Grammar and Vocabulary for Cambridge First

322 Pages·2016·16.57 MB·English

by  Prodromou Luke.

Grammar
and
Vocabulary
for
Cambridge First
Luke Prodromou
For students preparing for the
Cambridge English First exam
LONGMAN
DICTIONARIES
ONLINE
PEARSON
ALWAYS LEARNING
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
for
Cambridge First
Luke Prodromou
______________________ J
For students preparing for the
Cambridge English First exam
Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world.
www.pearsonelt.com
© Pearson Education Limited 1999, 2012
The right of Luke Prodromou to be identified as author of
this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of
the Publishers.
First published 1999
Second edition 2012
ISBN: 9781408290590 (with key)
ISBN: 9781447903055 (without key)
Set in Whitney and Minion
Printed in Malaysia (CTP-VP)
Acknowledgements
The author and publishers would like to thank everyone who
has helped to develop and revise the contents of this book,
including the following for their invaluable reports on the text
of the first edition:
Eftaxia Chatzoglou, Maria Chrematopoulou, Anna Chrysouergi,
Jain Cook, Konstantinos Giagkoulovitos, Felicity Harwood,
Philip Kerr, Maria Anne Leventeris, Anne Robinson,
Rogerio Sanches, Vilma Sicas, Elsa Silivistra and Emma Tuhill.
Illustrated by Simon Smith
Contents
Introduction 7 ■ Unit 3
44
■ Umt 1 Entry test 44
12
Grammar
Entry test 12
Grammar . !?
3a Modal verbs (1) 46
Present simple and present continuous 14 3b Modal verbs (2) 49
Past simple, present perfect simple, Linking words and phrases: reason
3c
present perfect continuous' 18 and purpose 52
Past continuous, past perfect simple,
Vocabulary
past perfect continuous 21
Vocabulary
have, take, bring 55'
Id for, since, during, yet, etc. 23 Suffixes (2) 58
le Suffixes (1) 26
■ Unit 4
60
■ Unit 2 Entry test 60
28
Grammar
Entry test 28
Grammar
4a Questions, question words 62
Future forms (1): ways to talk about
2a 4b Question tags 64
the future 30
Future forms (2): be going to, present
2b 4c Expressing agreement 66
continuous, present simple 32
Future forms (3): future continuous,
2c Vocabulary
future perfect, future in the past 34
Vocabulary
4d do and make 69
Phrasal verbs: time and change 36 4e Suffixes (3) 73
Prefixes (1) 38 Exam practice 2 76
Exam practice 1 40
3
CONTENTS
Unit 5 Vocabulary
80
Entry test 80 get and have (got) 122
Grammar
Compound nouns 124
Zero, first and second conditionals 82
Unit 8
128
Third conditional, mixed conditionals 84
Entry test 128
f?
wish, if only 86
Grammar
Vocabulary
Reported speech (1) 130
want, expect, love, can't bear, etc. 89
Reported speech (2) 134
Prefixes (2) 92
-ing forms and infinitives after verbs 137
Unit 6 Vocabulary
94
Entry test 94
say, tell, talk, speak, etc. 140
Grammar
-ed and -ing adjectives 143
Time and condition clauses with
future reference 96 Exam practice 4 146
More future forms 99
Unit 9 iso
Expressions of time and preference 101
Entry test 150
Vocabulary Grammar
afterwards, after, until, as far as, etc. 104 Comparative and superlative adjectives 152
Phrases with time 106 Adjectives followed by prepositions 155
Exam practice 3 108 Order of adjectives 157
Unit 7................................ 112 Vocabulary
Entry test 112
Easily confused adjectives 158
Grammar
Compound adjectives 164
The passive: form 114
The passive: use, agent 117
The causative 120
4
CONTENTS
Unit 10 Vocabulary
166
Uncountable nouns ending in -s,
Entry test 166
plural nouns, collective nouns 216
Grammar
Suffixes (5) 219
Comparisons 168
Exam practice 6 224
so and such; too, enough, very 170
Unit 13
228
quite, rather, etc.; linking verbs 173
Entry test 228
Grammar
Vocabulary
Relative clauses 230
Adjectives which are similar 176
Participles 234
Suffixes (4) 179
Exam practice 5 182 Linking words and phrases: contrast 236
Unit'll Vocabulary
186
Entry test 186 Phrasal verbs with get 238
Grammar
Suffixes (6) 240
Adverbs: use and form 188
Unit 14
244
Adverbs: word order 191
Entry test 244
Adverbs: comparison 194
Grammar
Vocabulary Prepositions of time, place and
movement 246
Adverbs: different forms and
meanings 196 Prepositions after verbs and nouns 250
Seeing and hearing 198
it and there 252
Unjt 12 Vocabulary
202
Entry test 202 Prepositional phrases 254
Grammar
Phrasal verbs with put 257
Articles 204
Exam practice 7 259
Determiners 208
Countable and uncountable nouns 212
5
CONTENTS
Word store
■
Living conditions 263 | Shopping 281
■
Social relationships 265 | Food and restaurants 283
■
Friendship 266 | Weather 286
■
Occupations 267 Our environment and the natural world 289
■
Education 269 | The media 292
■
The arts 272 | Science and technology 296
■
Sports 275 | Health 298
■
Hobbies 277 Crime 302
■
Travel and tourism 279 Answer key 305
6
Dntr©ductI©Gi
^[hos book What sort of vocabulary is in this
book?
Who is this book for? The book gives vocabulary special emphasis,
including both individual w^rds and common
This book is for people studying for the phrases. Words which are often confused are
Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) dealt with in the sections which make up the
examination. The aim is to practise the grammar main body of the text, and common sources of
and vocabulary needed for this examination. error caused by words of related meaning are
The book is useful as a supplement to any also considered. There is also a detailed focus
coursebook. It presents and practises key on aspects of word-building in every unit. This
grammar and vocabulary points in an integrated reflects the importance of word-building in the
way. I assume that anybody using this book Use of English paper. The Word Store section
has a reasonable knowledge of and ability to at the back of the book focuses on topic areas
use English up to intermediate level. More and lexical phrases, which the FCE exam gives
advanced students should refer to Grammar particular importance to. A good knowledge of
and Vocabulary for Cambridge Advanced and these phrases will help you perform better in the
Proficiency, by Richard Side and Guy Wellman. Use of English and Writing papers.
What sort of grammar is in this How can I use this book?
book?
There are many ways to use this book. You can
The book covers the main areas of English use the Contents map to look up particular
grammar at intermediate/upper-intermediate aspects of grammar and vocabulary you want to
level and concentrates on areas you need to pass study and practise. The Agenda at the beginning
the FCE exam. Thus there is a thorough review of each unit will show you the contents of each
of tenses together with verb, noun and adjective section. You can use the Entry test to identify
structures. Although grammar and vocabulary which sections you need. Or you may wish to
are obviously important in all the papers in the study complete units, perhaps in the order in
exam, special attention is given to those aspects which they appear. Several options are available
of grammar which are frequently tested in Paper to you, according to your needs.
3 - Use of English. For example, prepositions
following nouns, verbs and adjectives are How is this book organised?
common in all parts of Paper 3. Problems of
The book comprises fourteen grammar and
time and tense are also tested, for example, in
vocabulary units, followed by a topic-related
conditional sentences and after wish, if only
Word store section. There is an Exam practice
or I’d rather, and expressions with time. Such
test after every two units. Throughout the book,
structures are reflected in the grammar presented
there are cartoons which illustrate grammar
and practised in this book.
points and also identify the language covered
in each section. I hope this will make learning
grammar and vocabulary more fun, as well as
more memorable.
7
INTRODUCTION
The entry test The exam practice sections
A typical sequence begins with an Entry test After every two units, there is an Exam practice
based on the target grammar and vocabulary section, in the form of a complete Use of English
of the unit. It consists of twenty-five diagnostic paper, in the same format as in the actual FCE
questions, which will direct you to areas you exam. Each Exam practice section tests your
need to learn, revise or practise in the sections knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of
that follow. The test will give you an idea of your the previous two units. It allows you to revise
own strengths and weaknesses, in particular, what you have learnt, while getting valuable
areas of grammar or vocabulary. Each Entry examination practice. Each paper has the same
test is divided into five parts (each with five score, so you can monitor your progress as you
questions) and these correspond to the five work with different units.
sections (a-e) of the unit. If you have difficulties
Although grammar and vocabulary are presented
with a part of the Entry test, there is a cross-
separately in the units, in the Exam practice
reference to the relevant section where you will
sections they are brought together within the
find all the information and practice you need.
same texts and activities. Thus, there is constant
On the other hand, if you find that part easy, it
recycling of the target language.
may mean that you are sufficiently competent in
that area and you may wish to skip that section.
The Word store section
Since all Entry tests have the same number
At the end of the book is the Word store
of questions (25), you can monitor your own
section, which includes a series of exercises
progress using your total score for each test.
presenting vocabulary in topic-related groups.
These are extremely useful for all parts of the
The grammar sections
FCE exam. Emphasis is on the importance of
Each unit contains three Grammar sections,
common phrases and the way words combine
which deal with aspects of a particular area of
together. The vocabulary items are presented in
grammar, as listed in the Agenda on the first
tables, which are followed by exercises that draw
page of each unit. For a full list of the grammar
on items in these tables and allow you to work
covered in this book, see the Contents map
with them in different contexts. Special attention
(pages 3-6). The Grammar sections contain
has been given to ensure that these exercises are
explanations and descriptions using numerous
lively and informative.
example sentences. Much of the information is
presented in tables, which provide easy access to
Will I pass the FCE exam if I do
the essential details of meaning or use, together
with examples illustrating common contexts. everything in this book?
The vocabulary sections One grammar and vocabulary practice book
Each unit has two Vocabulary sections. There is not enough to make you fluent in English.
is a focus on word-building and lexical items I recommend that you read widely in English
related to particular areas of usage. Phrases and (simplified readers, magazines, newspapers, etc.)
phrasal verbs are also given special attention and, and take every opportunity to listen to English
again, the tables provide easy access to content. (satellite television, film, radio, songs, etc.). You
should also try and speak the language so that
The practice sections „you can use it naturally and easily.
All the presentations in the grammar and
vocabulary sections are followed by Practice
sections. These include a wide variety of exercises
related to the content of each presentation. Many
of these exercises are modelled on FCE exam
questions but others are styled to achieve the
best focus on the language being practised and
provide for a more interesting set of activities.
8
IN I ItODUC rION
The entry test The exam practice sections
/\ typical sequence begins with an Entry test After every two units, there is an Exam practice
based on the target grammar and vocabulary section, in the form of a complete Use of English
of the unit. It consists of twenty-five diagnostic paper, in the same format as in the actual FCE
questions, which will direct you to areas you exam. Each Exam practice section tests your
need to learn, revise or practise in the sections knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of
that follow. The test will give you an idea of your the previous two units. It allows you to revise
own strengths and weaknesses, in particular, what you have learnt, while getting valuable
areas of grammar or vocabulary. Each Entry examination practice. Each paper has the same
test is divided into five parts (each with five score, so you can monitor your progress as you
questions) and these correspond to the five work with different units.
sections (a-e) of the unit. If you have difficulties
Although grammar and vocabulary are presented
with a part of the Entry test, there is a cross-
separately in the units, in the Exam practice
reference to the relevant section where you will
sections they are brought together within the
find all the information and practice you need.
same texts and activities. Thus, there is constant
On the other hand, if you find that part easy, it
recycling of the target language.
may mean that you are sufficiently competent in
that area and you may wish to skip that section.
The Word store section
Since all Entry tests have the same number
At the end of the book is the Word store
of questions (25), you can monitor your own
section, which includes a series of exercises
progress using your total score for each test.
presenting vocabulary in topic-related groups.
These are extremely useful for all parts of the
The grammar sections
FCE exam. Emphasis is on the importance of
Each unit contains three Grammar sections,
common phrases and the way words combine
which deal with aspects of a particular area of
together. The vocabulary items are presented in
grammar, as listed in the Agenda on the first
tables, which are followed by exercises that draw
page of each unit. For a full list of the grammar
covered in this book, see the Contents map on items in these tables and allow you to work
with them in different contexts. Special attention
(pages 3-6). The Grammar sections contain
has been given to ensure that these exercises are
explanations and descriptions using numerous
lively and informative.
example sentences. Much of the information is
presented in tables, which provide easy access to
Will I pass the FCE exam if I do
the essential details of meaning or use, together
with examples illustrating common contexts. everything in this book?
The vocabulary sections One grammar and vocabulary practice book
Each unit has two Vocabulary sections. There is not enough to make you fluent in English.
is a focus on word-building and lexical items I recommend that you read widely in English
related to particular areas of usage. Phrases and (simplified readers, magazines, newspapers, etc.)
phrasal verbs are also given special attention and, and take every opportunity to listen to English
again, the tables provide easy access to content. (satellite television, film, radio, songs, etc.). You
should also try and speak the language so that
The practice sections you can use it naturally and easily.
All the presentations in the grammar and
vocabulary sections are followed by Practice
sections. These include a wide variety of exercises
related to the content of each presentation. Many
of these exercises are modelled on FCE exam
questions but others are styled to achieve the
best focus on the language being practised and
provide lor a more interesting set of activities.
K