Table Of Content

GRABB AND SMITH'S PLASTIC SURGERY Seventh Edition GRABB AND SMITH'S PLASTIC SURGERY Seventh Edition Editor-in-Chief Charles H. Thorne, MD Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery NYU Medical Center New York, New York Editors Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS Babak J. Mehrara, MD Charles B. G. de Nancrede Professor of Surgery Associate Attending, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Associate Professor of Surgery Assistant Dean for Faculty Affairs Weill Cornell University Medical Center Associate Director of Global REACH New York, New York University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan J. Peter Rubin, MD UPMC Endowed Professor and Chair, Department of Arun K. Gosain, MD Plastic Surgery Division Head, Plastic Surgery Professor of Bioengineering Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Director, Life After Weight Loss Body Contouring Professor of Plastic Surgery Program Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Chicago, Illinois Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Geoffrey C. Gurtner, MD ScoH l. Spear, MD Professor, Department of Surgery Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Stanford, California Washington, District of Columbia • .. Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams &W ilkins II Health Philadelphia· Baltimo·re ·New York· Lo:ndon Buenos Aires· Hong Kong· Sydney· Tokyo Acquisitions Editor: Keith Donnellan Product Manager: Brendan Huffman Production Project Manager: David Orzechowski Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh Marketing Manager: Lisa Lawrence Design Coordinator: Holly McLaughlin Production Service: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com 6th edition ©2007 by Lippincott Williams & Wllkins, a Wolters Kluwer business 5th edition ©1997 by Lippincott-Raven Publishers Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quota tions embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grabb and Smith's plastic surgery.-Seventh edition I editor-in-chief, Charles H. Thome; editors, Kevin C. Chung, Arun Gosain, Geoffrey C. Gurtner, Babak Joseph Mehrara, J. Peter Rubin, Scott L. Spear. p.;cm. Plastic surgery Preceded by Grabb and Smith's plastic surgery I editor-in-chief, Charles H. Thorne ... [et al.] ; editors Robert W. Beasley ... [et al.]. 6th ed. 2007. Includes bibliographical rekrences and index. ISBN 978-1-4511-0955-9 I. Thorne, Charles, 1952-editor of compilation. II. Chung, Kevin C., editor of compilation. III. Gosain, Arun, editor of compilation. IV. Guntner, Geoffrey C., editor of compilation. V. Mehrara, Babak Joseph, editor of compilation. VI. Title: Plastic surgery. [DNLM: 1. Reconstructive Surgical Procedures. 2. Cosmetic Techniques. 3. Surgery, Plastic. W0600] RD118 617.9'5-dc23 2013017779 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638- 3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LW W.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. To our patients who have inspired, humbled, frustrated, and taught us, and without whom this book would have no reason to exist. --Charles H. Thorne, MD David M. Adelman, MD, PhD Scott P. Bartlett, MD Assistant Profeuor ProkNo;Dep~mt~S~ery Department of Plastic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery Houston, 'Thxas Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PeMsylvaoia Jamil Ahmad, MD Fritz E. Bart.n, Jr., MD Staff Plastic Surgeon The Plastic Surgery Clinic ProkNo; Plastic Surgery Mississauga, Ontario Univeraity of Texas Soutlrwestun Medical Center Dallas, Texas AIS. Aly, MD Nichalas Bastidas, MD Profeuor Ae&thet.ic & Plastic Surgery Institute Attmding Physician Univeraity of California Irvine North Shore-Uj Health System Orange, California New York, New York Katerina Anuli, MD, MRCS Bruce S. Iauer, MD CliDical Fellow CliDical Professor of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University ~Chicago, Pritzker School ~Medicine Guy's and StThomas' NHS Trust Chicago, Dlinois London, United KiDgdom Chief, Division of Plastic and ~tructive Surgery North Shore University Health System Mark W. Ashtan, MD Highland Park, Illinois Head, Rb::oD.Structive Plastic Surgery Michael S. leckenstein, MD Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria, Australia Alabama Breast Surgery Center Binninglwn, Alabama Christapher E. Allinger, MD Keith M. Blechman, MD Profe.ooor, Department of Plastic Surgery Georgetown University Chief R.esidmt Washington, District of Columbia Institute for Reconstructive Plastic Surgery New York University School of Medicine Kocli Azari, MD New York, New York Associate Professor George C. Bahle Ill, DDS Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Division of Plastic Surgery Implant & Proslhodontic Associates David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Los Angeles, California James P. Bradley, MD Sl8phen B. Baker, MD, DDS ProkNo; Sarnat Chair Profe.ooor and Program Director Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Plastic Surgery University of California, Los Angeles Georgetown University Hospibll Los Angeles, California Washington, District of Columbia Gerald lrandacher, MD Co-Director Craniofacial Anomalies Program Associate Professor INOVA Fairfax Hospital for Children Depattment ~Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Falls Church, Vuginia Johns Hopkins University School ~Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Karim Bakri, MD Danald W. luck II, MD Chief Resident Division of Plastic S~y Division of Plastic & R«onstructive Surgery Mayo Clinic Nortlrwestun University Rochester, Minnesota Chicago, Dlinois Contributing Authors Vll Louis P. Bucky, MD Daniel J. Ceradini, MD Clinical Professor Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Department of Plastic Surgery University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine New York University School of Medicine Chief of Plastic Surgery Chief of Plastic Surgery Pennsylvania Hospital Manhattan Veterans Administration Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York, New York Due T. Bui, MD Beniamin Chang, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery Department of Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Director, Reconstructive Breast Surgery The Perelman School of Medicine at the University Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Pennsylvania Stony Brook School of Medicine Attending Surgeon Stony Brook, New York Division of Plastic Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Renee M. Burke, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Plastic Surgeon James Chang, MD Department of Surgery Good Shepherd Hospital Professor, Departments of Surgery (Plastic Surgery) Barrington, Illinois & Orthopaedic Surgery Plastic Surgeon Stanford University Medical Center Chicago Aesthetic Surgery Institute Chief, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Rosemont, lllinois Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto, California Mary C. Burns, OTR/1., CHT Johnny T. Chang, MD, MSME Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Brown Medical School Certified Hand Therapist Providence, Rhode Island Division of Plastic Surgery Southern Dlinois University School of Medicine Hand Therapy Center David W. Chang, MD Springfield, Illinois Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Chartes E. Butler, MD Houston, Texas Professor with Tenure Department of Plastic Surgery Harvey Chim, MBBS The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Chief Resident, Plastic Surgery Houston, Texas Case School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio Dominick Cannavo, MD New York, New York Manhew S.S. Choi, MD Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery Joseph N. Carey, MD Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Assistant Professor Hanyang University College of Medicine Division of Plastic Surgery Seoul, South Korea University of Southern California Chief, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chief, Plastic Surgery Hanyang University Guri Hospital LAC + USC Medical Center Guri, Gyunggi-do, South Korea Los Angeles, California J. Guilherme Christiano, MD Brian T. Carlsen, MD Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Division of Plastic Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery University of Rochester Mayo Clinic Rochester, New York Rochester, Minnesota Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS Grant W. Cartson, MD Charles B. G. de Nancrede Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Emory University Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Wadley R. Glenn Professor of Surgery, Chief of the Division of Assistant Dean for Faculty Affairs Plastic Surgery Associate Director of Global REACH Emory University Hospital University of Michigan Medical School Atlanta, Georgia Ann Arbor, Michigan vw Contributing Authors Mark W. Clemens, MD MaHhias B. Donelan, MD ~s~tantPro~sor Chief, Plastic Surgery Department of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery MD Anderson Cancer Center Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston Houston, Texas ~sociate Clinical Professor of Surgery Harvard Combined Plastic Surgery Residency Mark A. Codner, MD Training Program ~s~tantPro~sor Harvard Medical School Department of Plastic Surgery Boston, Massachusetts Emory University Susan E. Downey, MD Atlanta, Georgia ~sociate Clinical Professor Stephen H. Colbert, MD Department of Surgery (Plastic) ~s~tantPro~sor I<eck University of Southern California School of Medicine Department of Surgery Los Angeles, California University of Missouri Head, Hand & Microsurgery Gregory A. Dumanian, MD Division of Plastic Surgery Professor of Surgery University of Missouri Health Care Division of Plastic: Surgery Columbia, Missouri Chief of Plastic: Surgery Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine Damon S. Cooney, MD, PhD Chicago, lllinois ~s~tant Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Anthony Echo, MD Baltimore, Maryland dinical Instructor Peter G. Cordeiro, MD Division of Plastic Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Chief, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Palo Alto, California Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York Cherry L. Estilo, DMD Russell J. CorleH, MD Associate Attending Department of Surgery Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Research Unit Assistant Attending Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Department of Surgery University of Melbourne New York Presbyterian Hospital/Cornell Melbourne, Australia New York, New York Catherine M. Curtin, MD Derek Flekher, MD Staff Physician Resident, Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Palo Alto Veterans Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ~mtant Professor Division of Plastic Surgery Robert D. Galiano, MD Stanford University Assistant Professor Palo Alto, California Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery Daniel Alexander Del Vecchio, MD, MBA Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, lllinois ~sociate Clinical Staff Department of Surgery Mary K. Gingrass, MD Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Clinical Professor Boston, Massachusetts Department of Plastic Surgery Christopher A. Derderian, MD Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee ~mtant Professor Department of Plastic Surgery Chad R. Gordon, DO UT Southwestern Medical Center Pediatric and Craniofacial Surgery Assistant Professor Children's Medical Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Dallas, Texas dinical Director, Face Transplant Program The Johns Hopkins Hospital Joseph J. Disa, MD Baltimore, Maryland Attending Physician Arun K. Gosain, MD Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Division Head, Plastic Surgery Pro~sor of Surgery Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Surgery Professor of Plastic: Surgery Wiell Cornell College of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine New York, New York Chicago, lllinois

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Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery has long been considered the premier reference for plastic surgery residents and practitioners. So it should be no surprise that for this 7th edition major steps have been taken to completely revise and refresh its content. As always, this single-volume refer