the few
corrections to be made in Part i., which owed so much to his
careful reading of the proofs. Beyond writing the last thirteen
T
Yi PREFACE TO VOLtJME n.
pages of the Introduction, the editor's responsibility in pre-
paring the first two parts for publication was limited to the
verification or insertion of numerous references and the less
important though exacting labours of proof-correction.
It is in the third part which now appears that the reader
will recognise the immeasurable loss which this Grammar has
Buffered through the death of its brilliant author. Happily
the chapter on Word-Composition can be printed almost exactly
as it left the writer's hands. Every student of New Testament
lexicography will be grateful for this last gift of a great philo-
logist. In passing to the chapter on Suffixes, the reader cannot
fail to notice an abrupt change. No one is more acutely con-
scious of the reader's loss than the editor himself. In all
matters of comparative philology, Dr. Moulton wrote with the
authority of a master. The editor can only claim to have
exercised the diligence of the scribe. He gladly acknowledges
his debt to two writers in particular where many might be
named. The late Karl Bnigmann's compendious Vergleichende
Grammatik has been in constant use, and his Griechische Gram-
motile (edited by Albert Thumb in Iwan Mutter's Handbuch far
Jdassischen Altertumswissenschaft) has been a close companion
for years past. Grateful acknowledgment is also made to
Professor Albert Debrunner, formerly of Bern, now of Jena, for
his useful manual in Max Niedermann's Sprachivissenschaftliche
GymnasialbiMiothek, as well as for his contributions to the
Indogermanische Forschungen. Other debts are freely acknow-
ledged throughout the chapter.
The discussion about the Semitic element in the Greek of the
New Testament has passed into a new phase since Dr. Moulton
projected his Appendix in conjunction with Mr. Bedale. This is
chiefly due to three great Semitic scholars who have challenged
the accepted theory regarding the original language in which
the Acts, the Apocalypse, and the Fourth Gospel were written.
Professor Torrey's brilliant work on the Composition and Date
of Acts appeared in 1916, but the editor first met with it while
PREFACE TO VOLUME IL vii
on a visit to America shortly after the war, when the first part
of the Grammar had already passed through the press. Arch-
deacon Charles had already impressed Dr. Moulton by some of
his arguments in Studies in the Apocalypse, but the exhaustive
examination of the grammar of Revelation came before the
public with the issue of the International Critical Commentary
upon that book in the autumn of 1920. The lamented Professor
Burney's Aramaic Origin of the fourth Gospel appeared in the
summer of 1922. These books have aroused learned discussion
among both Hellenists and Semitists, and the time has come for
a critical survey of this entire field in its bearing upon the
Grammar of New Testament Greek. If some readers are dis-
posed to lament the long delay in completing the publication
of this volume, others will be thankful that it has been possible
to take full account of the most important literature since
Wellhausen's Einleitung, including the revised edition of Rader-
macher's Neutestamentliche Gramrnatik and the valuable linguistic
studies by the eminent Semitist Fere Lagrange, in his Commen-
taries on Luke (1921), Matthew (1923), and John (1925).
Another feature in the Appendix deserves special mention.
When the MS had already gone to the publisher in the spring
of 1927 the editor had the good fortune to read a thesis by
Dr. R. McEinlay, dealing with Semitisms in the New Testa-
ment in the light of later popular Greek. It is to be hoped
that this valuable work will soon find a publisher. Meanwhile,
by the kindness of the author, the editor has been allowed
to insert within square brackets an allusion to this work
wherever Dr. McKinlay has proved that an alleged Semitism
is an established construction in either Medieval or Modern
Greek. The actual evidence will be forthcoming when the
thesis is published.
A word may be permitted with regard to the Indices. Limits
of space forbid the registering of every Greek word that occurs
in this volume. But prepositional compounds will generally
be found by consulting the index under the prepositions, and
Viil PREFAC E TO VOLUME H.
most other words can be traced under the suffix heading. Words
about which special infonnation is given and those which occur
more than once in the book are included to facilitate cross-
reference. The index of papyrus citations has been prepared
with special care. Almost without exception these quotations
have been made from the original collections. For the benefit,
however, of those students who have not access to the principal
collections, the editor has provided a list of all the citations
which can be consulted in the well-known selections edited by
Wilcken, Mitteis, Milligan, and Witkowski.
It now remains to acknowledge with warmest gratitude the
help so generously given by friends. From the first Professor
Milligan has put his great knowledge and experience at the
editor's disposal, and has encouraged him in many ways. The
late Mr. Henry Scott read the proofs of Fart i. with minute
care. Mr. £. E. Genner, Fellow of Oriel, was kind enough to
read the first proofs of Part iii. Numerous footnotes testify
to his learned suggestions, but it would be impossible to indicate
the extent of his ungrudging kindness. He not only discovered
many misprints that might have escaped the editor's eye, but
he also saved him from careless blunders of a more serious
kind. Only those who have had experience of the unselfish
help so freely given by this most accurate of scholars can guess
how deep is the obligation under which both editor and reader
stand to Mr. Genner. Three Handsworth colleagues, the Rev.
Dr. W. F. Lofthouse, the Eev. Henry Bett, and the Kev. C. B.
North, with all their customary kindness, have read through
the page proofs and ensured greater accuracy, and Mr. North
has also helped where the pointing of Aramaic words was in
doubt. It is a special delight to record this assistance given by
one who laid the foundations of his wide Semitic scholarship
under the inspiring teaching of Charles Bedale.
No words can express the editor's grateful sense of the
generous encouragement and the patient forbearance shown by
the publishers, Messrs. T. & T. Clark whose disinterested service