Gold Nanoparticles in Analytical Chemistry PDF
Preview Gold Nanoparticles in Analytical Chemistry
Advisory Board Joseph A. Caruso University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA Hendrik Emons Joint Research Centre, Geel, Belgium Gary Hieftje Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Kiyokatsu Jinno Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan Uwe Karst University of Mu¨nster, Mu¨nster, Germany Gyro¨gy Marko-Varga AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden Janusz Pawliszyn University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada Susan Richardson US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA Gold Nanoparticles in Analytical Chemistry Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Volume 66 Edited by Miguel Valca´rcel and A´ngela I. Lo´pez-Lorente Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Co´rdoba Co´rdoba, Spain AMSTERDAMlBOSTONlHEIDELBERGlLONDONlNEWYORKlOXFORD PARISlSANDIEGOlSANFRANCISCOlSINGAPORElSYDNEYlTOKYO Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam, Netherlands The Boulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA Copyright(cid:1)2014ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved. Nopart ofthispublicationmaybereproduced ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording, orany informationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermission inwritingfrom the publisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’s permissions policiesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuch astheCopyright Clearance Center andtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyright bythePublisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchand experiencebroadenourunderstanding, changesinresearchmethods,professional practices, ormedicaltreatment maybecome necessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledge inevaluating andusinganyinformation, methods,compounds,orexperiments describedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheir ownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessional responsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,or editors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasa matterofproducts liability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationof anymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerial herein. British LibraryCataloguinginPublication Data Acatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefrom theBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Acatalogue recordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-444-63285-2 ISSN:0166-526X ForinformationonallElsevierpublicationsvisitour websiteathttp://store.elsevier.com/ Printedand boundinPoland Contributors to Volume 66 Mar´ıa Jesu´s Almendral Parra, Departamento de Qu´ımica Anal´ıtica, Nutricio´n y Bromatolog´ıa,UniversityofSalamanca,PlazadelaMerceds/n,Salamanca,Spain Vincenzo Amendola, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova,Italy PedroBaptista,CIGMH,DepartamentodeCieˆnciasdaVida,FaculdadedeCieˆnciase Tecnologia,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa, Caparica,Portugal Encarnacio´n Caballero-D´ıaz, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Co´rdoba,Co´rdoba,Spain ShaoweiChen,DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofCalifornia, SantaCruz,CA,USA Han-Wen Cheng, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton,Binghamton,NY,USA Jose´ M. Costa-Ferna´ndez, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, UniversityofOviedo,Oviedo,Spain Patricia Crespo, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado and Dpto. F´ısica de Materiales, UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid,Madrid,Spain Elizabeth R. Crew, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton,Binghamton,NY,USA JorgeRuizEncinar,DepartmentofPhysicalandAnalyticalChemistry,Universityof Oviedo,Oviedo,Spain Alfredo de la Escosura-Mun˜iz, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2),Bellaterra (Barcelona),Spain SaraFigueiredo,CIGMH,DepartamentodeCieˆnciasdaVida,FaculdadedeCieˆncias eTecnologia,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa, Caparica,Portugal Ricardo Franco, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa, Caparica,Portugal Miguel Angel Garc´ıa, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado and Dpto. F´ısica de Mate- riales,UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid,Madrid,Spain Ineˆs Gomes, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias,UniversidadedoPorto,Porto,Portugal;InstitutodeMedicinaMolecular, FaculdadedeMedicinadaUniversidadedeLisboa, Lisboa,Portugal Yan Guo, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of InformationScienceandTechnology,Nanjing,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Departmentof ChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,CA,USA xv xvi ContributorstoVolume66 AntonioHernando,InstitutodeMagnetismoAplicadoandDpto.F´ısicadeMateriales, UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid,Madrid,Spain DominikHu¨hn,FachbereichPhysik,PhilippsUniversita¨tMarburg,Marburg,Germany Christine Kranz, Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081Ulm,Germany BernhardLendl,InstituteofChemicalTechnologiesandAnalytics,ViennaUniversity ofTechnology,Vienna,Austria A´ngelaInmaculadaLo´pez-Lorente,DepartmentofAnalyticalChemistry,University ofCo´rdoba,Co´rdoba,Spain Jin Luo, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton,NY,USA MorenoMeneghetti,DepartmentofChemicalSciences,UniversityofPadova,Padova, Italy Arben Merkoc¸i, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats (ICREA), Barcelona,Spain Boris Mizaikoff, Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081Ulm,Germany Sara Sa´nchez Paradinas, Departamento de Qu´ımica Anal´ıtica, Nutricio´n y Broma- tolog´ıa,UniversityofSalamanca,PlazadelaMerceds/n,Salamanca,Spain;Institut fu¨r Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universita¨t Hannover, Schneiderberg,Hannover,Germany Wolfgang J. Parak, Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universita¨t Marburg, Marburg, Germany LuciaPasquato,DepartmentofChemicalandPharmaceuticalSciences,Universityof Trieste,Trieste,Italy Miguel Peixoto de Almeida, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, FaculdadedeCieˆncias,UniversidadedoPorto,Porto,Portugal Paolo Pengo, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste,Trieste,Italy Eula´liaPereira,REQUIMTE,DepartamentodeQu´ımicaeBioqu´ımica,Faculdadede Cieˆncias,UniversidadedoPorto,Porto,Portugal Rosario Pereiro, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo,Oviedo,Spain Josefina Pons, Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, AutonomousUniversityofBarcelona,Barcelona, Spain GeorgRamer,InstituteofChemicalTechnologiesandAnalytics,ViennaUniversityof Technology,Vienna,Austria Lourdes Rivas, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Science Faculty,AutonomousUniversityofBarcelona, Barcelona,Spain AlfredoSanz-Medel,DepartmentofPhysicalandAnalyticalChemistry,Universityof Oviedo,Oviedo,Spain ContributorstoVolume66 xvii ShiyaoShan,DepartmentofChemistry,StateUniversityofNewYorkatBinghamton, Binghamton,NY,USA Zakiya R. Skeete, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Bing- hamton,Binghamton,NY,USA LeonorSoares,REQUIMTE, Departamento deQu´ımicaeBioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Mauro Stener, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste,Trieste,Italy Laura Trapiella-Alfonso, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Univer- sity ofOviedo,Oviedo,Spain Marek Trojanowicz, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland and Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,Warsaw,Poland Miguel Valca´rcel, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Co´rdoba, Co´rdoba,Spain Chuan-Jian Zhong, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton,Binghamton,NY,USA Series Editor’s Preface “Nanotechnology has been defined as the technology of the twenty-first century,anditisexpectedthatthebroadrangeofnanomaterialstogetherwith their applications on theglobal market will constantlyincrease in the coming years.”ThissentencewaswrittentwoyearsagointheprefacetoVolume59of Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Analysis and Risk of Nanomaterials in Environmental and Food Samples, edited by myself and Dr M. Farre. It is then obvious that there is a need for the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistryseriestolookfornewbooksinthefieldofnanomaterials.Thistask was relatively easy. In one of my regular telephone conversations with Prof. MiguelValca´rcel,anoldfriendandwell-knownexpertinanalyticalchemistry, he suggested editing a book on gold nanoparticles. I accepted immediately. The book that you have in your hands contains 14 chapters. The first five cover general aspects such as an introduction to analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology, the synthesis, characterization, and toxicity of gold nano- particles. In the second part, gold nanoparticles are considered as target ana- lytes, with emphasis on their characterization and determination, including spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, and separation techniques. Part three describes the use of gold nanoparticles as analytical tools. They can be incorporatedinelectrodes,andusedas(bio)chemicalsensorsaswellaslateral flow biosensors. With the comprehensive information on this type of nanoparticles, this multipurpose book with novel applications in biology, the environment, and foodisauseful addition tothe series andwillbeofgreat benefit tothe broad nanoscience and nanotechnology community. Finally I would like to thank both editors of this book, Miguel Valca´rcel andA´ngelaI.Lo´pez-Lorente,fortheamountofwork,time,andexpertisethat theydevotedtoit.Iwouldliketoacknowledgeaswellthevariouswell-known authorsfortheircontributionsincompilingsuchaworld-classandtimelybook that willbeofhelp tonewcomers,PhDstudents,and thosesenior researchers whoconsidernanotechnologyasoneoftheemergingchallengesintheyearsto come. D. Barcelo´ IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, and ICRA, Girona July 10, 2014 xix Volume Editor’s Preface Today we are immersed in a full expansion of Nanoscience and Nanotech- nology (N&N). Analytical Science is an integral part of N&N since reliable information about the nanoworld is crucial in order to make well-founded scientific and technical decisions in this area. Two key facets of Analytical NanoscienceandNanotechnology(AN&N)canbenoted:ontheonehand,the consideration of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials as tools for the innovationandimprovementof(bio)chemicalmeasurementprocesses,and,on the other hand, their consideration as objects (analytes). The use of nano- materialsasanalyticaltoolsisthemoredevelopedfield,however,thebalance isboundtochangeoverthenextfewyearsduetothegrowingsignificanceof thecharacterizationofnanomaterialsandthedevelopmentofnewinstruments based on nanotechnological approaches. Among the wide variety of nanoparticles commonly used in AN&N, namely carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, gra- phene, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, etc., semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots), or metallic nanoparticles (i.e., silver, titanium oxide, or magnetic nanoparticles),thisbookfocusesonnanoparticlesofaspecificnature:gold.In thissense,thebookisuniqueasitpresentsasystematicreviewonthedifferent aspects of gold nanoparticles in analytical chemistry. Without doubt, gold nanoparticles are among the most relevant nanoparticles, having analytical connotations at a similar level to carbon nanotubes. The aim of this book is to bring gold nanoparticles closer to the reader interestedinAN&N,providingacomprehensiveoverview.Althoughthefocus isongoldnanoparticles, manyofthegeneralconclusionscan beextrapolated to other nanoparticles. Those professionals working not only in AN&N but also in different fields involving the use of gold nanoparticles, such as catal- ysis,biologicalandmedicalapplications,canalsobenefitfromthebooksince many of the exceptional properties of gold nanoparticles can be applied for different purposes. The 14 chapters are classified into three sections. First, basic aspects of gold nanoparticles such as their synthesis, physicochemical properties, or derivatization procedures are described in order to envisage their potential. The second part of the book reviews the techniques employed for both the characterization and determination of gold nanoparticles. The last part is devoted to the improvement of analytical processes by using gold nano- particles as tools in electrochemistry, spectroscopy, or biosensors. xxi xxii VolumeEditor’sPreface The editors wish to express their gratitude to those who have helped to bring this book to completion. We would like to thank to all the authors for theircontributionsandtheexhaustiverevisions theyhaveperformed. Wealso like to thank the cooperation of Elsevier and, for his technical support, Jose´ Manuel Membrives. Miguel Valca´rcel A´ngela I. Lo´pez-Lorente July 2014 Chapter 1 Analytical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology A´ngela Inmaculada Lo´pez-Lorente and Miguel Valca´rcel* DepartmentofAnalyticalChemistry,UniversityofCo´rdoba,Co´rdoba,Spain *Correspondingauthor:E-mail:[email protected] Chapter Outline 1. Contextualization 4 2.3 EvolutionandLimitof 1.1 Definitions 4 AnalyticalNanoscience 1.2 Classifications 5 andNanotechnology 17 1.3 SynthesisofNanoparticles 6 2.4 EthicalandSocial 1.4 TypesofNanoparticles 7 Implications 18 1.4.1 Organic 3. UseofNanoparticlesas Tools Nanoparticles 9 inAnalytical Processes 19 1.4.2 Inorganic 3.1 Objectives 19 Nanoparticles 11 3.2 SampleTreatment: 1.4.3 Hybrid Purificationand Nanoparticles 12 Preconcentration 1.5 Propertiesof ofAnalytes 20 Nanoparticles 12 3.3 Improvementof 2. IntroductiontoAnalytical Chromatographicand Nanoscience Electrophoretic andNanotechnology 13 Separations 22 2.1 FacetsofAnalytical 3.4 ImprovementofDetection Nanoscienceand Processes 23 Nanotechnology 13 4. AnalysisofNanoparticles 2.2 TypesofAnalytical andNanostructuredMaterial 23 Systems 13 4.1 Informationfromthe 2.2.1 Nanometric Nanoworld 23 AnalyticalSystems 14 4.2 Determinationand 2.2.2 Nanotechnological Characterization of AnalyticalSystems 15 Nanoparticles 24 2.2.3 Analytical 4.3 MicroscopicTechniques 25 Nanosystems 16 4.4 SeparationTechniques 26 GoldNanoparticlesinAnalyticalChemistry.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63285-2.00001-8 Copyright©2014ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved. 3
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