Gondwana Six: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleontology

252 Pages·1987·21.152 MB·English

by  Garry D. McKenzie

Geophysical Monograph Series
Including
Maurice Ewing Volumes
Mineral Physics
GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES
GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH VOLUMES
1 Antarcticai n the International GeophysicalY ear 28 Magnetospheric Currents ThomasA . Potemra( Ed.)
A. P. Crary,L . M. Gould,E . O. Hulburt,H ugh 29 Climate Processesa nd Climate Sensitivity (Maurice Ew-
Odishaw, and Waldo E. Smith (Eds.) ing Volume 5) JamesE . Hansena nd Taro Takahash(iE ds.)
2 Geophysicasn d the IGY HughO dishawan dS tanley, 30 Magnetic Reconnectioni n Spacea nd Laboratory
Ruttenberg(E ds.) Plasmas Edward W. Hones,J r. (Ed.)
3 AtmosphericC hemistryo f Chlorinea nd Sulfur 31 Point Defects in Minerals (Mineral PhysicsV olume 1)
Compounds JamePs . LodgeJ, r. (Ed.) Robert N. Schock (Ed.)
4 ContemporaryG eodesy CharleAs . Whittena nd 32 The Carbon Cycle and AtmosphericC O2: Natural Varia-
Kenneth H. Drummond (Eds.) tions Archeant o Present E.T. Sundquisatn d
5 Physicso f Precipitation HelmutW eickman(End .) W. S. Broecker (Eds.)
6 The Crust of the Pacific Basin Gordon A. Macdonald 33 GreenlandI ce Core: GeophysicsG, eochemistrya, nd the
and Hisashi Kuno (Eds.) Environment C. C. LangwayJ, r., H. Oeschgearn, d
7 Antarctic Research: The Matthew Fontaine Maury W. Dansgaard( E ds).
Memorial Symposium H. WexlerM, . J. Rubin,a nd 34 CollisionlessS hocksi n the Heliosphere:A Tutorial
I.E. CaskeyJ, r. (Eds.) Review Robert G. Stone and Bruce T. Tsurutani (Eds.)
8 Terrestrial Heat Flow William H. K. Lee (Ed.) 35 CollisionlessS hocksi n the Heliosphere:R eviewso f
9 GravityA nomaliesU: nsurveyedA reas HyrnanO rlin Current Research Bruce T. Tsurutani and Robert G. Stone
(Ed.) (Eds.)
10 The Earth Beneath the Continents: A Volume of Geo- 36 Mineral and Rock Deformation: LaboratoryS tudies(cid:127)
physicaSl tudiesin Honoro f Merle A. Tuve JohnS . The Paterson Volume B. E. Hobbsa nd H. C. Heard (Eds.)
Steinharat nd T. JeffersoSnm ith( Eds.) 37 EarthquakeS ourceM echanics(M auriceE wing Volume
11 IsotopeT echniquesin the HydrologicC ycle GlennE . 6) ShamitDa as,J ohnB oatwrighatn, dC hristophHe.r Scholz
Stout (Ed.) (Eds.)
12 The Crust and Upper Mantle of the PacificA rea Leon 38 Ion Accelerationin the Magnetospherea nd Ionosphere
KnopofCf,h arleLs . Drakea, ndP embrok].e H art (Eds.) Tom Chang( Ed.)
13 The Earth'sC rust and Upper Mantle PembrokJe. Hart 39 High PressureR esearchin Mineral Physics( Mineral
(Ed.) PhysicsV olume 2) Murli H. Manghnanai ndY asuhikSoy ono
14 The Structurea nd PhysicalP ropertieso f the Earth's (Eds.)
Crust JohnG . Heacock(E d.) 40 GondwanaS ix: Structure,T ectonics,a nd Geophysics
15 The Use of Artificial Satellites for Geodesy SorenW . GarryD . McKenzie( Ed.)
Henriksen,A rmandoM anc(cid:127)nt, and BernardH . Chovitz (Eds.)
16 Flow and Fracture of Rocks H.C. Heard, I. Y. Borg,
N. L. Carter,a nd C. B. Raletgh(E ds.)
17 Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental
Effects William C. Ackermann, Gilbert F. White, and
MAURICE EWING VOLUMES
E. B. Worthington(E ds)
18 The Upper Atmospherein Motion:A Selectiono f Papers
1 Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches,a nd Back-ArcB asins
With Annotation C. O. Hinesa nd Colleagues
Mantk Talwant and Walter C. Pttman Ill (Eds.)
19 The Geophysicso f the PacificO ceanB asina nd Its Mar-
2 Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean
gin: A Volume in Honor of GeorgeP . Woollard
Crust Mantk Talwant,C hrtstopheGr. Harrison,a nd
GeorgHe . SuttonM, urli H. Manghnanai,n dR alphM oberly
DenntsE . Hayes( Eds.)
(Eds.)
3 Deep Drilling Resultsi n the Atlantic Ocean:C onti-
20 The Earth's Crust: Its Nature and Physical Properties
nental Margins and Paleoenvironment MantkT alwani,
JohnG . Heacock(E d.)
WtlliamH ay, and WilltamB . F. Ryan( Eds.)
21 Quantitative Modeling of MagnetosphericP rocesses
4 Earthquake Prediction--An International Review
W. P. Olson (Ed.)
Davtd W. Stropsoann d Paul G. Richards(E ds.)
22 Derivation, Meaning, and Use of Geomagnetic
5 Climate Processesa nd Climate Sensitivity ]amesE .
Indices P. N. Mayaud
Hansen and Taro Takahasht (Eds.)
23 The Tectonica nd GeologicE volutiono f SoutheasAt sian
6 EarthquakeS ourceM echanics ShamitaD as,J ohn
Seasa nd Islands DennisE . Hayes( Ed.)
Boatwrtghat,n dC hristopheHr. Schclz(E ds.)
24 Mechanical Behavior of Crustal Rocks: The Handin
Volume N. L. Carter,M . FriedmanJ, . M. Logan,a nd
D. W. Stearns (Eds.)
25 Physicso f Auroral Arc Formation S.-I. Akasofua nd MINERAL PHYSICS VOLUMES
J. R. Kan ( Eds.)
26 HeterogeneousA tmosphericC hemistry David R. Schryer 1 Point Defects in Minerals Robert N. Schock (Ed.)
(Ed.)
27 The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of SoutheastA sian 2 High PressureR esearchin Mineral Physics
Seasa nd Islands: Part 2 DennisE . Hayes( Ed.) Murli H. Manghnanain dY asuhikSoy ono
Geophysical Monograph 41
Gondwana Six:
Stratigraphy,S edimentology,
and Paleontology
Garry D. McKenzie
Editor
American Geophysical Union
Washington, D.C.
Publishedu nder the aegiso f AGU GeophysicaMl onographB oard.
Library of CongressC ataloging-in-PublicationD ata
Gondwanas ix:stratigraphy, sedimentologya, nd
paleontology.
(Geophysicaml onograph,I SSN 0065-8448;4 1)
"Papersp resenteda t the SixthI nternationaGl ondwana
Symposiumh eld at the Instituteo f PolarS tudies,
the Ohio StateU niversity, Columbus,O hio, 19-23 August,
1985"--Pref.
1. Gondwana( Geology)--Congresses.2 . Sedimentology--
Congresses. 3. Paleontology--Congresses.I . McKenzie,
Garry D. II. InternationalG ondwanaS ymposium( 6th:
1985: Instituteo f Polar Studies,O hio StateU niversity)
III. Ohio StateU niversity. Instituteo f PolarS tudies.
IV. Series.
QE511.5.G658 1987 551.7 87-11351
ISBN 0-87590-067-4
ISSN 0065-8448
Copyright1 987b y the AmericanG eophysicaUl nion, 2000 FloridaA venue,
NW, Washington,D C 20009
Figures,t ables,a nd short excerptsm ay be reprintedi n scientificb ooksa nd
journalsi f the sourcei s properly cited.
Authorizationt o photocopyi tems for internal or personalu se, or the
internal or personal use of specificc lients, is granted by the American
GeophysicaUl nionf or librariesa nd otheru sersr egisteredw ith the Copyright
ClearanceC enter (CCC) TransactionaRl eportingS ervice,p rovidedt hat the
basef ee of $1.00 per copy plus $0.10 per page is paid directlyt o CCC, 21
CongressS treet, Salem, MA 10970.0 065-8448/87/$01+. .10.
Thisc onsendt oesn ot extendt o otherk indso f copying,s ucha sc opyingfo r
creatingn ew collectivew orks or for resale.T he reproductiono f multiple
copiesa nd the useo f full articleso r the useo f extractsi,n cludingf iguresa nd
tables,f or commerciapl urposesr equiresp ermissionfr om AGU.
Printed in the United States of
DEDICATION
John W. Cosgrill, Jr., was born November 10, 1931, in Denver, Colorado.
He was awarded a B.A. in anthropology from the University of Arizona in
1953 and an M.A. and Ph.D. in vertebrate paleontology from the University
of California, Berkeley, in 1960 and 1963, respectively. He was a Senior
Research Fellow at the Department of Geology, University of Tasmania, from
1964 to 1967 and served as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and
Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University,
Detroit, Michigan, until his death on April 28, 1985.
Affectionately called "Cos" by his students, John was a dedicated
teacher known for his warm-hearted nature and generosity. His friends and
colleagues knew him as a mild-mannered scholar with a tremendous breadth of
knowledge.
Johnfs interests in Triassic vertebrate paleontology took him to field
and museum work in Europe, South Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica.
In the austral summer of 1977-1978, he led a team of vertebrate paleon-
tologists to the Cumulus Hills of the central Transantarctic Mountains,
where they collected a large number of Lystrosaurus Zone vertebrate fossils
from the Lower Triassic Fremouw Formation. But for his untimely death, he
would have returned to the central Transantarctic Mountains in the 1985-
1986 field season. John published more than 25 papers on Triassic
labyrinthodonts and reptiles.
One of Johnfs final wishes was to return some of the kindnesses shown
him by his Indian colleagues on his recent sabbatical leave at the Indian
Statistical Institute in Calcutta. His contribution of financial support
for this conference helped to sponsor several Indian scientists. We are
grateful to his wife, Bette, and his two sons, Kevin and Ethan, for
carrying out this
CONTENTS
Dedication v
Preface ix
Acknowledgments x
Changes in the Geography of the Tasmania Basin in the Late Paleozoic Maxwell R. Banks
and Michael J. Clarke i
The Relationship of the Indian and Western Australian Permian Marine Faunas
J.M. Dickins and S.C. Shah 15
Biogeography of Australian and Southeast Asian Ordovician Nautiloids Bryan Stait and
Clive Burrett 21
Triassic Vegetation and Geography of the New Zealand Portion of the Gondwana
Supercontinent G. J. Retallack 29
Devonian Vertebrates of Gondwana G.C. Young 41
Comparison of the Triassic Gondwana Sequences in the Transantarctic Mountains and
Tasmania James W. Collinson, Noel R. Kemp, and J. Thomas Eggert 51
Radioactive Minerals and the Pre-Beacon Erosion Surface, Antarctica Edward J. Zeller and
Gisela A. M. Dreschhoff 63
Paleoecology and Phylogeny of the Trematosauridae W.R. Hammer 73
Progressive Endemism in the Late Cretaceous Ammonite Family Kossmaticeratidae and the
Breakup of Gondwanaland Carlos E. Macellari 85
Late Mesozoic Bivalve Biogeography of Antarctica J.A. Crame 93
Aspects of Late Paleozoic Glacial Sedimentation in Parts of the Paran(cid:127) Basin, Brazil, and the
Karoo Basin, South Africa, With Special Reference to the Origin of Massive Diamictite
C. P. Gravenor and V. von Brunn 103
A Facies Analysis of Permo-Carboniferous Glacigenic Deposits Along a Paleoscarp in
Northern Natal, South Africa V. von Brunn 113
The Influence of Topography on the Permo-Carboniferous Glaciation in the Karoo Basin and
Adjoining Areas, Southern Africa J.N.J. Visser 123
The Biostratigraphy and Fossils of the Whitehill and Irati Shale Formations of the Karoo and
Paran(cid:127) Basins B.W. Oelofsen 131
The Permo-Triassic Uranium Deposits of Gondwanaland J.P. le Roux and P. D. Toens 139
Africa and Madagascar During Permo-Triassic Time: The Evidence of the Vertebrate
Faunas Bernard Battail, Laurence Beltan, and Jean-Michel Dutuit 147
The Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Southern Morondava Basin of Madagascar as Defined
by Plant Microfossils R.P. Wright and R. A. Askin 157
Glacial and Proglacial Talchir Sedimentation in Son-Mahanadi Gondwana Basin:
Paleogeographic Reconstruction S. M. Casshyap and V. K. Srivastava 167
A New Theropod Dinosaur From India With Remarks on the Gondwana-Laurasia Connection
in the Late Triassic S. Chatterjee 183
Paleoclimatic Significance of Fauna and Miofiora of the Garu Formation (Permian),
Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya Trilochan Singh 191
Gondwana and Associated Rocks of the Himalaya and Their Significance C. Tripathi and
Gopal Singh 195
New Evidence for Paleobiogeographic Intercontinental Gondwana Relationships Based on
Late Cretaceous-Earliest Paleocene Coastal Faunas From Peninsular India Ashok Sahni,
R. S. Rana, and G. V. R. Prasad 207
Fossil Vertebrates From the Pranhita-Godavari Valley (India) and Their Stratigraphic
Correlation Sohan L. Jain and Tapan Roychowdhury 219
Upper Kamthi: A Riddle in the Gondwana Stratigraphy of India Prodip K. Dutta 229
Permian Biogeography of the Indian Subcontinent With Special Reference to the Marine
Fauna Trilochan Singh 239
Symposium Participants 250
PREFACE
This volume contains many of the papers pre- paleontological groups, for example, Devonian ver-
sented at the Sixth International Gondwana Sympo- tebrates and the Trematosauridae, to the descrip-
sium, held at the Institute of Polar Studies, The tion of a new dinosaur. Two examples of stratigra-
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, August 19- phic and sedimentologic topics are the comparison
23, 1985. The symposium was the first held out- of Gondwana sequences (Tasmania-Antarctica, Afri-
side the Gondwanaland continents; other symposia ca-South America) and facies analysis of glaci-
were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1967; Cape genic deposits.
Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, 1970; Can- All papers in these volumes report on basic
berra, Australia, 1973; Calcutta, India, 1977; and research, but two also address a topic of economic
Wellington, New Zealand, 1980. interest (uranium). However, with the current
The Columbus symposiuma ttracted 150 scientists concern for global resource availability, all pa-
from 19 countries to five days of technical ses- pers, and particularly those on Antarctica, have
sions, six field trips, commission and working resource implications because they provide an im-
group meetings, and workshops. Topics covered in proved understanding of the geology and geologic
the technical sessions were generally similar to history of Gondwanaland.
those of earlier meetings and included recon- Although the editorial committee was firm in
struction of Gondwanaland, vertebrate and inverte- the editorial format, some leeway was given for
brate paleontology, biogeography, glacial geology, individual and national writing styles. Further,
Gondwanas tratigraphy, economic geology, and tec- the committee was influenced by the arguments of
tonics and sedimentation at plate margins. A no- A.M. C. Seng(cid:127)r (Geologische Rundschav,7 2, 397-
table difference was in geographic coverage. As 400, 1983) on the use of "Gondwana" vs. "Gond-
might be expected at a meeting co-hosted by the wanaland" and decided to leave the decision to the
Institute of Polar Studies and the Department of authors.
Geology and Mineralogy at The Ohio State Univer- The symposium was organized by James W.
sity, the focus of the meetings was on Antarctica, Collinson and David H. Elliot (Co-chairmen); Peter
with 45% of the 102 papers covering the Ross Sea J. Anderson, Garry D. McKenzie, and Peter N. Webb,
sector, West Antarctica, and northern Victoria The Ohio State University; and J. M. Dickins,
Land. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra, Australia.
The 56 papers are presented in two volumes: The technical sessions were preceded and fol-
Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics, and Geophy- lowed by field trips. The field trip guidebooks
sics, and GondwanaS ix: Stratigraphy, Sedimen- (Geology of the Southern Appalachians, Glacial
tology, and Paleontology; there is someo verlap of Geology of Central Ohio, Lower Carboniferous
topics. Clastic Sequenceo f Central Ohio, Carboniferous of
The papers in the first volume include 20 that Eastern Kentucky, and Quaternary and Proterozoic
focus on Antarctica, seven on South America, three Glacial Deposits) and the abstracts of papers
on Gondwanaland in general, and one on southern presented, were published by the Institute of
Africa. Most of these address problems related to Polar Studies.
the Pacific margin of Gondwanaland. Papers on the Social events included a welcoming party, an ox
joint U.K.-U.S. West Antarctic tectonics project roast, and a symposiumb anquet at which Campbell
form an important section. The authors present Craddock, University of Wisconsin, discussed the
results of recent fieldwork and the geological, stages of development of American views on Gond-
geophysical, and geochemical data that provide wanaland from rejection (1920s), reconsideration
support for an improved understanding of the sedi- (1950s), acceptance (1960s), to refinement (1970
mentary basins, magmatism, tectonics, and paleo- to present).
geography of this region. Many papers on similar Preceding the Symposium, on August 16-17, 1985,
topics but other areas, for instance north Vic- a workshop on Cenozoic geology of southern high
toria Land, Antarctica, and by scientists from latitudes, was hosted by P. N. Webb, Department of
other nations are included. The results reported Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State University,
are important for an improved reconstruction of and was attended by 30 scientists, most of whom
Gondwanaland and have implications for the paleo- took part in the Symposium.
ceanographic history of the southern hemisphere.
The papers in this volume deal with paleonto- J.W. Collinson
logical and biostratigraphical topics and cover D.H. Elliot
many regions, including Australia, New Zealand, S.M. Haban
Asia, India, Africa, and Madagascar, often explo- G.D. McKenzie
ring the biogeographical connections between them.
These papers range from comprehensive reviews of Editorial Committee
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editorial and organizing committees thank the many organizations and
individuals who contributed to the success of the symposium and the prepa-
ration of this volume. Without the cosponsors and contributors of finan-
cial support, the meeting would not have been possible. Stephanie Haban
played a major role in the planning and daily activities of the symposium,
and as technical editor of this volume spent many hours transforming manu-
scripts into papers. Not enough praise can be given for the editorial
assistance offered by the reviewers. Without their expertise and time, the
quality of the papers certainly would not have been sustained.
Lynn Lay, librarian at the Institute of Polar Studies, spent many hours
completing and upgrading references for the author's manuscripts. We also
thank Robert Tope for his preparation of illustrations for many of the
papers.
Thanks are due to the students, staff, and faculty (and their spouses)
of the Institute of Polar Studies and the Department of Geology and Min-
eralogy for their support of symposium activities. We are especially
grateful to those who organized and prepared field excursions and guide-
books: A. C. Rocha-Campos (University of S(cid:127)o Paulo, Brazil); D. E. Pride,
R. O. Utgard, I. M. Whillans, G. D. McKenzie, S. M. Bergstrom, R. H.
Blodgett, T. N. Taylor, and E. M. Smoot (The Ohio State University); K. B.
Bork and R. J. Malcuit (Denison University, Ohio); J. R. Chaplin (Oklahoma
Geological Survey); B. L. Lowry-Chaplin (University of Texas-Arlington); C.
E. Mason (Morehead State University, Kentucky); R. T. Lierman (The George
Washington University, Washington, D.C.); D. R. Sharpe (Geological Survey
of Canada); and G. M. Young, (University of Western Ontario, Canada).
Major funding was provided by U.S. National Science Foundation grant
EAR-8407780, awarded to The Ohio State University. Other support was
received from the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), The
Ohio State University, and the General Electric Company. The symposium was
co-sponsored by the IUGS Subcommission on Gondwana Stratigraphy, the Geolo-
gical Society of America, and the American Geophysical Union. At the re-
quest of her late husband, John W. Cosgriff of Wayne State University,
Bette Cosgriff supported the travel of several Indian scientists. We are
grateful for all of these contributions.
Publication of this volume is partially supported by National Science
Foundation Grant No. EAR-8407780; however, any opinions, findings, conclu-
sions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation. Publication is also
supported by The Ohio State