Gold & Spices: The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages PDF
Preview Gold & Spices: The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages
& gold Spices Spices THE RISE OF COMMERCE IN THE MIDDLE AGES Jean Favier Translatedfrom the French by Caroline Higgitt HOLMES & MEIER New York/London Published in the United States ofAmerica 1998 by Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. 160 Broadway New York, NY 10038 Copyright © 1998 by Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechnical means now known or to be invented, includ- ing photocopying, recording, and information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publishers, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. • First published under the title De Voretdes epices: Naissance de Vhomme d'affaires au moyen age, copyright © Librairie Artheme Fayard, 1987. Bibliographical additions for the English translation copyright © 1998 by Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. Book design by Lynne Arany Maps by Christopher Brest Typesetting by Coghill Book Typesetting, Chester, VA This book has been printed on acid-free paper. LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Favier, Jean, 1932— [De l'or et des epices. English] Gold & spices : the rise ofcommerce in the Middle Ages / Jean Favier translated from the French by Caroline Higgitt. ; p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-84—19-1232-7 (cl—oth : alk. paper) — — 1. Europe Commer—ce History. 2. Europe—Economi—c conditions To 1492. 3. Middle Ages History. 4. Merchants Europe History. I. Title. HF3495.F3813 1998 382\094'00902—dc21 98-14166 CIP Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica CONTENTS List ofMaps vi INTRODUCTION 1 One HORIZONS 8 Two OPENING THE WAY 31 LEARNING ABOUT THEWORLD Three 53 Four PRIVILEGES 77 COMPETITION Five 95 FOREIGNERS Six 109 CURRENCY Seven 125 PAYMENT Eight 142 Nine CAPITAL 151 Ten BUSINESS 175 Eleven CREDIT IN THE MARKETPLACE 193 TOWARD MODERN BANKING Twelve 215 Thirteen THE RISKS OF BUSINESS 237 ACCOUNTING Fourteen 258 Fifteen THE POWER OF BUSINESS 280 Sixteen THE BUSINESSMAN AND THE PRINCE 297 Seventeen SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS 312 FORTUNE AND CONSCIENCE Eighteen 332 Nineteen THE MERCHANT AND THE ARTS 349 CONCLUSION 363 Bibliography 365 Index 376 MAPS 1. Principal sea routes in the mid-thirteenth century 22-23 2. Principal continental routes in the mid-thirteenth century 28-29 3. Principal sea routes in the fifteenth century 38-39 4. Principal continental routes in the late Middle Ages 50 5. Marco Polos journey 58-59 6. The Medici Company c. 1450 169 7. The Grand Society of Ravensburg c. 1450 172-73 & gold Spices
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