Table Of Content

Goat Medicine and Surgery Goat Medicine and Surgery DAVID HARWOOD BVETMED FRCVS Chairman Goat Veterinary Society Honorary Veterinary Surgeon, British Goat Society Visiting Reader in Veterinary Field Pathology, Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey Guildford, UK Formerly Veterinary Investigation Officer, Animal and Plant Health Agency, UK KARIN MUELLER MVSC DCHP DIPECBHM MRCVS RCVS and European Diplomate & Specialist in Cattle/Bovine Health Senior Lecturer Animal Husbandry & Reproduction Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-4863-6 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liabil- ity for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care profession- als and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Harwood, David, BVM, author. | Mueller, Karin, author. Title: Goat medicine and surgery / David Harwood and Karin Mueller. Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2017034019 (print) | LCCN 2017035549 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315152233 (Master eBook) | ISBN 9781498748636 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Goats--Diseases. | MESH: Goat Diseases Classification: LCC SF968 (ebook) | LCC SF968 .H27 2018 (print) | NLM SF 968 | DDC 636.3/90896--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034019 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com CONTENTS v Preface xix Abbreviations xxi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 EVOLUTION 1 GOAT BREEDS AND THEIR PURPOSES 3 GENOMICS 3 BEHAVIOUR 4 NUTRITION 7 ENVIRONMENT 11 Housing 11 Fencing 12 Tethering 12 HANDLING 12 PHYSIOLOGY AND BODY FEATURES 13 Lactation 13 Horns 13 Coat 13 Wattles 14 Weight 14 Longevity 14 HISTORY TAKING AND CLINICAL EXAMINATION 14 Farm related history of interest 14 For the individual animal, history of interest 14 Basic clinical examination 14 ADMINISTERING MEDICATION 15 Oral administration 15 Subcutaneous injection 16 Intramuscular injection 16 Intravenous injection and catheterisation 17 Intraperitoneal injection 18 Subconjunctival injection 18 ROUTINE PROCEDURES AND HEALTH PLANNING 18 BIOSECURITY 18 LEGISLATION 20 vi Contents CHAPTER 2 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 21 THE DOE 21 NORMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 21 FERTILITY 21 FECUNDITY 22 OESTROUS CYCLE AND SIGNS OF OESTRUS 22 CONTROL OF OESTRUS 23 Out-of-season breeding 23 Synchronisation during the breeding season 23 OVARIAN DISORDERS 24 Anoestrus 24 Cystic ovarian disease 25 BREEDING 25 Natural service 25 Artificial insemination 26 Embryo transfer 27 Pregnancy diagnosis 28 Misalliance 28 UTERINE DISORDERS 28 Anatomical abnormalities – congenital 28 Anatomical abnormalities – acquired 29 Endometritis 30 Uterine neoplasia 31 HERD INFERTILITY PROBLEM 32 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 32 Caprine herpesvirus 1 32 EMBRYONIC LOSS AND ABORTION 33 ABORTION 34 Common infectious causes of abortion 35 Toxoplasmosis 35 Chlamydiosis (syns. enzootic abortion, ovine enzootic abortion) 36 Q fever 38 Brucellosis 39 Listeriosis 40 Less common infectious causes of abortion 41 Salmonellosis 41 Neosporosis 42 Tick-borne fever 42 Arbovirus infections 42 Campylobacter infection 42 Leptospirosis 43 Border disease virus/bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BDV/BVDV) 43 Caprine herpesvirus 43 Rift Valley fever 43 Maceration – non-specific 43 Contents vii Non-infectious causes of abortion 43 Pharmacological products 43 Toxicity 44 Vitamin/mineral deficiencies 44 Malnutrition/pregnancy toxaemia 44 Habitual abortion in Angora goats 44 Mummification – non-specific 44 THE BUCK 45 NORMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 45 OUT-OF-SEASON BREEDING 45 Indications 45 Technique 45 EXAMINATION FOR BREEDING SOUNDNESS 45 Indications 45 Aetiology 46 History 47 Physical examination 47 Genital tract examination 47 Semen evaluation 47 TESTICULAR AND EPIDIDYMAL ABNORMALITIES 49 Testicular hypoplasia 49 Testicular degeneration or atrophy 49 Orchitis and epididymitis 50 Cryptorchism (syn. retained gonad) 51 ACCESSORY SEX GLAND DISORDERS 52 PENIS AND PREPUCE ABNORMALITIES 52 Penile deviation 52 Penile trauma 53 Phimosis and paraphimosis 54 Balanoposthitis 54 Neoplasia of the male reproductive tract 55 CASTRATION 56 VASECTOMY 57 TEMPORARY SUPPRESSION OF FERTILITY 59 OTHER MALE DISORDERS 59 Gynaecomastia 59 Venereal disease 59 CHAPTER 3 PREGNANCY AND PARTURITION 61 PREGNANCY 61 Pregnancy diagnosis 61 PREPARTUM PROBLEMS 63 Hypocalcaemia and pregnancy toxaemia 63 Mummification, maceration and fetal maldevelopment 63 Pseudopregnancy (syns. cloudburst, hydrometra) 63 viii Contents Hydrops uteri 64 Vaginal and cervical prolapse 65 Rupture or herniation of the uterus 66 Induction of parturition 67 Ante-natal preparation 67 PARTURITION 67 Normal parturition 67 Dystocia 68 Failure of cervical dilation (syn. ringwomb) 70 Uterine torsion 71 Caesarean section 72 Fetotomy 75 POST-PARTURIENT PROBLEMS 77 Haemorrhage 77 Laceration of the cervix 77 Laceration of the vagina 78 Recto-vaginal fistula 78 Vaginal prolapse – post-parturient 79 Uterine rupture 79 Uterine prolapse 79 Retained fetal membranes 81 Metritis 82 Necrotic vaginitis 84 Bladder eversion or herniation 84 CHAPTER 4 NEONATOLOGY 85 INTRODUCTION 85 WEAK NEWBORN KIDS 85 Congenital abnormalities 85 Genetic abnormalities 85 Developmental insult abnormalities 85 Mineral shortfall abnormalities 86 Known heritable abnormalities 86 RESPIRATION 86 Normal adaptation 86 Asphyxia 86 CARDIAC FUNCTION AND CIRCULATION 88 Normal adaptation 88 Absent heartbeat 88 Cardiovascular defects 88 THERMOREGULATION 89 Normal adaptation 89 Hypothermia 89 Contents ix IMMUNE SYSTEM 90 Normal adaptation 90 Failure of passive transfer 91 Neonatal septicaemia (syn. sepsis) 93 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 95 Normal adaptation 95 Hypoglycaemia 95 Meconium retention 96 Atresia ani, recti or coli 96 Cleft palate (syn. palatoschisis) 97 URINARY FUNCTION 97 Normal adaptation 97 Urine retention 97 MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION 98 Normal adaptation 98 Contracted tendons 98 Flexor tendon laxity 99 Arthrogryposis 99 White muscle disease 100 METABOLIC DISORDERS 100 Neonatal acidosis 100 Floppy-kid syndrome 100 Beta-mannosidosis 101 Iodine deficiency (congenital hyperplastic goitre) 101 NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION 101 Normal adaptation 101 Congenital central nervous system abnormalities 102 Congenital swayback 102 MISCELLANEOUS 102 Neonatal maladjustment syndrome 102 Prematurity 103 Low birth weights 103 Sticky kid disease 104 ARTIFICIAL REARING 104 Fostering 104 Supplementing 104 Routine artificial rearing 105 CHAPTER 5 DIGESTIVE TRACT AND ABDOMEN 109 CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 109 Oral and dental examination 109 Abdominal examination 109 Ancillary diagnostics 111

Description:

Goats are one of the most widely kept domestic animals globally, mainly as a result of the relative ease with which they can be kept and the obvious benefits provided to those who keep them. Goat Medicine and Surgery describes the key diseases that can have an impact on goat health and welfare world