Governance in South, Southeast, and East Asia: Trends, Issues and Challenges PDF
Preview Governance in South, Southeast, and East Asia: Trends, Issues and Challenges
Public Administration, Governance and Globalization Volume 15 Series Editor Ali Farazmand Florida Atlantic University Fort Lauderdale Florida USA The aim of Public Administration, Governance and Globalization (PAGG) is to publish primary research and theoretical contributions as well as practical reports on fieldwork to help advance the knowledge and understanding about public, non- profit, private, and non governmental organizations and institutions. The gover- nance, administration, and management of these organizations at local, national, regional, and international levels will be discussed in the context of this age of rapid change and globalization. This series on public management offers original materi- als that contribute to our better understanding of the critical issues as well as routine processes of governance and public administration, now more than ever because of the intricate forces of globalization that affect almost every nation-states and their policy choices at all jurisdictions across the world. The series covers a wide range of topics that address the key issues of interest to scholars, educators, practitioners, and policymakers in public administration capacities around the globe. Books in the series could be research monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, reference volumes or handbooks. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8656 Ishtiaq Jamil • Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Editors Governance in South, Southeast, and East Asia Trends, Issues and Challenges 1 3 Editors Ishtiaq Jamil Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Department of Administration and Department of Political Science and Organization Theory Sociology University of Bergen North South University Bergen, Norway Dhaka Bangladesh Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman Department of Public Administration University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh PPG Program, North South University Dhaka Bangladesh Public Administration, Governance and Globalization ISBN 978-3-319-15217-2 ISBN 978-3-319-15218-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15218-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015936034 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are e xempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Several chapters in this book were first published in a special issue of the journal Public Organization Review (POR, December 2013). As well as containing revised versions of some of these texts, the book contains several new texts. The book therefore addresses a wide scope of contemporary policy and governance issues in South, Southeast and East Asia. In the chapters, the issues are addressed from the angle of specific countries and through comparative studies of several countries (naturally, not all the Asian countries are discussed). Furthermore, the issues are researched using several theoretical perspectives and methods. Many of the chap- ters were presented at the conference “Governance and Public Policy in South and South East Asia”, which was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh and organized by the Mas- ter in Public Policy and Governance program at North South University. Governance is a highly contested concept and the discourse on it encompasses a wide range of issues. Governance can include top-down administrative practices prescribed by national authorities or by transnational and multilateral institutions, but also inclusive practices that allow for greater representativeness and participa- tion by more than just government actors. Sometimes governance practices involve central-state steering or the building of state capacity to arrest the hollowing out of the state; in other contexts the practices may involve decentralizing state power and setting up partnerships with non-governmental actors. The regions of South, Southeast, and East Asia provide interesting cases to study from governance and policy perspectives because of their diverse nature, not only in terms of size, culture, and geography, but also due to socio-political and economic developments. Some have been very efficient in using state initiatives, combin- ing them with market mechanisms to promote rapid economic development. The Southeast and East Asian nations have been in the forefront of rapid economic de- velopment, with China following closely on their heels. The South Asian case, how- ever, presents a puzzle: despite high economic growth, these countries fare poorly on most governance indicators. They display weak redistribution of wealth and thus are failing to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. As a result of weak gov- ernance, South Asia’s citizens suffer from a lack of security and safety, and human development has been poor. Generalized trust in society is weak, and citizens’ trust in some public institutions has been low. This has negatively affected the prospect v vi Preface of inclusive and representative governance. South Asian civil-service organizations present a case where politicization has caused neutrality, representativeness, and the quality of government to deteriorate. The chapters in this volume focus on a number of challenging issues ranging from the paradox of good governance, trust in public institutions, administrative re- forms, network governance, women in public administration, and the World Bank’s worldwide governance indicators and their implications for human development. The book is a result of scholarly networks that have developed over a number of years. The networks, which have contributed to building North-South and South- South collaborations, have spawned numerous research projects, publications, con- ferences, and seminars. In this regard, there are several institutions and individuals to whom we owe deep debts of gratitude. We would like to thank the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) for generously supporting pro- grams such as the Norwegian Program for Development, Research and Education (NUFU), Norad’s Program for Master Studies (NOMA) and now the Norwegian Program for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Devel- opment (NORHED). This support has been crucial for bringing together scholars from the North and South, all of whom have contributed to the capacity building of higher institutions of learning, especially in the areas of teaching, research, and knowledge dissemination. We would like to thank our colleagues and friends at University of Bergen in Norway, Tribhuvan University in Nepal, North South Uni- versity in Bangladesh, and University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka for the coopera- tion and support that led to building North-South as well as South-South academic networks. These networks now also extend to Southeast and East Asian regions. All who are involved in the collegial networks share an interest in governance and policy issues, both in terms of conducting research as well as sharing findings with stakeholders. Special thanks go to Arlyne Moi for her excellent and skillful help in copy edit- ing, and to Hasan Baniamin and Akram Hossain for editorial assistance. We would like to thank the publisher and Ali Farazmand of the School of Public Administra- tion at Florida Atlantic University for encouraging us to expand on the POR special issue and turn it into a book. Finally, we are deeply grateful to our host institu- tions – the Department of Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen in Norway, and the Department of Sociology and Political Science at North South University in Dhaka, Bangladesh—for providing support and stimulat- ing research environments over the years. I. Jamil et al. Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Ishtiaq Jamil, Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman and Sk. Tawfique M. Haque 2 Governance in the Age of Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities for South and Southeast Asia .................................... 11 Ali Farazmand 3 Theories of Governance: South Asian Perspective ................................. 27 Sk. Tawfique M. Haque 4 Network Governance and Policy Making: Developments and Directions in Asia ................................................................................ 45 Habib Zafarullah 5 Public Management as a Building Block for Governance: Drawing on the Experiences of Hong Kong ............................................ 65 Ahmed Shafiqul Huque 6 Globalization, State Formation, and Reinvention in Public Governance: Exploring the Linkages and Patterns in Southeast Asia .... 83 M. Shamsul Haque 7 T he Relevance of the Concept of Good Governance: Revisiting Goals, Agendas and Strategies ................................................ 101 Akbar Ali Khan 8 Good Governance and Human Development in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to South Asia .................................... 117 Haroon Khan 9 Key Issues in Women’s Representation in Bureaucracy: Lessons from South Asia ........................................................................... 137 Syeda Lasna Kabir vii viii Contents 10 Citizens’ Trust in Public and Political Institutions in Bangladesh and Nepal ............................................................................. 157 Ishtiaq Jamil and Steinar Askvik 11 C onstructing Co-Governance Between Government and Civil Society: An Institutional Approach to Collaboration .................. 175 Yutaka Tsujinaka, Shakil Ahmed and Yohei Kobashi 12 The Reform of Public Service Units in China: A Decentralization Approach ...................................................................... 191 Mei Li 13 Dynamics of Public Policy: Determinants of Policymaking and Implementation in Bangladesh ........................................................ 211 Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman 14 T he Purposeful Destruction of State Capacity in Bihar, India ............ 229 Santhosh Mathew and Mick Moore 15 Does Governance Matter in South Asia and Beyond? .......................... 245 Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman, Ishtiaq Jamil and Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Contributors Shakil Ahmed Center for International, Comparative and Advanced Japanese Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh PPG Program, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Steinar Askvik Department of Administration and Organization Theory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Ali Farazmand School of Public Administration, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Rato, USA M. Shamsul Haque Department of Political Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Department of Political Science and Sociology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Ahmed Shafiqul Huque Department of Political Science, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada Ishtiaq Jamil Department of Administration and Organization Theory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Syeda Lasna Kabir Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh Akbar Ali Khan BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Haroon Khan Department of Political Science, Henderson State University, Arkadelphia, USA Yohei Kobashi Institute for Research in Contemporary Political and Economic Affairs Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan Mei Li School of Public Administration, Yunnan University, Yunnan, Peopleʹs Republic of China ix
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