Governance and Grievance: Habsburg Policy and Italian Tyrol in the Eighteenth Century

246 Pages·1988·14.207 MB·English

by  Miriam J Levy

GOVERNANCE
GRIEVANCE
&
Habsburg Policy and Italian Tyrol in the Eighteenth Century
J.
Miriam Levy
GOVERNANCE
&GRIEVANCE
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GOVERNANCE
&GRIEVANCE
Habsburg PolicyandItalian Tyrol
in the Eighteenth Centwy
Miriam J. Levy
Purdue University Press
West Lafayette, Indiana
Copyright 1988 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907. All rights reserved. Unless permission is granted,
this material shall not be copied, reproduced, or coded for re,
production by any electrical, mechanical, or chemical processes,
or combination thereof, now known or later developed.
Published in 1988
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Levy, Miriam J., 1935-
Governance & grievance.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Trentino,Alto Adige (ltaly}-Politics and govern,
ment. 2. Tyrol (Austrian}-Politics and government.
3. Austria-History-Leopold II, 1790-1792. 4. Austria
Politics and government-1740-1848. 5. Habsburg, House
of. I. Title.
DG975.T792L48 1988 945'.3807 87-15189
ISBN 0-911198-86-5 (pbk.)
Book and cover designed by Anita Noble
Maps rendered by Timothy Gilbert
CONTENTS
TABLES vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
INTRODUCTION 1
MAPS 6
ONE The Heart and Shield of the Habsburg Realm:
Tyrol in the Eighteenth Century 13
TWO Priests, Poets, and Academicians:
Enlightenment and Italianita in Italian ryrol 31
THREE The Grievances 46
FOUR A New Ruler and Renewed Hopes:
Leopold II and the Convocation ofthe 1790 Diet in Tyrol .... 64
FIVE The Innsbruck Assembly:
Gernwn ryrol versus the 1790 Italian Movement 81
SIX Politicking and Maneuvering in Vienna:
The Court, the Bureaucracy, and the Deputies 101
SEVEN The Outcome:
Two Emperors and Their Policies 126
CONCLUSION 140
APPENDICES
A. The Habsburg Bureaucracy 149
B. Alternate Geographical Names 152
C. Thumbnail Biographies 153
ABBREVIATIONS 172
NOTES 173
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..- 201
INDEX ; 221
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TABLES
1-1 Estimate ofTyrol's Population by Estate, 1780 18
1-2 Changes in Tyrol's Tariff Income 26
1-3 Changes in Rovereto's Silk Industry, 1740-60 29
3-1 Taxes on Sub,Brenner Wines Entering Innsbruck, 1748 55
3-2 Tyrol's Male and Female Population by Viertel, 1777-81 63
7-1 Representation ofEstates in Tyrol according to the 1816
Constitutional Patent 131
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
So many people in so many places
contributed their time, knowledge, and efforts to the successful conclusion
of this study that to mention them all would require another essay. But
some are owed special thanks.
In Rovereto to Dr. Ferruccio Trentini, President ofthe Academy ofthe
Agiati; to the entire staff of the Biblioteca Civica Girolamo Tartarotti,
especially to its late director, Dr. Pio Chiusole, and to Maria Rosa laRovere
who worked so hard tofacilitate access to the library's extremely rich manu'
script and book.collection from the eighteenth century. In Trento to Dr.
Annamaria Paissan Schlechter, director of the Biblioteca Comunale di
Trento, to the library's entire staff, and especially to Luigi Compasso, whose
knowledge of English acquired at a NATO naval base expedited the enor,
mous amount of research done in this library. In Innsbruck to the staffs of
the Tiroler Landesarchiv and the library of the Landesmuseum Ferdinan'
deum, especially Dr. Wolfram Wieser of the latter.
To the legion ofhistorians and archivists in Vienna: at the library and
Historisches Institut of the University of Vienna, the Nationalbibliothek,
the Kriegsarchiv, the Allgemeinesverwaltungsarchiv, the Hofkammerarchiv,
and especially the greatest of thanks, gratitude, and appreciation to every'
one at the Hau,s" Hof, und Staatsarchiv, where so much of the original
work in this study was documented. To the many colleagues and friends in
Vienna for their friendship, encouragement, and assistance in what was for
only a very short time a strange city; especially to Dr. Adam Wandruszka of
the University ofVienna; to Drs. Moritz and Eva Csciky, of the same Uni,
.versity; to Dr. Grete Klingenstein,Walter at the University of Graz; and
to Dr. Waltraud Heindl at the Osterreichisches Ost, und Siidosteuropa
Institut.
To the many historians in New YorkCity who assisted me: to Dr. Edith
Link of Hunter College for sharing her knowledge and expertise in Habs'
burg history; to Professor Istvan Deak of Columbia University, who as my
doctoral adviser first encouraged me in this research; to Professor Marc
Raeff, also ofColumbia, for his interest and support as he read, reread, and
again reread the manuscript; and to Professor Harold Segel, director of
Columbia's Institute on East Central Europe, for his advice and for making
available the facilities of his institute.
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