Governance in the Extractive Industries: Power, Cultural Politics and Regulation PDF
Preview Governance in the Extractive Industries: Power, Cultural Politics and Regulation
Governance in the Extractive Industries Greater understanding of the forms and consequences of investment and disinvestment in the extractive industries is required as a result of capitalist expansion, recent declines in global commodity prices, and claims that extractive sector projects, especially in the global south, are poverty reduction projects. This book explores emergent forms of governance in mining and extractive industry projects around the world. Chapters examine efforts to govern extractive activities across multiple political scales, through intermediaries, instruments, technologies, discourses, and infrastructures. The contributions analyse how multiple micro-processes of rule reverberate through societies to shape the material conditions of everyday life but also politics, social relations, and subjectivities in extractive economies. Detailed case studies are included from Africa (Chad, Nigeria, Rwanda, and São Tomé and Príncipe), Latin America (Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru), and the UN Climate Conference. Lori Leonardis a Professor in the Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University, USA. Siba N. Grovoguiis a Professor in the Africana Studies and Research Center at Cornell University, USA. Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development African Artisanal Mining from the Inside Out Access, norms and power in Congo’s gold sector Sarah Geenan Mountain Movers Mining, sustainability and the agents of change Daniel M. Franks Responsible Mining Key concepts for industry integrity Sara Bice Mining in Latin America Critical Approaches to the New Extraction Edited by Kalowatie Deonandan and Michael L. Dougherty Industrialising Rural India Land, policy, resistance Edited by Kenneth Bo Nielsen and Patrik Oskarsson Governance in the Extractive Industries Power, cultural politics and regulation Edited by Lori Leonard and Siba N. Grovogui www.routledge.com/series/REISD Governance in the Extractive Industries Power, Cultural Politics and Regulation Edited by Lori Leonard and Siba N. Grovogui First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 selection and editorial matter, L. Leonard and S. Grovogui; individual chapters, the contributors. The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has beeen requested ISBN: 978-0-415-78688-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-22657-6 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon, UK Contents List of contributors vii Acknowledgments x Introduction: governing in the extractive industries 1 LORI LEONARD AND SIBA N. GROVOGUI PART I Legal, socio-political and institutional contexts of extraction 15 1 Tendencies in tension: resource governance and social contradictions in contemporary Bolivia 17 TOM PERREAULT 2 Mining, criminalization, and the right to protest: everyday constructions of the post-neoliberal Ecuadorian state 39 EMILY BILLO 3 Preserving illusions: the rule of law and legitimacy under the Chad Pipeline Project 57 SIBA N. GROVOGUI PART II Contested imaginaries and claims to resources 75 4 “We own this oil”: artisanal refineries, extractive industries, and the politics of oil in Nigeria 77 OMOLADE ADUNBI 5 Converting threats to power: methane extraction in Lake Kivu, Rwanda 95 KRISTIN DOUGHTY vi Contents 6 A politics of the public sphere: ENGOs and oil companies in the international climate negotiations, 1987–2001 115 SIMONE PULVER PART III Expertise and informational economies 147 7 Preventing the resource curse: ethnographic notes on an economic experiment 149 GISA WESZKALNYS 8 Illness, compensation, and claims for justice: lessons from the Choropampa mercury spill 176 FABIANA LI 9 Wars of words: experts, oil, and environmental governance in Chad 195 LORI LEONARD 10 Post-script: mapping neo-extractive frontiers across Africa and Latin America 213 BRENDA CHALFIN Index 220 Contributors Omolade Adunbi is Associate Professor in the Department of Afroamerican and African Studies (DAAS) and Faculty Associate in the Program in the Environment and in the Human Rights Program at the University of Michigan. He is a political anthropologist whose interests include natural resource extraction, governance, human and environmental rights, trans - national institutions, multinational corporations, and the post-colonial state. He is the author of Oil Wealth and Insurgency in Nigeria (Indiana University Press, 2015). His current research focuses on the growing interest of China in Africa’s natural resources and its interrelatedness with infrastructural projects. He teaches courses on transnationalism, globalization, violence, human and environmental rights, the post-colonial state, social theory, resource distribution and contemporary Africa, and culture and politics. Emily Billo is Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at Goucher College. She is a feminist geographer whose research focuses on resource governance and development in Ecuador. Her research examines the relationships between the Ecuadorian state, multinational oil companies, indigenous communities, and Corporate Social Responsibility programs in Ecuador’s northern Amazon region. Her work has been published in Geoforum, Progress in Human Geography, and Gender, Place & Culture. Her current research investigates the criminalization of environmental protests, a violent strategy of repression carried out by the post-neoliberal Ecuadorian state as part of state-led mining operations. Brenda Chalfin is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Center for African Studies at the University of Florida. Bringing together cultural anthropology, geography, and political economy to establish new analytic points of entry to understanding political life in contemporary African states, her work addresses the complex functioning of national boundaries and frontiers, the popular production of infrastructure and urban public goods, non-territorial and maritime sovereignty, and the changing political valence of natural resource extraction in the context of late-capitalism. Her publications include Shea Butter Republic: State Power, Global Markets, and the Making of an Indigenous Commodity(Routledge, 2004), Neoliberal Frontiers: viii Contributors An Ethnography of Sovereignty in West Africa (University of Chicago Press, 2010), and “Governing Off-shore Oil: Mapping Maritime Political Space in Ghana and the Western Gulf of Guinea,” South Atlantic Quarterly, 2015. Kristin Doughty is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at University of Rochester. She is the author of Remediation in Rwanda: Grassroots Legal Forums (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) that examines how Rwandans navigated the combination of harmony and punishment in local courts purportedly designed to rebuild the social fabric in the wake of the 1994 genocide. She is currently conducting ethnographic research on the cultural politics of energy and unity in post-genocide Rwanda, with a focus on methane extraction in Lake Kivu. Siba N’Zatioula Grovogui is Professor of Africana Studies at Cornell University and was previously Professor of International Relations Theory and Law at The Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of Sovereigns, Quasi-Sovereigns, and Africans: Race and Self-determination in International Law (University of Minnesota Press, 1996) and Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy: Memories of International Institutions and Order (Palgrave, 2006). He is from Guinea, where he attended law school before serving as law clerk, judge, and legal counsel for the National Commission on Trade, Agreements, and Protocols. He is currently working on two manuscripts: Otherwise Human: Humanitarian Discourses and their Subjectsand Future Anterior: The International, Past and Present. Lori Leonard is Associate Professor in the Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University and Director of the Polson Institute for Global Development. She is the author of Life in the Time of Oil: A Pipeline and Poverty in Chad (Indiana University Press, 2016), which is based on 12 years of ethnographic fieldwork around an oil pipeline project in Chad that the World Bank described as a “model” extractive industry project. Her research interests span medical anthropology, environmental studies, and gender studies. She teaches courses on gender and global economic integra - tion, the sociology of waste, and ethnographic fieldwork. Fabiana Li is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Manitoba. She is the author ofUnearthing Conflict: Corporate Mining, Activism, and Expertise in Peru (Duke University Press, 2015), that is based primarily on fieldwork in communities neighboring Peru’s largest gold mine. Her work has also been published in edited collections on Corporate Social Responsibility and the anthropology of water. She teaches course on cultural anthropology, social theory, globalization, and the environment. Tom Perreault is Professor of Geography at Syracuse University. His research and teaching focus is on political ecology and environmental justice. His work examines resource extraction, water governance, rural livelihoods, indigenous/campesino social movements, and agrarian political economy in Contributors ix the Andean region. He is author of over 50 journal articles and book chapters; editor of Minería, Agua y Justicia Social: Experiencias Comparativas de Perú y Bolivia (Cusco: Centro Bartolomé de las Casas. and La Paz: PIEB, 2014); and lead editor (with Gavin Bridge and James McCarthy) of the Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology (London: Routledge, 2015). He has been awarded three Fulbright grants, and has been visiting scholar at the Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá, Colombia), and Universidad Católica del Norte (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile). Simone Pulveris Associate Professor of Environmental Studies and Director of the Interdepartmental PhD Emphasis in Environment and Society at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her research focuses on the intersection of economic action and environmental harm and seeks to integrate theoretical frameworks relating to global governance and economic and environmental sociology. She was previously the Joukowsky Assistant Research Professor at Brown University’s Watson Institute for International Studies with a joint appointment in the Center for Environmental Studies. Gisa Weszkalnysis Assistant Professor in Anthropology at the London School of Economics. She is the author of Berlin, Alexanderplatz: Transforming Place in a Unified Germany (Berghahn, 2010) and co-editor of Elusive Promises: Planning in the Contemporary World (Berghahn, 2013). Her current research explores speculations, expectations, and fears regarding future oil extraction in São Tomé and Príncipe, an emergent oil economy in the Gulf of Guinea.
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