Glottal airflow characteristics of adult men and women as a function of age and intensity level PDF
Preview Glottal airflow characteristics of adult men and women as a function of age and intensity level
GLOTTALAIRFLOWCHARACTERISTICSOFADULTMENANDWOMEN ASAFUNCTIONOFAGEANDINTENSITYLEVEL By MARYMARGARETGORHAM-ROWAN ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completionofthisdissertationrepresentstheachievementofalongawaitedgoal inmylife. Thisgoalcouldnothavebeenachievedwithoutthesupportandofmyfamily, friendsandmentors,allofwhompatientlystoodbymethroughanextraordinarilylong andfrequentlydifficultprocess. Firstandforemost,Iwishtothankmymentor,Christine Sapienza,forsharingherknowledgeandexpertisewithme,andguidingmethroughthis process. Iwouldalsoliketothankthemembersofmycommittee,WilliamS.Brown,Jr., KyleRarey,andHowardRothmanfortheircontinuedpatience,support,andguidance. A noteofappreciationisextendedtoRichardMorris,long-timementorandfriend,whonot onlyinitiallyencouragedmetofollowthispathbutwhohascontinuedtoprovidehis assistanceandsupportfortheduration. Iwouldalsoliketoacknowledgeallthesubjects whoparticipatedinthestudyandwillinglydonatedtheirtimewithoutcompensation. I wouldliketothankallmyfriendsforstandingbymeandallowingmetoverbalizemy fearsandfrustrations-overandoveragain. Ithankmyin-laws,Bill,Joy,Jenny,and Ruth,whohavegenerouslygiventheirloveandsupporttomethroughoutthisprocess. I thankmyfamily,includingmysistersKathleenandCandace,andespecially,myparents. JackandTeresa,foralltheirloveandsupportinhelpingmerealizethisgoal. Finally,but certainlynotleast,anincrediblenoteofgratitudegoestomyhusband,Ril,whohas supportedmeineverywaypossiblethroughoutmyentiregraduatecareer,andhencehas earnedadoctorateinhisownright. ii TABLEOFCONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLEOFCONTENTS iii LISTOFTABLES vi LISTOFFIGURES viii ABSTRACT x 4CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONANDREVIEWOFLITERATURE 1 Age-RelatedChangesintheLarynx 2 Age-RelatedChangesintheRespiratorySystem 9 Age-RelatedChangesinSpeechBreathing 14 LaryngoscopicCharacteristicsofAgedVocalFolds 16 AcousticMeasuresofVocalAging 18 AerodynamicMeasuresofVocalAging 20 PerceptualIdentificationofElderlySpeakers 22 TheUseofAerodynamicMeasurestoMeasureLaryngealFunction 24 SpeechTasks 28 Summary 29 Hypotheses 30 2 MATERIALSANDMETHODS 33 3 RESULTS 54 AcousticandAerodynamicMeasurements: MainEffects 54 AcousticandAerodynamicMeasurements: Interactions andPostHocAnalyses 60 PerceptualResults 72 DISCUSSION 76 page AcousticandAerodynamicMeasures 76 PerceptualAnalysis 94 VariabilityintheElderlyPopulation 100 ProceduralDifferences 102 LimitationsofStudy 103 5 SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS 106 REFERENCES Ill APPENDIX A MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORYOUNGWOMEN ATACOMFORTABLEINTENSITYLEVEL 128 B MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORYOUNGMEN ATACOMFORTABLEINTENSITYLEVEL 129 C MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORELDERLYWOMEN ATACOMFORTABLEINTENSITYLEVEL 130 D MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORELDERLYMEN ATACOMFORTABLEINTENSITYLEVEL 131 E MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORYOUNGWOMEN ATALOUDINTENSITYLEVEL 132 F MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORYOUNGMEN ATALOUDINTENSITYLEVEL 133 GMEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORELDERLYWOMEN ATALOUDINTENSITYLEVEL 134 H MEANSANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASUREMENTSFORELDERLYMEN ATALOUDINTENSITYEVEL 135 IV page I COEFFICIENTOFVARIATIONFORTHEACOUSTICAND AERODYNAMICMEASURESACCORDINGTOSUBJECT GROUPANDINTENSITYCONDITION 136 BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 137 v LISTOFTABLES 1- Table page 2- 1 Summaryofage-relatedchangesinaccordingtotypeofspeechtask inmenandwomen 21 1 Resultsofthepoweranalysis,basedonpeakglottalairflowofwomen ofdifferentages 33 2-2 GRBASscale 47 2-3 Numberofyearsofexperienceoftheexpertratesand 2- intra-raterreliability 48 23--4 Pearsonr2correlationcoefficientsforinter-raterreliabilityamongthe fiveexpertjudgesinratingbreathinessduringsustainedphonation atacomfortableintensitylevel 49 2-5 Pearsonr2correlationcoefficientsforinter-raterreliabilityamongthe fiveexpertjudgesinratingbreathinessduringsustainedphonation ataloudintensitylevel 49 6 SignificantPearsonr2correlationsamongthedependentvariables accordingtophonationcondition 52-53 1Overallmeansandstandarddeviationvaluesoftheacousticand aerodynamicmeasurementsobtainedduringcomfortablephonation 55 3-2Overallmeansandstandarddeviationvaluesoftheacousticand aerodynamicmeasurementsobtainedduringloudphonation 56 3-3 ResultsoftheANCOVA 57 3-4 Resultsofposthoccomparisonsusingtheleastsignificantdifference testforthesexxageinteraction,conductedattheBonferronicorrected alphalevelofp<001 58 3-5 Resultsofposthoccomparisonsusingtheleastsignificantdifference testforthesexbyintensityinteractionconductedattheBonferroni correctedalphalevelofp<001 58-59 3-6 Resultsofposthoccomparisonsusingtheleastsignificantdifference testforthesexbyagebyintensityinteractionconductedattheBonferroni correctedalphalevelofp<001 59 vi page 3-7 Semitonestandarddeviationdataforyoungandelderlymenand womengroupedacrossintensityconditions 62 3-8 Summedratingsofbreathinessforthesubjectgroupsaccordingto raterandintensitycondition 74 3-9 Pearsonrcorrelationcoefficientsdemonstratingtherelationship betweenthephysiologicmeasuresandindividuallistenerratings 75 LISTOFFIGURES 2- Figure page 3- 2-1 ExampleofprintoutobtainedfromtheMDVPprogramduring productionofthesustainedvowelloJ 37 2 Inverse-filteredglottalairflowwaveformdepictingpeakglottalairflow, minimumglottalairflow,andmaximumflowdeclinationrate 42 1 Sexxageinteractioncollapsedoverintensitylevelforfundamental frequency 60 3-2 Sexxageinteractioncollapsedoverintensityforfundamental frequencystandarddeviation 61 3-3 Sexxageinteractioncollapsedoverintensitylevelforminimum glottalairflow 63 3-4 Sexxageinteractioncollapsedoverintensitylevelformaximum flowdeclinationrate 64 3-5 Sexxintensityinteractioncollapsedoverageforfundamental frequency 65 3-6 Sexxintensityinteractioncollapsedoverageforpeakglottal airflow 65 3-7 Sexxintensityinteractioncollapsedoverageforminimumglottal airflow 67 3-8 Sexxintensityinteractioncollapsedoverageforalternatingglottal airflow 67 3-9 Sexxintensityinteractioncollapsedoverageformaximumflow declinationrate 69 viii page 3-10 Sexxagexintensityinteractionforminimumglottalairflow/peak glottalairflow 71 IX AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy GLOTTALAIRFLOWCHARACTERISTICSOFADULTMENANDWOMEN ASAFUNCTIONOFAGEANDINTENSITYLEVEL By MaryMargaretGorham-Rowan August,2002 Chair: ChristineM.Sapienza MajorDepartment: CommunicationSciencesandDisorders Thepresentstudywasconductedtoexaminetheeffectsofageandintensitylevel uponselectedacousticandaerodynamicmeasuresofvocalfoldfunction. Subjects includedfourgroupsof28individuals: youngmenaged20-30years,youngwomen aged20-30years,elderlywomenaged65-75years,andelderlymenaged65-75years. Subjectswereaskedtosustainthevowel/ /atbothacomfortableandloudintensity level. Measurementsderivedfromtheglottalairflowwaveformincluded: fundamental frequency(Fo),fundamentalfrequencystandarddeviation,peakglottalairflow,minimum glottalairflow,alternatingglottalairflow(ACflow),maximumflowdeclinationrate (MFDR),andtheratioofminimumflowtopeakflow(DC/PK). Theresultsofthestudy revealedasignificantdecreaseinFoforwomenwithagebutnochangeformen. No significantage-relatedeffectwasfoundforanyoftheremainingmeasures. Withregard x
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