Grace and the Will According to Augustine

443 Pages·2012·1.85 MB·English

by  Lenka Karfíková

Grace and the Will according to Augustine
Supplements
to
Vigiliae Christianae
Texts and Studies of
Early Christian Life and Language
Editors
J.denBoeft–B.D.Ehrman–J.vanOort
D.T.Runia–C.Scholten–J.C.M.vanWinden
VOLUME115
Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.nl/vcs
Grace and the Will
according to Augustine
By
LenkaKarfíková
Translatedby
MarkétaJanebová
LEIDEN•BOSTON
2012
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Karfíková,Lenka.
GraceandthewillaccordingtoAugustine/byLenkaKarfíková.
p.cm.–(SupplementstoVigiliaeChristianae,0920-623X;v.115)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-90-04-22533-6(alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-22921-1(ebk)1.Augustine,Saint,Bishop
ofHippo.2.Grace–Biblicalteaching.3.Grace(Theology)–Historyofdoctrines–Earlychurch,ca.
30-600.4.Freewillanddeterminism–Religiousaspects–Christianity–Historyofdoctrines–Early
church,ca.30-600.I.Title.
BR65.A9K3752012
234'.1–dc23
2012004209
Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characters
coveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthe
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ISSN0920-623X
ISBN9789004225336(hardback)
ISBN9789004229211(e-book)
Copyright2012byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands.
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Socratesexplainsthathewhodoesnotdotheright
thinghasnotunderstoodit;butChristianitygoesa
littlefurtherbackandsays,itisbecausehewillnot
understandit,andthisinturnisbecausehedoesnot
willtheright.Andinthenextplace,describingwhat
properlyisdefiance,itteachesthatamandoeswrong
althoughheunderstandswhatisright,orforbearsto
dorightalthoughheunderstandswhatisright;…So
then,Christianlyunderstood,sinliesinthewill,not
intheintellect;andthiscorruptionofthewillgoes
wellbeyondtheconsciousnessoftheindividual.
Søren Kierkegaard, The Sickness unto Death, II,A,2
(EnglishtranslationbyW.Lowrie)

CONTENTS
Acknowledgements..................................................... xi
AbbreviationsofPeriodicalsandSeries ................................ xiii
Introduction............................................................ 1
PARTONE
“NOTHINGELSEDOIHAVEBUTWILL”(386–395)
1. GodAstheGuarantoroftheWorldOrderandtheGiverof
Knowledge(PhilosophicalDialoguesfromCassiciacumin386)..... 7
1.1. HappinessAsDeumhabere(Debeatavita) ..................... 9
1.2. PerfectOrder(Deordine) ....................................... 10
1.3. GodAstheGiverofKnowledge(Soliloquia) .................... 12
2. TheUniverseofWill(WorksbeforeAugustine’sOrdinationAs
Presbyter:387–390).................................................. 15
2.1. TheImageofGodinMan(Dequantitateanimae) .............. 16
2.2. TheOriginofEvilintheWillandGoodWillAsHappiness(De
liberoarbitrioI) ................................................. 18
2.3. TheLoveofGodPouredOutintoHumanHearts(Demoribus
EcclesiaecatholicaeetdemoribusManichaeorum).............. 23
2.4. TheCreviceintheUniverseofWill(DeGenesicontra
Manichaeos) .................................................... 25
2.5. TheAnalysisoftheWillaccordingtoDediversisquaestionibus
LXXXIII1–61..................................................... 28
2.6. GratiaAsGraceinDeverareligione............................. 30
3. PaulineThemes(thePeriodofthePresbyterate:391–395)........... 35
3.1. “IDoWhatIWillNottoDo”(Deduabusanimabus,Contra
Fortunatum,DeliberoarbitrioIII)............................... 35
3.2. TheAdoptionofMenAsSonsofGod(Defideetsymbolo,De
sermoneDominiinmonte,EnarrationesinPsalmos1–32,De
Genesiinperfectusliber)......................................... 45
viii contents
3.3. Augustine’sExpositionsoftheEpistlestotheRomansand
Galatians........................................................ 49
3.3a. ExpositioquarundampropositionumexEpistolaad
Romanos.................................................. 51
3.3b. DediversisquaestionibusLXXXIII66–68;76 .............. 55
3.3c. EpistolaeadRomanosinchoataexpositio ................. 59
3.3d. EpistolaeadGalatasexpositionisliberunus............... 61
PARTTWO
“THEGRACEOFGODCONQUERED”(395–411)
1. AnswertoSimplicianus.............................................. 71
1.1. Romans7(AdSimplicianumI,1)................................. 72
1.2. Romans9(AdSimplicianumI,2) ................................ 75
2. Confessions........................................................... 89
2.1. God’sPresenceinMan(ConfessionesI)......................... 90
2.2. EvilforEvilItself(ConfessionesII–VII).......................... 91
2.3. Conversion(ConfessionesVIII).................................. 93
2.4. “GrantWhatYouCommand,andCommandWhatYouWill”
(ConfessionesIX–X) ............................................. 97
2.5. EternityandTime(ConfessionesXI–XIII)....................... 99
3. OtherWorksfromtheBeginningoftheEpiscopate ................. 105
3.1. TheAnti-ManichaeanPolemic.................................. 107
3.1a. The“MeritofFaith”andtheFulfilmentoftheLaw....... 107
3.1b. AdoptiveSonship......................................... 108
3.1c. TheGiftofLight .......................................... 110
3.1d. GodDoesNotDependonMan ........................... 111
3.2. GraceGivenGratis(EnarrationesinPsalmos,InEpistolam
IoannisadParthos).............................................. 112
3.3. VindicationofGrace(AdnotationesinIob)...................... 116
3.4. CausesHiddeninGod(DeGenesiadlitteramI–IX)............. 118
3.5. GraceExcludingPride(Devirginitate).......................... 124
3.6. GraceforGrace(TractatusinIohannisEvangelium1–16) ....... 126
4. Anti-DonatistWorks................................................. 133
4.1. TheSacramentofGraceandGraceItself ....................... 136
contents ix
4.2. TheCatholicChurchandthe“Columba” ....................... 141
4.3. Persecution ..................................................... 145
4.4. ImpactontheWillandTheologyofViolence................... 147
4.5. TheAnswertoSimplicianusandtheAnti-DonatistPolemic ... 152
PARTTHREE
“THEWILLISPREPAREDBYTHELORD”(411–430)
1. PolemicagainstPelagiusandCaelestius(411–418)................... 167
1.1. InheritedSin(Depeccatorummeritisetremissioneetde
baptismoparvulorum) .......................................... 172
1.2. GodPersuadestheWill(Despirituetlittera).................... 181
1.3. WoundedNature(Denaturaetgratia) ......................... 187
1.4. CanManAvoidSin?(Deperfectioneiustitiaehominis).......... 191
1.5. Pelagius’“Hypocrisy”(DegestisPelagii)......................... 195
1.6. CognitiveandAffectiveGrace(DegratiaChristietdepeccato
originaliI)....................................................... 200
1.7. InfantsMustBearSin(DegratiaChristietdepeccatooriginali
II) ............................................................... 204
2. OtherWorksfromthePeriod411–430 ............................... 213
2.1. TheOriginofIndividualSouls(DeGenesiadlitteramX,Ep.
166and190,Deanimaeteiusorigine) ........................... 214
2.2. TheGraceofSeeingGodandtheGraceofGod’sPresencein
Man(DevidendoDeo,DepraesentiaDei) ....................... 224
2.3. TheGraceoftheNewTestament(DegratiaNovitestamenti)... 228
2.4. ChristianExistenceAsaStrugglewithConcupiscence
(Sermones151–156onRom.7:5–8:17)............................ 232
2.5. TheImageofGodinManandtheGiftoftheSpirit
(DeTrinitate).................................................... 239
2.5a. TheImageofGod......................................... 240
2.5b. TheTurningoftheWillandtheGiftoftheHolySpirit ... 242
2.5c. TheGratuityofGraceandHumanMerits ................ 245
2.6. Attractiovoluptatis(TractatusinIohannisEvangelium17–124) 248
2.7. “GoodConcupiscence”(EnarrationesinPsalmos118)........... 254
2.8. TheDialecticofWillandGrace(Debonoviduitatis,Ep.157,
Depatientia,EnchiridionadLaurentium,Retractationes) ....... 257
2.9. TheEpopeeofGraceandCondemnationinDecivitateDei..... 266