Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology PDF
Preview Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology
GOLD NANOPARTICLES FOR PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY P815.9781848168060-tp.indd 1 27/7/12 4:02 PM November15,2012 11:28 9inx6in GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,BiologyandChemistry b1370-fm TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk GOLD NANOPARTICLES FOR PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY Catherine Louis Olivier Pluchery Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France Imperial College Press ICP P815.9781848168060-tp.indd 2 27/7/12 4:02 PM Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. GOLD NANOPARTICLES FOR PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY Copyright © 2012 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 978-1-84816-806-0 Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore. Veronica - Gold Nanoparticles for Physics.pmd1 6/18/2012, 6:11 PM November15,2012 11:28 9inx6in GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,BiologyandChemistry b1370-fm Contents Preface GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,Chemistry andBiology vii Chapter1. GoldNanoparticlesinthePast: BeforetheNanotechnologyEra 1 CatherineLouis Chapter2. IntroductiontothePhysicalandChemical PropertiesofGold 29 GeoffreyC.Bond Chapter3. OpticalPropertiesofGoldNanoparticles 43 OlivierPluchery Chapter4. PhotothermalPropertiesofGoldNanoparticles 75 BrunoPalpant Chapter5. SynthesisofGoldNanoparticlesinLiquidPhase 103 DaehaSeoandHyunjoonSong Chapter6. ChemicalPreparationofGoldNanoparticles onSurfaces 139 CatherineLouis v November15,2012 11:28 9inx6in GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,BiologyandChemistry b1370-fm Contents Chapter7. CatalyticPropertiesofGoldNanoparticles 171 GeoffreyC.Bond Chapter8. SurfaceStructuresofGoldNanoparticles 199 ShamilShaikhutdinov Chapter9. TheoreticalStudiesofGoldNanoclusters inVariousChemicalEnvironments: WhentheSizeMatters 233 HannuHäkkinen Chapter10. OpticalandThermalPropertiesofGold NanoparticlesforBiologyandMedicine 273 RomainQuidant Chapter11. GoldNanoparticlesforSensorsandDrugDelivery 299 ChristianVilliers Chapter12. WhatAboutToxicityandEcotoxicity ofGoldNanoparticles? 333 MarieCarrière Chapter13. TechnologicalApplicationsofGoldNanoparticles 355 MichaelCortie BiographiesoftheAuthors 379 Index 389 vi November15,2012 11:28 9inx6in GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,BiologyandChemistry b1370-fm Preface — Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology Thefascinationwithgoldisastorywhichspansmillenniaandthismetalhas playedaroleinalmosteveryareaofhumanexistence.Ithasbeenawayof expressingwealth,ithasbeenthecauseofbattlesandwars,ithasoftenbeen related to religious devotion, and has been linked with our most intimate feelings as a way of expressing love. These meanings are still important today. However, in recent years, a new type of fascination with gold has emerged in the scientific community that is not linked to any greed or emotionbuttomorerationalconcerns.Scientistshavefoundanewinterest ingoldwhenitisdividedintominisculegrains,suchasgoldnanoparticles. This scientific enthusiasm started in various fields of science over the last threedecades.Forinstance,goldwasthoughttobechemicallyinactive,but it was discovered in 1987 that gold nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 5nmareexcellentcatalysts.Bulkgoldwasthoughttoexhibitits‘eternal’ yellowshiningcolour;itturnsout,however,thatgoldnanoparticlesarered orblueduetotheso-calledplasmonresonance,apropertythathasexcited theinterestofphysicistssince1990withbiologistshavingnowalsojoined themove. This statement that various scientific communities are working on the sameobjectwithlowawarenessofeachotherisactuallyattheoriginofthe publicationofthisbook.ItisalsobackedupbythesuccessoftheFrenchNet- work Or-nano (Gold-Nano) that we founded in 2006 (www.or-nano.org). This French network is sponsored by the CNRS (Centre National pour vii November15,2012 11:28 9inx6in GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,BiologyandChemistry b1370-fm Preface—GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,ChemistryandBiology laRechercheScientifique)andgathersresearchersandPhDstudentswork- ing on gold nanoparticles with various motives: from very fundamental studiesofthepropertiesofgoldnanoparticlestomoreappliedtopics,such ascatalysis,biosensorsormedicalimaging.Or-nanohasorganizedannual meetings,asummerschoolin2008andspecializeddiscussions,allofwhich keep attracting a great audience proving the need for the scientific survey ofgoldnanoparticlesproposedbythepresentbook. Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology provides a broadintroductiontothefascinatingandintriguingworldofgoldnanopar- ticles.Chapter1relatesthehistoryofgoldnanoparticles,whichbeginsin remotetimeswithredrubyglassandreachedapeakattheendoftheseven- teenthcentury.Thissectionisanoriginalworkthathasneverbeentreatedin otherscientificbooks.Basicpropertiesofgoldasanelementaresurveyed inChapter2withaspecialemphasisontherelativisticeffectthatisrespon- sibleofmanyunusualpropertiesofthismetal.Chapters3and4leadthe readerintotheopticalandthermalpropertiesofgoldnanoparticlesbydetail- ingtheplasmonresonanceandgivingthebasisnecessarytounderstandthe applicationsofthesenano-objectsasultrasmalllightemitters:nano-heaters ornano-antennas.Thepreparationofgoldnanoparticleswithsometimesfas- cinatingshapesisreviewedinChapter5.Veryoftenapplicationsdemand, however,thatnanoparticlesaredepositedonasubstrateandthepreparation methods have to be adapted or completely revisited.This crucial aspect is treatedinChapter6.Thepreparationofsuchsupportedgoldnanoparticles is the key to the catalytic properties of gold and Chapter7 reviews the presentknowledgeontheseaspectswiththeemblematicreactionofcarbon monoxideoxidationandmanyotherhottopics.Fundamentalstudiesofthe formation and reactivity of gold nanoparticles in a highly controlled envi- ronment such as ultra-high vacuum are treated in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 goesintomorefundamentalquestionsandpresentsstateoftheartabinitio calculationstorevealthegeometryofgoldclustersmadewithtenorsogold atomsandtheirnon-metallicbehaviourwiththeonsetofasemiconductor- like gap.Applications in the fields of biology and medicine are treated in two chapters with two complementary approaches: Chapter 10 reviews theapproachofphysicistswhoengineertheplasmonicpropertiestodesign smartbiosensorsand Chapter11presentstheapproachofbiologistswho seekingoldnanoparticlesanewmethodfordrugdeliveryandtherapeutic viii November15,2012 11:28 9inx6in GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,BiologyandChemistry b1370-fm Preface—GoldNanoparticlesforPhysics,ChemistryandBiology treatments. However nanoparticles also inspire fear because they can be considered as invasive and uncontrollable nano-objects and may lead to unpredictableconsequencesonhealthandtheenvironment.Thatistherea- sonwhythepotentialtoxicityofgoldnanoparticlesisreviewedinChapter 12. The book concludes in Chapter 13 with a survey of the promises of goldnanoparticlesandthetechnologicalapplicationsthatcouldbecomea partofeverydaylifeinthefuture. The book may be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students and young scientists who need an introduction to gold nanoparticles. It is alsosuitableforexpertsintherelatedareasofchemistry,biology,material science,opticsandphysics,whoareinterestedinbroadeningtheirknowl- edgeandgaininganoverviewofthesubject.Eachchaptergraduallyleads the reader from the basis of a topic to some selected scientific challenges in the area. It provides the necessary up-to-date background material and scientificliteraturetogofurther. Finally, we are grateful to all who contributed to this work: first to the ten authors who have always been very responsive and enthusiastic about theideaofthebook.WethankImperialCollegePressforitsstrongsupport of the proposition of publishing such an interdisciplinary book based on goldnanoparticles.AspecialthanksgoestoCatharinaWeijmanandSarah Hayneswhomadethetaskofassemblingthebookeasier.ThankstoRichard HollidayoftheWorldGoldCouncilforhissuggestionsandadvice.Wealso wanttoacknowledgeparticularlythehelpfromRachelDohertyandPhilip Campbell for their contribution in improving the quality of the English of somepartsofthetext. CatherineLouis OlivierPluchery Paris,20June,2012 ix
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