God and the State

102 Pages·1970·2.85 MB·English

by  Michael Bakunin

MICHAEL BAKUNIN
GOD AND THE STATE
WITH NAE W INTRODUCTIAONND
INDEXO F PERSONSb yP AULA VRICH
PROFESSOOFRH ISTORQYU,E ENCSO LLEGE
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INTRODUCTTOTI HOEDN O VEERD ITION
Thimsa nw asb ornno utn dearn o rdinastraybr u tu ndear c omet.
-ALEXANDER HERZEN
Itw asn earalc ye ntaugroty ahtM ichaBealkn uiwnr otweha tw as
tob ecohmiems o scte laetberpda mpehtGl,o da ndt hSet atAett. ahtt ime,
anarchwiassem m ergiansga majofror cew ithtihner veoultniaory
movemeanntd, ntahmeoe f B akuniitnfsor, me oscth amopnai ndp rpoh­
etw,a sa sw ell kanmoonwgnt hweo rkresa ndr aidcailn tellectuals of
Euorpea st ahto fK arMla rx, withhe w wahsco ommp etifnorlg e ader­
shipt ehoF fi rIsntrt neantailo.
Inc ontratsoMt a rxB,a kunhiandw onh irspe utianotc hieaflsay n
activriashtte trh aant ehoriosftr beellHieow na.sb orinn to Ruthses ian
landgeendt riyn 18b1ut4a ,sa y oungm ana bandohnieasdr myco m­
misisoann dn oblhee ritfaogare c arrea esa profieosnsravelol uotnisit.
Leaving iRn1u 8s4s0ait,at haeg eo ft wnety-shiedx e,d aitcehdi lsi fe
toa s trugagglaneis tty rannayl ilti fsnor msH.e w asn oot net os iitn
librasrtiuedsy,ai nndgw ritaibnogu ptr eedteremdir nevolutIim­ons.
patnitfe ora.c itonh,et hrewh ismeilnft toh uep risoif1n 8g4sw8 i tihr re­
presseixbulrbeae ncaeP ,ro methefiagnu mroev iwnigt thh e tide of revolt
frmo Paritsh beta or ardiecosf AustrGiear maannMdyen . lBiakkeu n,i n
ac ompaonnir emark"egodrw,i n hau rarnieac ndr inpb eettienr stormy
weahtetrh ans uinns eh.i'Bn"u th iasr redsurti ntgh e Driensudsrerne c­
tioonf1 84c9u st ohrhti fse evrirsveho luntairoayc tivHiets yp.et tn he
nexeti gyheta irnsp rissoinox,ft ehmi nt hdea rkdeusgtne noso ft sarist
Russainadw, h ehne e megredh,i sse tnencec ommutteoad l itfeer omf
Sbierieaxnei ,hl ew ast ooetshfslr mo sucrvayn dh ihse alstehr iously
impeadiI.rn 1861, hheeo swacepvehedsri w.,a rdsea rnde mbrakedu pon
a sesantinoaold ysstehyae tnc irctlheegd l eo abndm adehs in amea
legeanndda no bjteo cfw orshiinrp a digcoraupls a lolv eEru orpe.
Asa r omantribece aln da na ctifvoreci en h sitroyB,a kunin exerted
ap ernsaola ttrianoct tahtM arxco ulnde verri v"aEl.vy etrhgia nbout
himw asc olossalr,ce"a lltehdec omposeRri chda Wragnear f,le low
patricipiantn hteD resduepnr isingh,e w a"saf nudlo lfa primiviet
1E .L ampert,S tudieisnR ebellio(nL ondon, p1.91 5178).,
VI PAULA VRICH
exubaenrcaen ds trengBtahk.u"nn2'i "sol vef rot eh fantasftouircn ­,
usuauln,eh arda-dovfe ntwuhreisco,hp eunp v ast hotreih zoenonsfd,
whiccahn nboeft o reeens,t"o q uotheio sw nw ordsis,n peidre xtravagant
dreaimnso therasn,d b yt htem ieo fh idse atihn1 87h6e h adw on a
unqiuep laacmeo gnt haed vneturaenrdsm artyorfts h er veolutionary
tradiHtiibsor no.am da gniamniatnydc hildeltnihkues ihaisbsmu ,r ning
pasisofnor bleritayn de qutaylh,ii vso lcaonnsilcah utgasg aipnrsitv ilege
andi njustitchei-sa lhglia mev enor mouhsu man apptehaell i b­ienr
taricainr colfhe isds a y.
ButB akun,ia nsh icsr itniecvste rie rdo fp ointoiuntwg,a sn ota
systeimcta ihntkeNro.rd ihde ecvlearti omb eF.o hre c ondseeirdh im­
sealr fe vlouitosntoi ft he d"enoetda , p hiloasnodnp ohaten ir n venotfo r
systelmiskM,ea rx.H"e3r ef usteodr ecognizteh eexi snteceo fa nyp re­
conceivoerpd r eordalianwoesfd h isrtyoH.e r jeectteehd v ietwh ta
socicahlag ned epends thuegp roand uuanfllo dnigo f" obtjievceh"i s­
toircaclo nditHieob neisle.v eodnt, h econ tratrhya,mt en s haept heir
ownd estitnahitet sh,e liirv ceasn nboets queeiznetdao P rocrustean
bedo fa bstrsaoccti ioclaforolgm ula"sN.ot ehoryn,o r aedy-masdyes ­
temn,o b ootkh ahta esv ebre new ritwtieslnal v teeh w orldB,a"k unin
decla"rIec dl.e atvoe snyos teIam m,a t ures eekeBry.t "e4a chtihneg
worketrehsor iehses, a iMda,r wxo udlo nlys ucceedi ns tigflt ihnree vo­
lutiofnreaovrrey v ermya na lreapdoys seess-"stehi muplsteol bier�y,
thep asisofno erq utaylt,ih eh oliysn tnicto fr veolt.U"nl kieM arx's
"scie"n stoicfiicahliiossw mns, o ciaBlaiksumn,ia snsr etewda,s" puerly
isntinctive."6
Bakuniinn'flnsuc eet,h en,P eatrseK ropotkreimanr kewda,sp ri­
maritlhya otf a "moarlp ernsaotlyi"ra thetrh aonf iannl tleectual
authority. hAewl rtohtpoeru ogdhi gihoeud sildny o,tl eavae s ignle
finsihebdo otko p osterHiewt ays.f orveerst artnienwwg o rkws hich,
owigtn oh itsu rbuelxesinttee n,wc ereb rokoeffni nm id-csoeau nrdn ever
completHeisdl .i teoraurptyu ti,nT homasM asarydke'ssct iroinwp,a s
a" patckho wfof arrgmentAsn.dy" e th,o weveerrri acat ndu nmethodi­
calh,iw sr igtsia nbouinndfl ashoefis n sitghhaittl lnuamtiseo moef the
mositm optransto cqiuaels toifoh nitssmi e-anodfo usr.
•E .H .C arrM,i chaeBla kunin( NewY ork,1 961p).,1 96.
•I u.M . StekloMvi,k haiAll eksandrovich B4avk oulnsi(.nM ,o scow1,9 26-19I2I7I1,) 1,2 .
•C arrM,i chaeBla kuninp,.1 75.
•M . A. BakuninO,e uvre6sv ,o ls(.P ari1s8, 95-19I1I3,3) 9,9 S;t ekloMvi,k haiAll ek­
sandroviBcahk llniIn,1, 89.
INTRODUCTIOTNO THE DOVERE DITION Vll
Goda ndt heS tatiesa ne xcenltcl aesien p onitI. ti sd isjeodi,n t
rpeetist,pi ooourolryg aniaznedfd u,ol fld igresasnidlo ongnsf ootnotes
thatte ntdos oefnti tpso liecmiaml paAclttl.h e siatims fe o,er fcualn d
energe,at nidpc acdkw eitahre rstgia nphoritshmatste sttioBf aky un'isn
remarkaibnltetu iivgei fAtssa .r esuGlotd ,a nd thhea bsS etcaotetm hee
moswti derlaeyd a nd efqruenqtuloyt oefda lBlak un'iswn orks. But
pehraptsh mea nir aesofno irt pso upliatriyst ahti,nv ivliadn guaangde
relativberlicyeo fm paistss e,t s tfeho rbatishce e lmnetosf B aku'nsi n
anarccheriesdt.
Thek eynootfGe o da ndt hSet aitesB akunirepnu'sd iaotfai uotnoh r­
itayn d coeirnec vieorfnyo rIm.na w itehripnags sahgeve e nthiss fury
on" altlh et ormteosnr,a ltlh eo ppresasnordas l,tl eh exopilteorfs
humainty-repisst,m onarcshtsa,t essmoelendr,is p,u blaincdp rivate
finacnieorffisc,i oafla sls lro tpso,l icegmenedna,r mjeasi,sla enrde xecu­
tieornsm,on opsotlsei,oc noimstpso,l itiocfai laslnh dsae sd,o wnt ot he
smallveesntdo ofsr w eetsm.eB"au ttt hlee adiinnsgt itouftm iaonn'ss
ensleamvent-"tmwyob e tneosi rehse,c "a ltlhsme -arteh ceh uracnhd
thseat teE.v ersyt ahtaebs e eanni nstrubmywe hnitc aph r ivilfeegwe d
havweei ldpeodw eorvr et hiem mnesmea jorAintdye .v ercyh urhcahs
beean l oyaalllo yft hset aitne tshueb jugaoftm iaonnk i.Gn odvern­
menttsh roughhsiooturthy a vues erdle igbiootnah sa m eanosfk eeipng
meni ni gnoraanncdae sa "saf-evtaylvfeoh"ru mamnis erayn df rus­
triaotnM.o ret hatnha tt,h vee reys seeo nfcr eliigsit ohnde isapgaer­
menotfh umanfiottryh geer atgeolrr oy fG od".G obde ienvgye rtihng,"
Bakunwirni t"etsh,re e awlo rld anadr nemo etinhn gG;o db eintgr uth,
juiscteg,o oedsnsb,e autpyo,w, ea rndlf iem,a ni sf alsehionoedq,u ity,
ev,iu lgleisnism,p ontceea,n dde atGho.db egim nastmearn,i ts hsel ave."
No lestsah nt hest ate, retlhieginsi,t o hnen egatoiffo erne doamn d
equalTithuys.i fG odr ealelxiys tBsak,u nicnoc nludiensv,e rat ing
famoduisc tumV ooliftr ae"'tisw ,o ulbden ecessaarbyo lthiois m"h .
Bakunpirno claainma eldl -out watrh eca hguariacnnhsd tt h e
statIef. ment oba erf er eteeh,y m ustthr owo fft eh doubyloek oef
spiritutaelm paonardua tlrh iotTyo.a ccomsphtl hsiit hemyu sbtir ng
tob eatrh tew o" mosptr eciqouuasle isw"ti itwhh icthh eayr een dowed:
tehp owert h_tinok and the desiHruem athnoi srrtyieo tbsebelel.gf a n
witahna cotf t houghatn dr beellIifAo dna.m a ndEv eh ado beytehde
Almightwyh ehne f orbtaedhemt ot outcehht ereo fk nwolegdeh,u man­
ity woulbde echnoa nevdem netdop ertpueablod nagBeu.t S at-a"nteh
Vlll PAULA VRICH
eterrneablet lh,efi rsfter ethiannkdet rh ee macnipra�ot fow orlds"­
persuatdheetdm o t astthefe r uoifkt no wledagnedl iebrtTyh.e ssea me
weaponesa-sraonnd rebellnioownb -etm uursnateg da itnhsceth urch
andt hset aAtned. otnhceeay r oev retohwrnt heew rildla wn nae w Eden
fomra niknda,n ewe roaf f reedaonmdh apipness.
Butt htea sokf l iberawtairsonB na,k unwiinln,lo bte e asFyo.r
alreaan deyw c lasse mhegaredst haati mtsok eetph mea ssiensi gnor­
ancien o rdetror uloev etreh m.T hesew ouldo-pbpee rssoarrset eh
intcetlulaealbso,v ael Mla rxa ndh ifso llower"spe,r sist osfc iee"n c
ordaiinnae nde wp rivilcehguerdcs hu poefr eiduocart i.o nThe rule of
thien teulalleascc,otc rdgit noB akunwionu,lb den ol eospsp resstihvaen
threu loefk nigosr p reistosrh olsdo efpr roperTthyeg. o vernmoefna tn
educaetiletdle i,k teh weo rsrte liioguasn dp oliictadle spotoifts meh s
pas"tc,a nnfoattio lb e i mpotreindutoil,uc si,n humcarnu,oe plp,r ievses,
explionigmt,a leficent."
Witht hswi arniBnakgu niannt icitpha"et neewdc laslsa"bt ehla t
latcerrii ctwse ert op ionn M arxh'essi i rnt htew entcieentyth.u H re
assaitlehe tdeh oriasntdss y esmt-buesirw lhdosseo a-lcl"esdc ieonfc e
soectiyw"a ss acrifircaeilln igof net hael toafsr hc oltaisacb stractions.
Her eufsetdos ehdt hfie citonosfr eliagniodmn e taphsym seiercltyo
sete ehmr eplabcyew dh ahte c onsidtehrene edwfi ctoinso fp seu­do
scienstoiocfiligcoy .H et heefroprer oclai"merevdlo toa f l ifaeg ainst
sceincoer,r athaegra,i tnhsetg oevrnmeonfst c iee.n"Fc ort het rue
missoifos nce incaen dl eargn,hi ein nssteidw,a sn otto g ovemrenn b ut
tor esctuhee fmr osmu perosntd,ir tuidgearnydd, i sea"sIean.w ord,"
hew reisti nG oda ndt hSet at"es,cn iceies t hceo mpaosfls i bfuetn o tl ife
itseBlufth. o"w c ant hsin ewf ormd eopsfo tibseam v oi?dB eadknui'ns
answwearst ow resetd ucaftriootmneh m onpoolgyar sopf t ehp rivileged
clasasnedms a kieta v aileaqbulyae tl ole veyornLek.ie c apaillt,e argn in
must cteoba est eh epa trimotnhyfe e owaf n db ecotmehp ea triym on
ofa lmle n",i onr dtehra tteh m assceesa,s tionb gefl ocklsea dn ds hron
byp rivilpergieemdsa tyst ,a kien ttoh eoiwrn handtsh dei recotfi on
thedierts inies."
Sucwha st ehp owermfeusls aogfGe o da ndt hSet atBeu.ti td indo t
appeianpr r iunntt il s1xiy8 e8a2sar, f tBeakr un'isdn eatFho.ri tw as
onltyh etnh atteh m anuscwraisdp its covaemrogen dh ipsa pebryst wo
well-kannoawrnc hCiasrtlCsoa, fi earnodE liseRee clwuhso,h adb een
closaeslsyo cdiw aittehhi md uritnhgle a sytea rosf h ilsfi ew,h ehni s
INTRODUCTIOTNO THE DOVERE DITION lX
libertdaorcitarnsi anwte hse fiulrl eflsotw erTinhegm .a nuspctbr rieaks
offi nm i-dsenncteea,n dC afireoa ndR eclausst ,eh yr elaitnte eh ir
Prefabceel,i eivttio bn egp arotf lae totrer re pournted,r totoosk e arch
fotrh ree mai.nB duettr heeiffro rwtesr ienv aiann,dt heyb routgo hut
thter nuctaetde xats paa mpehtil nG enevhaa,v ignvigen i tt htei tolfe
Dieue tl 'et(aGto adn dt ehS tatbeyw) hicihtw ast ob ecofmaem ous.
Theyd indo ts uspt-encowre rteeh ye vetro l earhna-ttt eh manu­
scriwpatsa cutalalnyu nupblissheegdm eonftT h eK nouto-Germanic
Empirea ndt hSeo ciRaelv olutainoa nm,b iutswi oorokn w hicBhak unin
hadl aborfietdlf lubye twe1e8n7 a0nd 187b2u th adn evemra naged
toc omplete.
TheK nouto-GerEmmapniir-ce teht tiel derifvreostm h eu nhloy
alliabnecteew neR ussiaanndG ermaanu thoritatrosi taanmiopsu mt
sociparlo gsrse-soi noef B akun'isln ongaensmdt o sitmp ortlainrttae ry
efforHtesh .i msceallfli ethd si " testnatm,ae"n dd eveodtc onisderable
energtyoi tcso mposirtainognii,nnc g h aracteridsitsiccuarflsaslhiyiv oe n
ovre wai daes osrmtenotf s ubtjsef crohmi staonrdyp olticist om eta­
physsi acndr eloni.gP iarIt, w rittageani ntshte b akcgrouonftd eh
Franco-PrWuasr,sd ieaamnl asni lwyi ttheh r esistbaytn ehcF er ench
to Gerimmaepnr ialainsdwm a,sp ubliisnhp eadmh plefto rimn 1 871.
WhatC afioe arndR eclcuasl l"eGdo adn dt hSet taew"a sa frmagent
frotmh uen pusbhleaidn du nfinisPhaerIdtI f,ro w hicBhak un'ison wn
ttielw as" ThHei storSiocpsahmlsi tohf eD octriSncahiorooefCl o m­
munsim,w"h icahp,a rfortm b eing unbweiaebrlusdt y ,l rietlitanoltt eo
itcso nteTnhtes" .G oadn dt hSet atsee"c twiaoswn r ittaeswn e,k now
frmo Baku'nsid nairyi,nF ebryu aanrd Marcohf1 87o1n,t heev eo f
the PCaormimusn eb,u ts eveorfai ltt sh emest-anbotlhyei detaha t
governtma enndr elihgaivoaenl wawyosr kteodg etthoke ere mpe ni n
chains-bceta rna cteoBd a ku'nsti ehnnu npusbhleeids saFye,de ralism,
SocialiasnmdA, n titheol(owgrisimti tn1e 8n6 7a)n,dw eert oc roupp
agaiinn h ipso lesmw iictGhi useMpapzeiz naif ttehrfe a olfl tChoem ­
munei nM ay1 871.
,Withai snhr ott mie atfeirt isn itpiuabll icbaytC iaofine arnod
ReclGuosda, n dt hSet abtee catmehem oswtid elcyi rcuolfaB taekdu 'nsi n
workasd ,i stinwchtciihno,en a ralc ye ntulrayti etsr, t ielnjlyo sI.t h as
beetnr anslianttmeoad n yl anguaignecsl,uE dnignslg,hi GermDaucnth,,
ItaalnS,i panisRhu,si sanP,o liCszhe,c Rhu,m naiaann,dY iddisThhe.
firsEtn gltirsahn slbaytt ihoAenm ,e ricaanna ricsBhte njaTmuikcne r,
x PAULA VRICH
appaereidn B ostionn1 88s3c,a rcaey leyaa rtf etrh eor iingaFlr ench
editTioukncer.' rse ndges ruiffnerheodw,e vferro,am n umboefrh an­di
capsN.o to nyl hadC afiearnod R eclaulst eBraekdu n'istn exitna few
placteogs vi eh iFsr enacs hm ootahnedmr o rleti eraqruya libtutyt,eh y
hadt ranssepdso evepraasls aagnedso cciaosnamlislrye aBdak un'isn
handtwirgni,w hicwha sa sc haiocat sh iost hpeerr sotnarailtW sh.e n
thfier scto rrFercetn tcehxw ta sp ubliisnh1e 9d0 i8t, wfaosl lobwye d
a newE ngliedsiht iwohni,ca hp peairneL do ndoinn1 910T. hisw as
essenitaltlhyeT uckterra nslationt,oc ornefvotirosmB e akdu nn'is
actutaelxt tah,t i sw,i tuhtot eha lrtaeitonosfC afiearnodR eclSutsi.l l
anotheedrin t,oi fow hicthh per esveonltu imsear eprwianstb ,r ought
oubty E mmaG oldmaMno'tsh Eearr tphr eisns1 91a6n,d i si dentical
wittheh L ondvoenr seixocne fpotr f eaw midffnieorre ensic n wording
andp unctuianot.
Whilteh e Gaondd tShtea stee gmefinrtsa tp peairne d 1i8t8w 2a,s
notf oarn othgeernr eaitotnah tt hefu ltle xotfT heK nouto-Germanic
Empri-eParIta sn dI ,It ogetwhiettrhw oa dditifornmaagenlt asn dt he
remainodfael ro nfgo nootte-siatwwsa yi ntpor inIt fit.na llayp peared
int hesx i-volFurmeen ecdhi toifoB nak un'iscn ollewcotrekds( 8 195-
1913e)di,t ebdyt hlee adainnagr icshhtsi torMiaaxnN ettl(aVluou me
I)a ndb yJ amseG uilla(uVomleu mIe-IsV !B)a,k uni'nsf aitShwfisusl
dsicipTlheew. h loeo fP arItIo fT heK nouto-GerEmmapniircoe c cupies
page9s- 17o7ft het hivrodl umoefw, h ich p1a81g-3e1cs o natitnhe
corrteecxottf w hatC afiearnodR eclhuasdp ubliusnhdetedreh t tiloef
God atnhdSe t atPea.g e9s- 1a7r per efarteomrayr okflts it lcoen qsueecne,
whitlhere e main(dapegers1 32-1i7sa7 c)o nntuiaitoonf aatnt abcyk
Bakunionn t ehF renlcbiher aplh oislophVecirt oCro sui(n7 192-1867)
thtab egsio nnt he finpaalgo efG oda ndt hSet atCeo.u swianst hfeo under
oft h"ee cleschctoiocla "n da,st ehn amiem pelshi,a dd rawonna w ide
varioeftt yh eroieisnw hatB akunrieng aradsae m dis guiadtteedm ptto
provteh eex istenocfGe od antdoj usyt tihfeex isetnec oft hest ate.
Thec ontinuoafGt oidao nndt hSet acteo nsiosftt hrsit eneunm ebred
paragrappehpsrp,ee dw itchr itiacasli daensd f oontoteisn,w hich
Cousidno'csnt ersai res ummariaznedrd e futPeadr.ra agpthh rieten
breaks moidff- sienne t,ae nndnc oc oncilnou hsabse nef onudN.e atrh e
end,h owevteehrr,ie st ehb eginninogfa f onototweh icahl sbor eaokffs
inm id-sentbeunttc heer emainodfwe hri cwha sd sicovebryeM da x
Nettlaanudp ulbish(teir du snt os omsei xptayg eisn) tfihrsevt o lume