Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms - Academy of Prosthodontics

83 Pages·2005·1.01 MB·English

THE GLOSSARY OF
PROSTHODONTIC
TERMS
A abutmentanalogn(2005):areplicaofthesuperiorportionofaden-
Abbeflap\a˘b#(cid:1)efla˘p\[RobertAbbe,NewYork,N.Y.surgeon,1851- talimplant.Usuallyusedtoprovideanexactformofthedentalim-
1928]:eponymforalipswitchoperation.Atriangular,fullthickness plantabutmentwithinthedentallaboratoryduringfabricationof
flap from the lower lip used to fill in a deficit in the upper lip. aprosthesissupportedinpartorwholebythedentalimplant
Specificallyappliedtothemidportionoftheupperorlowerlip— abutmentclamp\a-bu˘t#mentkla˘mp\(1998):anydeviceusedforpo-
calledalsolipswitchoperation sitioningadentalimplantabutmentuponthedentalimplantbody
Abbe,R.Anewplasticoperationforthereliefofdeformityduetodouble abutmentdrivern(2005):anyhandinstrumentusuallyspecifically
harelip.MedRec1898;53:477. madetoassistininsertionandsecuringofadentalimplantabut-
ab(cid:1)duct\a˘bdu˘kt#\vt(1834):todrawawayfromthemedianplane— menttothesuperiorportionofadentalimplant
compADDUCT abutmenthealingcapn(2005):anytemporarycoverusedtoprovide
ab(cid:1)er(cid:1)rant\a˘-be˘r#ant\adj(ca.1798)1:adeviationfromthenormalor asealoverthesuperiorportionofadentalimplant;mostsuchcov-
usualcourse,form,orlocation2:strayingfromthenormalway ersaremetallicandareintendedforinterimusagefollowingexpo-
ab(cid:1)frac(cid:1)tion \a˘b fra˘k#shun\ n (1991): the pathologic loss of hard sureofthedentalimplantssuperiorsurface
tooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces. Such abutmentpostn(2005):thatcomponentofadentalimplantabut-
lossisthoughttobeduetoflexureandchemicalfatiguedegrada- mentwhichextendsintotheinternalstructureofadentalimplant
tionofenameland/ordentinatsomelocationdistantfromthe andisusedtoprovideretentionand/orstabilitytothedentalim-
actual point of loading—comp ABLATION, ABRASION, plantabutment
ATTRITION,andEROSION abutmentscrewn(1998):thatcomponentwhichsecuresthedental
ab(cid:1)la(cid:1)tion\a˘-bl(cid:1)a#shun\n(15c)1:separationordetachment;extirpa- implant abutment to the dental implant body. See also
tion;eradication2:removalofapart,especiallybycutting—see ATTACHMENTSCREW
ABFRACTION,EROSION ac(cid:1)cel(cid:1)er(cid:1)ant\a˘k-se˘l#a-ra˘nt#\n(1916):asubstanceusedtoacceleratea
abrade\uh-br(cid:1)ad#\vt(1677):torubawaytheexternalcoveringorlayer process(asinenhancingthespeedofachemicalreaction)
ofapart—compATTRITION,EROSION ac(cid:1)cel(cid:1)er(cid:1)a(cid:1)tor\a˘k-se˘l#a-r(cid:1)a#ter\n(1611)1:asubstancethatspeedsa
abra(cid:1)sion\a˘-br(cid:1)a#shun\n(1656)1:thewearingawayofasubstanceor chemicalreaction2:inphysiology,anerve,muscle,orsubstance
structure(suchastheskinortheteeth)throughsomeunusualor thatquickensmovementorresponse
abnormal mechanical process 2: an abnormal wearing away of ac(cid:1)cre(cid:1)tion\a-kr(cid:1)e#shun\n(1615)1:theprocessofenlargementor
the tooth substance by causes other than mastication—comp growthbyagradualbuild-up2:inperiodontics,theaccumulation
ATTRITION,EROSION onteethordentalimplantsofforeignmaterialsuchasplaque,cal-
1abra(cid:1)sive\uh-br(cid:1)a#siv,-ziv\n(1853):asubstanceusedforabrading, culus,andmateriaalba
smoothing,orpolishing acentricrelation:seeECCENTRICRELATION
2abra(cid:1)sive\uh-br(cid:1)a#siv,-ziv\adj(1875)1:tendingtoabrade2:caus- ach(cid:1)ro(cid:1)mat(cid:1)ic\a˘k#ra-ma˘t#ı˘k\ adj (1766) 1: lacking in hue and sat-
ingirritation—abra(cid:1)sive(cid:1)lyadv,abra(cid:1)sive(cid:1)nessn uration, therefore falling into a series of colors that varies only
ab(cid:1)ra(cid:1)si(cid:1)vity\uh-br(cid:1)a#siv-ı˘-t(cid:1)e,-ziv-ı˘-t(cid:1)e\v(1998):thepropertyofone in lightness or brightness 2: possessing no hue; being or in-
materialtowearawayanothermaterialbymeansoffrictionalcon- volving black, gray or white
tact achromatopsia\(cid:1)a-kro(cid:1)#ma-to˘p#zh(cid:1)e-a\n1:monochromatism2:atype
absorbeddose\ab-soˆrbd#,-zoˆrbd#do(cid:1)s\:theamountofenergyfrom of monochromatism in which all colors are perceived as achro-
ionizingradiationabsorbedperunitmassofmatter,expressedin matic,calledalsoachromatism,totalcolorperceptiondeficiency
Grayunits acidetchedbondedsplint:seeRESIN-BONDEDSPLINT
ab(cid:1)sorp(cid:1)tance\ab-soˆrp#tans,-zoˆrp#tans\n(ca.1931):theratioofthe acidetchedbridge:seeRESIN-BONDEDPROSTHESIS
radiantenergyabsorbedbyabodytothatincidentuponit acid etched fixed partial denture: see RESIN-BONDED
ab(cid:1)sorp(cid:1)tion\ab-soˆrp#shun,-zoˆrp#-\n(1741)1:theuptakeofsub- PROSTHESIS
stancesintoorthroughtissues,e.g.,mucosa,skin,andintestine ac(cid:1)quire \a-kw(cid:1)ır#\ vt ac(cid:1)quired; ac(cid:1)quir(cid:1)ing (15c) 1: to obtain as
2:inradiology,theuptakeofenergybymatterwithwhichthera- one’sown;tocometohaveasaneworadditionaltrait,character-
diationinteracts—seeA.ofRADIATION—compADSORPTION isticorcapability2:attainedwithtime
absorption of radiation \ab-soˆrp#shun u˘v r(cid:1)a#d(cid:1)e-(cid:1)a#shun\: collision- acquired centric: see ECCENTRIC RELATION, MAXIMAL
like interactions between the individual particulate or quantum INTERCUSPALPOSITION
componentsofabeamofradiationandthesubatomicpartsofmat- acquiredcentricocclusalposition:seeECCENTRICRELATION,
terthatoccuratrandomduringirradiation.Eachinteractionmay MAXIMALINTERCUSPALPOSITION
resultinpartialorcompletetransferofenergy acquired centric position: see ECCENTRIC RELATION,
abut(cid:1)ment\a-bu˘t#ment\n(1634)1:thatpartofastructurethatdi- MAXIMALINTERCUSPALPOSITION
rectlyreceivesthrustorpressure;ananchorage2:atooth,aportion acquired centric relation: see ECCENTRIC RELATION,
ofatooth,orthatportionofadentalimplantthatservestosupport MAXIMALINTERCUSPALPOSITION
and/or retain a prosthesis—usage see ANGULATED A., acquiredeccentricrelation\a-kw(cid:1)ırd#ı˘k-se˘n#trı˘krı˘-l(cid:1)a#shun\:anyec-
HEALING A., DENTAL IMPLANT A., INTERMEDIATE centricrelationshippositionofthemandiblerelativetothemaxilla,
A.,ONEPIECEA.,PREPARATIONPIECEA.,STANDARD whetherconditionedorlearnedbyhabit,whichwillbringtheteeth
A.,TWOPIECEA. intocontact
10 VOLUME94NUMBER1
THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY
acquiredocclusal position agnosia
d
acquiredocclusalposition\a-kw(cid:1)ırd#a-klo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#zalpa-zish#an\:therela- adhesiveresin:anyresinmaterialwithincorporatedadhesivechemi-
tionshipofteethinmaximumintercuspationregardlessofjawpo- calssuchasorganophosphates,HEMA(hydroxyethylmethacry-
sition—seeMAXIMALINTERCUSPALPOSITION late), or 4-META (4 methacrylethyl trimellitic anhydride); in
acquiredocclusion:seeMAXIMALINTERCUSPALPOSITION dentistry, it describes the luting agents used with resin bonded
acrylicresin\a-krı˘l#ı˘kre˘z#ı˘n\1:pertainingtopolymersofacrylicacid, prostheses
methacrylic acid, or acrylonitrile; for example, acrylic fibers or adiadochokinesia\a˘d#(cid:1)e-a˘ do(cid:1)cho(cid:1)kı˘ n(cid:1)e#zha\n:inabilitytoperform
acrylicresins2:anyofagroupofthermoplasticresinsmadebypo- rapid alternating movements such as opening and closing the
lymerizingestersofacrylicormethylmethacrylateacids jawsorlips,raisingandloweringtheeyebrows,ortappingthefin-
acrylicresinbase\a-krı˘l#ı˘kre˘z#ı˘nb(cid:1)as\:adenturebasemadeofacrylic ger
resin adiposeatrophy\a˘d#ı˘-po(cid:1)s#a˘t#ra-f(cid:1)e\:reductionoffattytissue
acrylicresinveneer:usuallyreferringtofixeddentalprosthesis,theve- adjustableanteriorguidance\a-ju˘st#a#bula˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-org(cid:1)ıd#ns\:anan-
neering or lamination of the facial and/or buccal surfaces of a teriorguideonanarticulatorwhosesurfacemaybealteredtopro-
crownorfixeddentalprosthesisusingacrylicresin.Theintention videdesiredguidanceofthearticulator’smovementmechanism;
ofsuchveneeringistoprovideanaturaltoothcolortotheviewable theguidemaybeprogrammed(calibrated)toaccepteccentricin-
portionsoftherestoration terocclusalrecords
activatedresinobs:seeAUTOPOLYMERIZINGRESIN adjustable articulator \a-ju˘st#a#bul a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)a#tor\: an articulator
ac(cid:1)ti(cid:1)va(cid:1)tor\a˘k#tı˘-v(cid:1)a#toˆr\n:aremovableorthodonticprosthesisin- thatallowssomelimitedadjustmentinthesagittalandhorizontal
tendedtostimulateperioralmuscles planes to replicate recorded mandibular movements—see
ac(cid:1)tiv(cid:1)a(cid:1)tor\a˘k#tı˘-v(cid:1)a#toˆr\n.(1998)1:anychemicalagentwhichtrig- ARTICULATOR
gersaninitiatorchemicaltobeginachemicalreaction.2:asub- adjustableaxisfacebow:seeFACE-BOW
stance used in small proportions to increase the effectiveness of adjustableocclusalpivot\a-just#a(cid:1)bulaklo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#salpı˘v#ot\obs:anocclu-
anacceleratorchemical salpivotthatmaybeadjustedverticallybymeansofascreworother
acuteclosedlock\a-kyo(cid:1)o(cid:1)t#klo(cid:1)zdlo˘k\:aformoftemporomandibular device(GPT4)
joint dysfunction characterized by limitation in jaw movement ad(cid:1)just(cid:1)ment\a-ju˘st#mant\n(1644)l:theactorprocessofmodifying
causedbyanteriordisplacementoftheintra-articulardiscandasso- physicalparts2:indentistry,amodificationmadeonadentalpros-
ciatewithpain,limitationofjawopeningto25to30mm(asmea- thesisornaturaltoothtoenhancefit,function,oracceptancebythe
suredintheincisorarea)and,withjawopening,adeflectionofthe patient—seeOCCLUSALA.
mandibletowardtheaffectedjoint ad(cid:1)sorp(cid:1)tion\a˘d-soˆrp#shun,-zoˆrp#-\n(1882):theadhesion,inan
acutepain:painhavingabriefandrelativelyseverecourse extremely thin layer, of molecules to the surfaces of liquids or
adaptation\a˘d#a˘p-t(cid:1)a#shun\n(1610)1:theactorprocessofadapting; solids with which they are in contact—comp
thestateofbeingadapted2:theactofpurposefullyadaptingtwo ABSORPTION—ad(cid:1)sorp(cid:1)tiveadj
surfaces toprovide intimate contact3: the progressiveadjustive adultspeechaidprosthesis\a-du˘lt#sp(cid:1)ech(cid:1)adpro˘s-th(cid:1)e#sı˘s\:adefinitive
changesinsensitivitythatregularlyaccompanycontinuoussensory maxillofacialprosthesiswhichcanimprovespeechinadultcleftpal-
stimulationorlackofstimulation4:indentistry,(a)thedegreeof atepatientseitherbyobturating(sealingoff)apalatalcleftorfis-
fitbetweenaprosthesisandsupportingstructures,(b)thedegree tula,oroccasionallybyassistinganincompetentsoftpalate.Both
ofproximityofarestorativematerialtoatoothpreparation,(c) mechanismsarenecessarytoachievevelopharyngealcompetency.
theadjustmentoforthodonticbandstoteeth Editor’snote:Generallythisprosthesisisfabricatedwhennofurther
adaptationsyndrome\a˘d#a˘p-t(cid:1)a#shunsı˘n#dro(cid:1)m#\:asyndromecharac- growthisanticipatedandtheobjectiveistoachievelongtermuse,
terizedbyalterationsinresponseasanaccommodationtotheen- hence, more precise materials and techniques are utilized.
vironment Occasionallysuchproceduresareaccomplishedinconjunctionwith
adaptiveocclusion:seeMAXIMALINTERCUSPALPOSITION precisionattachmentsinfixeddentalprosthesesundertakenonsome
additive color mixture \a˘d# ı˘-tı˘v ku˘l#ur mı˘ks#chur\: the perceived or all maxillary teeth, to achieve improved esthetics—syn
colorthatresultswhenthesameareaoftheretinaoftheeyeisillu- PROSTHETIC SPEECH APPLIANCE, SPEECH AID,
minatedbylightsofdifferentspectraldistributionsuchasbytwo SPEECHBULB
coloredlights—compSUBTRACTIVECOLORSYSTEM af(cid:1)ter(cid:1)im(cid:1)age\a˘f#terı˘m#ı˘j\n(1874):invisualacuity,aprolongation
ad(cid:1)duct\a-du˘kt#,-a˘-\vt(1836):todrawtowardthemedianplaneor orrenewalofavisualsensoryexperience,ascribabletoresidualex-
towardtheaxialline—compABDUCT citationafterexternalstimulihaveceasedtooperate
ad(cid:1)her(cid:1)ence\a˘d-hˆır#ens,-enz\n(1531):theact,quality,oractionof afterloadingtechnique\a˘f#ter-lo(cid:1)d#ingte˘k-n(cid:1)ek#\:intherapeuticradi-
adhering;persistentattachment ology,the useofapplicators forbrachytherapysodesignedthat
ad(cid:1)he(cid:1)sion \a˘d-h(cid:1)e#zhun\ n (1624) 1: the propertyof remaining in theymaybequicklyloadedwithradioactivesourcesafterplace-
close proximity, as that resultingfromthe physicalattractionof mentwithinthepatient
moleculestoasubstanceormolecularattractionexistingbetween agar\(cid:1)a#gar#,a¨#gar#\n(1889):acomplexsulfatedpolymerofgalac-
thesurfacesofbodiesincontact2:thestablejoiningofpartsto tose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria
eachother,whichmayoccurabnormally3:afibrousbandorstruc- confervoides,andrelatedredalgae.Itisamucilaginoussubstance
ture by which parts abnormally adhere—comp CAPSULAR thatmeltsatapproximately100(cid:1)Candsolidifiesintoagelatap-
FIBROSIS, FIBROUS A., INTRACAPSULAR A., proximately40(cid:1)C.Itisnotdigestedbymostbacteriaandisused
MYOFIBROTICCAPSULARCONTRACTURE asagelationagentindentalimpressionmaterialsandasolidcul-
1ad(cid:1)he(cid:1)sive\a˘d-h(cid:1)e#siv,-ziv\adj(1670):stickyortenacious turemediaformicroorganisms.
2ad(cid:1)he(cid:1)sive\a˘d-h(cid:1)e#siv,-ziv\ n (1912)1: anysubstancethat creates ageatrophy\(cid:1)aja˘t#ra-f(cid:1)e\:awastingaway;thenormaldiminutionofall
closeadherencetooronadjoiningsurfaces2:alutingagent—see tissuesduetoadvancedage
DENTUREA.,MAXILLOFACIALPROSTHETICA. agen(cid:1)e(cid:1)sis\(cid:1)a-je˘n#ı˘-sı˘s\n(ca.1879):absence,failureofformation,or
adhesivecapsulitis\a˘d-h(cid:1)e#siv,-zivka˘p#sul-(cid:1)ı#tis\:withinthetemporo- imperfect development of any body part—see CONDYLAR
mandibularjoint,anysituationinwhichthediskisinnormalposi- AGENESIS
tion,jointspacevolumeisdecreased,andmotionisrestricted ag(cid:1)na(cid:1)thia\a˘g-n(cid:1)a#th(cid:1)e-a\n:adevelopmentalanomalycharacterizedby
adhesivefailure\a˘d-h(cid:1)e#siv,-zivf(cid:1)al#yur\(1998):bondfailureatanin- absenceofthemandible
terfacebetweentwomaterialsduetoatensileorshearingforce—see ag(cid:1)no(cid:1)sia\a˘g-no(cid:1)#zha\n(ca.1900):diminutionorlossoftheabilityto
COHESIVEFAILURE recognizetheimportofsensorystimuli;thevarietiescorrespond
JULY2005 11
THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS
agnosia analgesic
d
withthesensesandaredistinguishedasauditory,gustatory,olfac- all-polymerprosthesis:afixeddentalprosthesisfabricatedfromnon-
tory,tactile,andvisual metallicorceramiccomponentstypicallycomposedofaninternal
ag(cid:1)o(cid:1)nist\a˘g#a-nı˘st\n(ca.1626)1:inphysiology,amusclethatis glassfiber-reinforcedcompositeframeworkcoveredbyaparticu-
controlledbytheactionofanantagonistwithwhichitispaired latecompositeresin
2: in anatomy, a prime mover 3: in pharmacology, a drug that alphaparticle\a˘l#fapa˘r#tı˘-kal\n(1903):apositivelychargednuclear
hasanaffinityforandstimulatesphysiologicactivityincellrecep- particleidenticalwiththenucleusofaheliumatomthatconsistsof
torsnormallystimulatedbynaturallyoccurringsubstances twoprotonsandtwoneutronsandisejectedathighspeedincer-
airabrasion:seeAIRBORNEPARTICLEABRASION tainradioactivetransformations
air-bonegap\aˆr#bo(cid:1)n#ga˘p\:inaudiology,thedifferenceinpatientacu- alteredcast\oˆl#terdka˘st\:afinalcastthatisrevisedinpartbeforepro-
itytosoundtransmittedthoughairandthroughbonethatreflects cessingadenturebase—calledalsocorrectedcast,modifiedcast
hearinglossduetomiddleeardysfunctionorpathology altered cast partial denture impression \oˆl#terd ka˘st pa¨r#shal
airborne-particleabrasion\aˆr#boˆrn#pa¨r#tı˘-kala-br(cid:1)a#zhun\:thepro- de˘n#cherı˘m-pre˘sh#an\:anegativelikenessofaportionorportions
cessofalteringthesurfaceofamaterialthroughtheuseofabrasive of the edentulous denturebearing area(s) madeindependent of
particlespropelledbycompressedairorothergases andaftertheinitialimpressionofthenaturalteeth.Thistechnique
airchamber:seeRELIEFAREA employs an impression tray(s) attached to the removable dental
airconduction\aˆrkon-du˘k#shun\:thenormalprocessofconducting prosthesisframeworkoritslikeness
soundwavesthroughtheearcanaltothetympanicmembrane aluminumoxide\a-lo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#mi-numo˘k#s(cid:1)ıd#\1:ametallicoxideconstitu-
airdose\aˆrdo(cid:1)s\:intherapeuticradiology,theamountofenergyab-
entofdentalporcelainthatincreaseshardnessandviscosity2:a
sorbedperunitmassoftissueatagivensite,inair
highstrengthceramiccrystaldispersedthroughoutaglassyphase
Akersclasp\A(cid:1)#kerzkla˘sp\[PolkE.Akers,Chicago,III,dentist]:ep-
toincreaseitsstrengthasinaluminousdentalporcelainusedtofab-
onymforaonepiececastpartialdenturewithcastclasps.Heissaid
ricatealuminousporcelaincrowns3:afinelygroundceramicpar-
to haveimproved and standardized theonepiececasting method
ticle(frequently50um)oftenusedinconjunctionwithair-borne
forfabricatinggoldalloyremovablepartialdentalprosthesesinthe
particleabrasionofmetalcastingsbeforetheapplicationofporce-
early1920s—seeSUPRABULGECLASP
lainaswithmetalceramicrestorations
AkersPEPartialdentures.JAmerDentAssoc1928;15:717-22. aluminousporcelain\a-lo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#mi-nuspoˆr#si-lin,po(cid:1)r#-\:aceramicmate-
ala \(cid:1)a#la\ n, pl alae (1738): a wing or a wing-like anatomic part or
rialcomposedofaglassmatrixphasewith35%ormoreofalumi-
process—alaradj
alanasi\a¨#lana˘s#(cid:1)e\n:inanatomy,thecartilaginousprocessesforming numoxide,byvolume
al(cid:1)ve(cid:1)o(cid:1)lar\a˘l-v(cid:1)e#a-ler\adj (1799): thatpart ofthejawswherethe
thewing-likeflareofeachnares
ala-tragusline\a#lahtra˘#gu˘sl(cid:1)ın\:alinerunningfromtheinferiorbor- teetharise
alveolar augmentation \a˘l-v(cid:1)e#a-ler oˆg#me˘n-t(cid:1)a#shun\: any surgical
derofthealaofthenosetosomedefinedpointonthetragusofthe
procedureemployedtoalterthecontouroftheresidualalveolar
ear,usuallyconsideredtobethetipofthetragus.Itisfrequently
ridge
used,withathirdpointontheopposingtragus,forthepurpose
alveolarbone\a˘l-v(cid:1)e#a-lerbo(cid:1)n\:thebonyportionofthemandibleor
ofestablishingthealatragusplane.Ideallytheala-tragusplaneis
maxillaeinwhichtherootsoftheteethareheldbyfibersoftheper-
consideredtobeparalleltotheocclusalplane.Theocclusalplane
iodontalligament—calledalsodentalalveolus
is at an angle of approximately 10 degrees relative to the
alveolarcrest:seeRESIDUALRIDGECREST
Frankfort horizontal plane, when viewed in the mid-sagittal
alveolarmucosa\a˘l-v(cid:1)e#a-lermyo(cid:1)o(cid:1)-ko(cid:1)#sa\:thefixedmucosalcovering
plane—seeCAMPER’SLINE
al(cid:1)gi(cid:1)naten(ca.1909):seeIRREVERSIBLEHYDROCOLLOID ofthealveolarprocess,looselyattachedtothebone
alveolar process \a˘l-v(cid:1)e#a-ler pro-se˘s#\: the cancellous and compact
all-ceramicrestoration:seeCERAMICRESTORATION
al(cid:1)lo(cid:1)dynia\a˘lo(cid:1)deen#ya\n:painresultingfromanon-noxiousstim- bonystructurethatsurroundsandsupportstheteeth
alveolarreconstruction\a˘l-v(cid:1)e#a-lerr(cid:1)e#kon-stru˘k#shun\:anysurgical
ulustonormalskinormucosa
al(cid:1)lo(cid:1)ge(cid:1)ne(cid:1)ic\ala˘ jn#ı˘k\adj(1963):intransplantationbiology,de- procedureemployedtorecreateaseverelyresorbedresidualalveo-
notingindividuals(ortissues)thatareofthesamespecieshowever larridge
antigenicallydistinct—calledalsohomologous alveolarresorption:seeRESIDUALRIDGERESORPTION
allogeneicgraft:seeHOMOGRAFT alveolarridge:seeRESIDUALRIDGE
al(cid:1)lo(cid:1)graft\a˘l#a-gra˘ft#\n(1964):agraftoftissuebetweengenetically al(cid:1)ve(cid:1)o(cid:1)lec(cid:1)tomyn:seeOSTEOTOMY
dissimilarmembersofthesamespecies—calledalsoallogeneicgraft al(cid:1)ve(cid:1)o(cid:1)lo(cid:1)plastyn:seeOSTEOTOMY
andhomograft al(cid:1)ve(cid:1)o(cid:1)lusn,plal(cid:1)ve(cid:1)o(cid:1)li(ca.1706):oneofthecavitiesorsockets
al(cid:1)lo(cid:1)plast\a˘l#apla˘st#\n1:aninertforeignbodyusedforimplantation withinthealveolarprocessofthemaxillaeormandibleinwhich
withintissue2:amaterialoriginatingfromanonlivingsourcethat theattachmentcomplexheldtherootofatoothafterthetooth’s
surgicallyreplacesmissingtissueoraugmentsthatwhichremains removal
alloplastic graft \a˘l#a-pla˘s#tı˘k gra˘ft\: a graft consisting of an inert amal(cid:1)gamn:1:analloyofmercury2:dentalamalgamisanalloyof
material mercury,silver,copper,andtin,whichmayalsocontainpalladium,
alloplasticmaterial\a˘l#a-pla˘s#tı˘kma-tˆır#(cid:1)e-al\:anynon-biologicmate- zinc,andotherelementstoimprovehandlingcharacteristicsand
rialsuitableforimplantationasanalloplast clinicalperformance
al(cid:1)loy\a˘l#oi#,a-loi#\n(14c):amixtureoftwoormoremetalsormetal- am(cid:1)bient\AM-bee-unt\adj:existingorpresentonallsides;encom-
loidsthataremutuallysolubleinthemoltenstate;distinguishedas passing
binary,ternary,quaternary,etc.,dependingonthenumberofmet- a(cid:1)mor(cid:1)phous\a-mo(cid:1)r#fus\:withoutcrystallinestructure;havingran-
alswithinthemixture.Alloyingelementsare addedtoalter the domarrangementofatomsinspace
hardness,strength,andtoughnessofametallicelement,thusob- an(cid:1)al(cid:1)ge(cid:1)sia\a˘n#al-j(cid:1)ez(cid:1)e-a,-zha\n(ca.1706):absenceofsensibilityto
tainingpropertiesnotfoundinapuremetal.Alloysmayalsobe pain,designatingparticularlythereliefofpainwithoutlossofcon-
classified on the basisof theirbehavior when solidified— usage: sciousness
seeBASEMETAL,NOBLEMETAL 1an(cid:1)al(cid:1)ge(cid:1)sic\a˘n#al-j(cid:1)e#zı˘k,-sı˘k\adj:relievingpain
alloyingelement\a-loi#ı˘nge˘l#a-ment\(1998):metallicornon-metal- 2an(cid:1)al(cid:1)ge(cid:1)sic\a˘n#al-j(cid:1)e#zı˘k,-sı˘k\n:anagentthatalleviatespainwithout
licelementsaddedtoorretainedbyapuremetalforthepurposeof causing loss of consciousness—see A. BLOCKING AGENT, A.
givingthatmetalspecialproperties DIAGNOSTICBLOCK
12 VOLUME94NUMBER1
THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY
analgesic blocking agent angular cheilitis
d
analgesicblockingagent\a˘n#al-j(cid:1)e#zı˘kblo˘k#ing(cid:1)a#jent\:anyanalgesic fortheremovablecomponent.FirstattributedtoJamesAndrews,
thatblocksorprohibitssensoryperception DDS,Amite,LA
analgesicdiagnosticblock\a˘n#al-j(cid:1)e#zı˘kd(cid:1)ı#ag-no˘s#tı˘kblo˘k\:theselec- Everhart,RJandCavazos,E.Jr.Evaluationofafixedremovablepartialden-
tiveuseofalocalanestheticinjectionorapplicationofatopicalan- ture:AndrewsBridgeSystem.JProsthetDent1983;50(2):180-4
esthetictoidentifyapainsource an(cid:1)es(cid:1)the(cid:1)sia\a˘n#ı˘s-th(cid:1)e#zha\n(ca.1721):lossoffeelingorsensation;
an(cid:1)a(cid:1)log\a˘n#a-loˆg,-lo˘g\n(1826)1:indentistry,somethingthatis alsospelledanaesthesia
analogousinpartorwholetosomethingelse;i.e.,areplicaofapor- anesthesiadolorosa\a˘n#ı˘s-th(cid:1)e#zhado(cid:1)#la-ro(cid:1)#sa\:painwithinanareaor
tionofanimplantabutmentmadeofbrass,aluminum,steel,or regionthatisanestheticoranesthetized
plastic2:anorgansimilarinfunctiontoanorganofanotheranimal 1an(cid:1)es(cid:1)thet(cid:1)ic\a˘n#ı˘s-the˘t#ı˘k\adj(1846)1:capableofproducinganes-
orplantbutwithdifferentstructureandorigin—spelledalsoana- thesia2:lackingawarenessorsensitivity
logue 2an(cid:1)es(cid:1)thet(cid:1)ic\a˘n#ı˘s-the˘t#ı˘k\n(1848)1:asubstancethatproduces
an(cid:1)am(cid:1)ne(cid:1)sis\a˘n#a˘m-n(cid:1)e#sı˘s\n,pl-ne(cid:1)ses(ca.1593)1:arecallingto anesthesia2:somethingthatbringsrelief
mind;areminiscence2:thepasthistoryofdiseaseorinjurybased angle of gingival convergence \a˘ng#gl u˘v jı˘n#ji-val, -jı˘n-j(cid:1)ı#- kun-
onthepatient’smemoryorrecallatthetimeofinterviewandexam- vuˆr#jens\1:accordingtoSchneider,theangleofgingivalconver-
ination3:apreliminarypastmedicalhistoryofamedicalorpsychi- genceislocatedapicaltotheheightofcontourontheabutment
atricpatient tooth.Itcanbeidentifiedbyviewingtheangleformedbythetooth
anatomiccrown\a˘n#a-to˘m#ı˘kkroun\:theportionofanaturaltooth surfacegingivaltothesurveylineandtheanalyzingrodorundercut
that extends coronal from the cementoenamel junction—called gaugeinasurveyorasitcontactstheheightofcontour2:theangle
alsoanatomicalcrown formedbyanysurfaceofthetoothbelowthesurveylineofthe
anatomic landmark \a˘n#a-to˘m#ı˘k la˘nd#ma˘rk\: a recognizable ana- heightofcontour,withtheselectedpathofinsertionofaprosthesis
tomicstructureusedasapointofreference 3:theangleformedbythetoothsurfacebelowtheheightofcon-
anatomicocclusion\a˘n#a-to˘m#ı˘ka-klo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#zhun\:anocclusalarrange- tourwiththeverticalplane,whentheocclusalsurfaceofthetooth
ment for dental prostheses wherein the posterior artificial teeth isorientedparalleltothehorizontalplane
havemasticatorysurfacesthatcloselyresemblethoseofthenatural SchneiderRL.JProsthetDent1987;58:194-6.
healthydentitionandarticulatewithsimilarnaturalorartificialsur- angleofincidence\a˘ng#glu˘vı˘n#sı˘-dens\:theangleformedbetween
faces—calledalsoanatomicalocclusion theaxisofalightbeamandaperpendiculartotheobject’ssurface
anatomicteeth\a˘n#a-to˘m#ı˘kt(cid:1)eth\1:artificialteeththatduplicatethe angleofreflection\a˘ng#glu˘vrı˘-fle˘k#shun\:theangleformedbetween
anatomicformsofnaturalteeth2:teeththathaveprominentcusps theaxisofareflectedlightbeamandaperpendiculartotheobject’s
onthemasticatingsurfacesandthataredesignedtoarticulatewith surface
theteethoftheopposingnaturalorprostheticdentition3:ana- Angle’sclassificationofocclusion\a˘ng#gulzkla˘s#a-fı˘-k(cid:1)a#shunu˘va-
tomic teeth with cuspal inclinations greater than 0 degrees that klo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#shun\ [Edward Harley Angle, American orthodontist,
tend to replica natural tooth anatomy—usage cusp teeth (30 to 1855-1930]:eponymforaclassificationsystemofocclusionbased
45 degrees) are considered anatomic teeth. Modified occlusal ontheinterdigitationofthefirstmolarteethoriginallydescribed
formsarethosewitha20-degreecuspinclineorless—calledalso byAngleasfourmajorgroupsdependingontheanteroposterior
anatomicalteeth jawrelationship.ClassIVisnolongerinuse.ClassI(normalocclu-
BoucherCO.JPROSTHETDENT1953;3:633-56. sionorneutrooclusion):thedentalrelationship in which there is
anatomy\a-na˘t#a-m(cid:1)e\n,pl-mies(14c)1:abranchofmorphology normal anteroposterior relationship of the jaws, as indicated by
that involves the structures of organs 2: the structural makeup correct interdigitation of maxillary and mandibular molars, but
esp.ofanorganoranyofitsparts3:separatingordividinginto withcrowdingandrotationofteethelsewhere,i.e.,adentaldys-
partsforexamination—an(cid:1)a(cid:1)tom(cid:1)icoran(cid:1)a(cid:1)tom(cid:1)i(cid:1)caladj plasiaorarchlengthdeficiency.ClassII(distoclusion):thedental
ANB angle \A N B a˘ng#gl\: in cephalometric analysis, the angle relationship in which the mandibular dental arch is posterior to
formedbetweenthenasionpointAlineandthenasionpointBline the maxillary dental arch in one or both lateral segments; the
anchoragearea\a˘ng#ker-ı˘jaˆr#(cid:1)e-a\:thatareawhich,byitssituation, mandibular first molar is distal to the maxillary first molar.
configurationand/orpreparation,issuitablefortheretentionof Class II can be further subdivided into two divisions. Division
aprosthesis 1:bilateraldistalretrusionwithanarrowmaxillaryarchandpro-
anchorage component: see ENDOSTEAL DENTAL IMPLANT trudingmaxillaryincisors.Subdivisionsincluderightorleft(uni-
BODY laterally distal with other characteristics being the same).
anchorage element: see ENDOSTEAL DENTAL IMPLANT Division2:bilateraldistalwithanormalorsquare-shapedmax-
ABUTMENTELEMENT(S) illary arch, retruded maxillary central incisors, labially malposed
ancillaryprostheses:oneofthethreemaincategoriesofdentalpros- maxillary lateral incisors, and an excessive vertical overlap.
thesesmadebythoseinthefieldofprosthodontics;anyprosthesis Subdivisions include right or left (unilaterally distal with other
notabletobedescribedaseitheradentalprosthesisoramaxillofa- characteristicsthesame).ClassIII(mesioocclusion):thedentalre-
cialprosthesis.Examplesmayincludeguides,stents,splints,con- lationship in which the mandibular arch is anterior to the max-
formers,carriersandthelike.Mostsuchprosthesesareintended illary arch in one or both lateral segments; the mandibular first
forshorttermorspecialusage molar is mesial to the maxillary first molar. The mandibular in-
Anderson splint [Roger Anderson, American orthopedic surgeon, cisors are usually in anterior cross bite. Subdivisions include
1891-1971]: eponym for a skeletal traction splint with pins in- right or left (unilaterally mesial with other characteristics the
serted into proximal and distal ends of a fractured bone. same).ClassIV:thedentalrelationshipinwhichtheocclusalre-
Reduction is obtained by an external plate attached to the lationsofthedentalarchespresentthepeculiarconditionofbe-
pins—calledalsoBYPHASICSPLINT ingindistalocclusioninonelateralhalfandinmesialocclusion
AndersonR.Ambulatorymethodoftreatingfracturesoftheshaftofthefe- in the other (no longer used).
mur.SurgGynecolObstet1936;62:865. AngleEM.Classificationofmalocclusion.DentalCosmos1899;41:248-64,
Andrewsbridge\a˘n#dro(cid:1)o(cid:1)s brı˘j\: the combination of a fixed dental 350-7.
prosthesisincorporatingabarwitharemovabledentalprosthesis angularcheilitis\a˘ng#gya-lerk(cid:1)ı-l(cid:1)ı#tı˘s\:inflammationoftheanglesof
thatreplacesteethwithinthebararea,usuallyusedforedentulous themouthcausingrednessandtheproductionoffissures—called
anteriorspaces.Theverticalwallsofthebarmayprovideretention alsoperleche
JULY2005 13
THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS
angulated abutment anti-rotation
d
angulatedabutment\a˘ng#gya-l(cid:1)at#ı˘da-bu˘t#ment\(1998):anyendos- ANTERIORGUIDETABLE3:thefabricationofarelationship
tealdentalimplantabutmentwhichaltersthelongaxisangulation oftheanteriorteethpreventingposteriortoothcontactinallec-
betweenthedentalimplantandtheangulateddentalimplantabut- centricmandibularmovements—seeANTERIORPROTECTED
ment—synANGLEDABUTMENT ARTICULA-TION, GROUP FUNCTION, MUTUALLY
an(cid:1)ky(cid:1)lo(cid:1)glos(cid:1)sia\ang#kı˘-lo-glos#e-ah,-glo-sha\n:thebindingofthe PROTECTEDARTICULATION
tipofthetonguetothefloorofthemouthorthealveolarridgedue anteriorguide:seeANTERIORGUIDETABLE
toabnormalattachmentofthelingualfrenum.Thisoftenrestricts anteriorguidepin\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-org(cid:1)ıdpı˘n\:thatcomponentofanarticu-
movementofthetongue,oftenduetothepositionofthelingual lator,generallyarigidrodattachedtoonemember,contactingthe
frenulum,resultinginspeechimpediments;maybecompleteor anteriorguidetableontheopposingmember.Itisusedforthepur-
partial—calledalsoadherenttongue,linguafrenata,andtongue-tie poseofmaintainingtheestablishedverticalseparation.Theante-
ankylosis\a˘ng#ki-lo(cid:1)#sı˘s\n,pl-lo(cid:1)ses(1713):immobilityandconsol- rior guide pin and table, together with the condylar elements,
idationofajointortoothduetoinjury,disease,orasurgicalpro- directthemovementsofthearticulators’separatemembers
cedure— see BONY A., EXTRACAPSULAR A., FIBROUS A., anteriorguidetable\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-org(cid:1)ıdt(cid:1)a#bl\:thatcomponentofanar-
INTRACAPSULARA.;spelledalsoanchylosis ticulatoronwhichtheanteriorguidepinreststomaintaintheoc-
an(cid:1)neal\a-n(cid:1)el#\vt(1580)1:toheatamaterial,suchasmetalorglass, clusalverticaldimensionandinfluencearticulatormovements.The
followedbycontrolledcoolingtoremoveinternalstressesandcre- guidetableinfluencesthedegreeofseparationofthecastsinallre-
ateadesireddegreeoftoughness,temper,orsoftnesstoamaterial lationships—seealsoANTERIORPROGRAMMINGDEVICE
2:toheatamaterial,suchasgoldfoil,tovolatilizeanddriveoffim- anteriornasalspine\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-orn(cid:1)a#zalsp(cid:1)ın\:asharpmedianbony
purities from its surface, thus increasing its cohesive properties. process, adjacenttotheinferiormargin ofthe anterioraperture
Thisprocessistermeddegassing3:tohomogenizeanamalgamal- ofthenose,formedbytheforwardprolongationofthetwomaxil-
loybyheatinginanoven lae
an(cid:1)nu(cid:1)lar\a˘n#ya-ler\n(1571):atermusedtodescribearinglikean- anterior open bite (obs): see ANTERIOR OPEN OCCLUSAL
atomicstructure RELATIONSHIP
an(cid:1)o(cid:1)don(cid:1)tia\a˘n#o(cid:1)-do˘n#sh(cid:1)e-a\n:araredentalconditioncharacter- anterioropenocclusalrelationship\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-oro(cid:1)#pena-klo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#zalrı˘-
izedbycongenitalabsenceofallteeth(bothdeciduousandperma- l(cid:1)a#shen-shı˘p#\:thelackofanteriortoothcontactinanyoccluding
nent)—compHYPODONTIA,OLIGODONTIA positionoftheposteriorteeth
an(cid:1)o(cid:1)don(cid:1)tismn:seeANODONTIA anteriorprogrammingdevice\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-orpro(cid:1)#gra˘m(cid:1)ı˘ngdı˘-v(cid:1)ıs#\:an
anomalous trichromatic vision \a-no˘m#a-lus tr(cid:1)ı#kro(cid:1)-ma˘t#ı˘k individuallyfabricatedanteriorguidetablethatallowsmandibular
vı˘zh#un\:aformofdefectivecolorvisioninwhichthreestimuli motionwithouttheinfluenceoftoothcontactsandfacilitatesthe
are required for color matching, but the proportions in which recordingofmaxillomandibularrelationships;alsousedfordepro-
they are matched differ significantly from those required by the gramming—seealsodeprogrammer
normaltrichromat.Therearethreeformsofanomaloustrichro- anterior protected articulation \a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-or pro(cid:1)-te˘k#tı˘d a¨r-tı˘k#ya-
maticvision:protanomalous,deuteranomalous,andtritanomalous l(cid:1)a#shun\:aformofmutuallyprotectedarticulationinwhichthe
a(cid:1)nom(cid:1)a(cid:1)ly\a-no˘m#a-l(cid:1)e\n,pla(cid:1)nom(cid:1)a(cid:1)lies(1664)1:somethingdif- vertical and horizontal overlap of the anterior teeth disengages
ferent,abnormal,peculiar,ornoteasilyclassified2:anaberration the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movements—see
ordeviationfromnormalanatomicgrowth,development,orfunc- CANINEPROTECTEDARTICULATION
tion3:markeddeviationfromthenormalstandard,especiallyasa anteriorreferencepoint\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-orre˘f#er-ens,re˘f#renspoint\:any
resultofcongenitaldefects pointlocatedonthemidfacethat,togetherwithtwoposteriorref-
ANS:AcronymforAnteriorNasalSpine.Theoutlineoftheanterior erencepoints,establishesareferenceplane
nasalspineasseenonthelateralcephalometricradiograph.Itis anteriorteeth\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-ort(cid:1)eth\:themaxillaryandmandibularincisors
usedasacephalometriclandmark andcanines
an(cid:1)tag(cid:1)on(cid:1)ist\a˘n-ta˘g#a-nı˘st\n(1599)1:a tooth in one jaw that ar- anteriortootharrangement\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-orto(cid:1)o(cid:1)tha-ra˘nj#ment\:thepo-
ticulates with a tooth in the other jaw—called also dental an- sitioningoftheanteriorteethforestheticsandphonetics
tagonist 2: a substance that tends to nullify the actions of anterior tooth form \a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-or to(cid:1)o(cid:1)th form\: the outline form as
another, as a drug that binds to cell receptors without eliciting viewedinanyselectedplaneor/andothercontoursofananterior
a biologic response 3: a muscle whose action is the direct op- tooth
posite of another muscle anteroposterior curve \a˘n-ter-o-po˘-stˆır#(cid:1)e-or kuˆrv\: the anatomic
Ante’sLaw[IrwinH:Ante,Toronto,OntarioCanada,dentist]:epo- curveestablishedbytheocclusalalignmentoftheteeth,aspro-
nym,infixeddentalprosthodontics,fortheobservationthatthe jectedontothemedianplane,beginningwiththecusptipofthe
combined pericemental area of all abutment teeth supporting a mandibularcanineandfollowingthebuccalcusptipsofthepremo-
fixeddentalprosthesisshouldbeequaltoorgreaterinpericemental larandmolarteeth,continuingthroughtheanteriorborderofthe
areathanthetoothorteethtobereplaced;asformulatedforre- mandibularramus,endingwiththeanteriormostportionofthe
movabledentalprosthodontics,thecombinedpericementalarea mandibular condyle. First described by Ferdinand Graf Spee,
oftheabutmentteethplusthemucosaareaofthedenturebase Germananatomist,in1890—seeCURVEOFSPEE
should be equalto or greater than the pericemental area of the antiflux\a˘n#t(cid:1)e-flu˘ks#\n:materialsthatpreventorconfinessolderat-
missingteeth tachmentorflow
AnteIH.Thefundamentalprinciples,designandconstructionofcrownand an(cid:1)ti(cid:1)me(cid:1)tab(cid:1)o(cid:1)lite \a˘n#t(cid:1)e-ma-ta˘b#a-l(cid:1)ıt\ n (1945): a substance that
bridgeprosthesis.DentItemInt1928;50:215-32. competeswith,replaces,orantagonizesaparticularmetabolite
an(cid:1)te(cid:1)ri(cid:1)or\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-or\adj(1541)1:infrontoforthefrontpart;sit- anti-Monsoncurve:seeREVERSECURVE
uatedinfrontof2:theforwardorventralposition3:atermusedto an(cid:1)ti(cid:1)neo(cid:1)plas(cid:1)tic \a˘n#t(cid:1)e-n(cid:1)e#a-pla˘s#tı˘k\ adj (1969) 1: inhibiting or
denote the incisor or canine teeth or the forward region of the preventingthedevelopmentofneoplasms;inhibitingthematura-
mouth tionandproliferationofmalignantcells2:anagenthavingsuch
anteriordiskdisplacement:seeDISKDISPLACEMENT properties
anteriorguidance\a˘n-tˆır#(cid:1)e-org(cid:1)ıd#ns\1:theinfluenceofthecontact- antineoplasticdrug\a˘n#t(cid:1)e-n(cid:1)e#a-pla˘s#tı˘kdru˘g\:anagentusedintreat-
ingsurfacesofanteriorteethontoothlimitingmandibularmove- mentorpalliationofthesymptomsofcancer
ments2:theinfluenceofthecontactingsurfacesoftheguidepin anti-rotation\a˘n#t(cid:1)e-ro(cid:1)-t(cid:1)a#shun\(1998):astructuralfeatureofsome
and anterior guide table on articulator movements—usage see endosteal dental implant components that prevents relative
14 VOLUME94NUMBER1
THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY
anti-rotation articulator
d
rotationoffastenedparts.Thisfeaturemayexistbetweenadental arconarticulator\ar#kona¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)a#tor\:anarticulatorthatapplies
implantbodyandthedentalimplantabutment,and/orthedental thearcondesign;thisinstrumentmaintainsanatomicguidelines
implantabutmentanddentalimplantabutmentelement(s) bytheuseofcondylaranalogsinthemandibularelementandfossae
an(cid:1)ti(cid:1)tra(cid:1)gus\a˘n#tı˘-tra˘#gu˘s\n,plan(cid:1)ti(cid:1)tra(cid:1)gi:aprojectionofthecar- assemblieswithinthemaxillaryelement
tilageoftheauricleinfrontofthecaudahelicis,justabovethelob- arrowpointtracer\a˘r#o(cid:1)pointtr(cid:1)a#ser\1:amechanicaldeviceusedto
uleandposteriortothetragus,fromwhichitisseparatedbythe traceapatternofmandibularmovementinaselectedplane—usu-
intertragalnotch ally parallel to the occlusal plane 2: a mechanical device with a
ap(cid:1)at(cid:1)ite\a˘p#a-t(cid:1)ıt#\n(1803):calciumphosphateofthecomposition markingpoint attachedtoone jaw anda graph plateor tracing
Ca (PO ) OH;oneofthemineralconstituentsofteethandbones planeattachedtotheotherjaw.Itisusedtorecordthedirection
5 43
(withCaCO ) andrangeofmovementsofthemandible—seeGOTHICARCH
3
apertognathia:aconditioninwhichtheanteriororposteriorteeth TRACER
are not in contact. See OPEN BITE; OPEN OCCLUSAL arrowpointtracing:seeSTYLUSTRACING
RELATIONSHIP ar(cid:1)thral(cid:1)gia\a˘r-thra˘l#ja,-j(cid:1)e-a\n(ca.1848):paininajointorjoints
ap(cid:1)er(cid:1)ture\a˘p#er-chur\n(15c):anopeningoropenspace;ahole ar(cid:1)thri(cid:1)tis\a¨r-thr(cid:1)ı#tis\n(14c):inflammationofajointorjoints
apex\(cid:1)a#pe˘ks#\n,plapex(cid:1)esorapi(cid:1)ces(1601)1:theuppermostpoint; arthrodialjoint\a¨r-thro(cid:1)#d(cid:1)ealjoint\:ajointthatallowsglidingmotion
thevertex2:indentistry,theanatomicendofatoothroot ofthesurfaces
apha(cid:1)gia\af(cid:1)a#j(cid:1)e-a,-ja\n:inabilitytoswallow;abstentionfromeating arthrodialmovement\a¨r-thro(cid:1)#d(cid:1)ealmo(cid:1)o(cid:1)v#ment\:glidingjointmove-
apha(cid:1)sia\a-f(cid:1)a#zha\n(1867):defectorlossofthepowerofexpression ment
bywriting,speechorsigns,orofcomprehendingwrittenorspoken ar(cid:1)throg(cid:1)ra(cid:1)phy\a¨r-thro˘p#a-th(cid:1)e\n1:roentgenographyofajointafter
languageduetodiseaseoforinjurytothebrain injectionofanopaquecontrastmaterial2:indentistry,adiagnostic
apho(cid:1)nia\(cid:1)a-fo(cid:1)#n(cid:1)e-a\n.(1778):lossorabsenceofvoiceasaresultof techniquethatentailsfillingthelower,upper,orbothjointspaces
ofthetemporomandibularjointwithacontrastagenttoenablera-
thefailureofthevocalcordstovibrateproperly
api(cid:1)cal\a˘p#ı˘-kal,-(cid:1)a#pı˘-\adj(1828):of,relatingtoorpertainingtothe diographicevaluationofthejointandsurroundingstructures;used
toporapex—api(cid:1)cal(cid:1)lyadv todiagnoseorconfirmdiskdisplacementsandperforations
a(cid:1)plastic\(cid:1)a-pla˘s#tı˘k\adj:devoidofform;withoutdevelopment ar(cid:1)throp(cid:1)a(cid:1)thyn(ca.1860):adiseaseofajoint
apho(cid:1)nia\(cid:1)a-fo(cid:1)#n(cid:1)e-a\n(1778):lossorabsenceofvoiceasaresultofthe ar(cid:1)thro(cid:1)plas(cid:1)ty\a¨r-thro(cid:1)#pla˘s-t(cid:1)e\n:thesurgicalformationorreforma-
tionofajoint
failureofthevocalcordstovibrateproperly
apla(cid:1)sia\a-pl(cid:1)a#zha,-zh(cid:1)e-\n:defectivedevelopmentorcongenitalab- ar(cid:1)thro(cid:1)sis\a¨r-thro(cid:1)#sı˘s\n(1634)1:ajointorarticulation2:adisease
ofajoint
senceofanorganortissue
ap(cid:1)pli(cid:1)ance n, slang, obs (1561): see DEVICE, RESTORATION, ar(cid:1)tic(cid:1)u(cid:1)lar\a¨rtı˘k#ya-ler\adj(15c):oforrelatingtoajoint
articularcapsule\a¨rtı˘k#ya-lerka˘p#sel\:thefibrousligamentthatenc-
PROSTHESIS
ap(cid:1)posi(cid:1)tion\a˘p#a-zı˘sh#un\n(15c):theconditionofbeingplacedor losesajointandlimitsitsmotion.Itislinedwiththesynovialmem-
brane
fittedtogether;injuxtapositionorcoadaptation
ap(cid:1)prox(cid:1)i(cid:1)ma(cid:1)tion \a-pro˘k#si-m(cid:1)a#shun\ n (15c) 1: the process of articularcartilage\a¨rtı˘k#ya-lerka¨r#tl-ı˘j\:athinlayerofhyalinecarti-
lage located on the joint surfaces of some bones not found on
drawing together 2: the quality of being close or near—
thearticularsurfacesofthetemporomandibularjointswhichiscov-
ap(cid:1)prox(cid:1)i(cid:1)ma(cid:1)tiveadj
aprax(cid:1)ia\(cid:1)a-pra˘k#s(cid:1)e-a\n(1888):thelossofabilitytocarryoutfamiliar, eredwithanavascularfibroustissue
articulardisc:aringoffibrocartilagethatseparatesthearticularsurfa-
purposefulmovementsintheabsenceofparalysisorothersensory
cesofajoint
ormotorimpairment,especiallytheinabilitytomakeproperuseof
articulartemporomandibularjointdisk:seeDISK
anobject 1ar(cid:1)tic(cid:1)u(cid:1)late\a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)at#\vb(1691)1:tojointogetherasajoint2:
apronn,obs:seeLINGUALPLATE
therelatingofcontactingsurfacesoftheteethortheirartificialrep-
arcofclosure\a˘rku˘vklo(cid:1)#zhur\:thecircularorellipticarccreatedby
licasinthemaxillaetothoseinthemandible
closure of the mandible, most often viewed in the mid-sagittal 2ar(cid:1)tic(cid:1)u(cid:1)late\a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)at#,-lı˘t\adj(1586):inspeech,toenunciate
plane,usingareferencepointonthemandible(frequentlyeither
clearlyorbeclearlyspoken
mandibularcentralincisors’mesialincisaledge) articulatingpaper\a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)at#ingp(cid:1)a#per\:ink-coatedpaperstrips
arctherapy\a˘rkthe˘r#a-p(cid:1)e\:intherapeuticradiology,externalbeamra-
usedtolocateandmarkocclusalcontacts
diationinwhichthesourceofradiationismovedaboutthepatient ar(cid:1)tic(cid:1)u(cid:1)la(cid:1)tion\a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)a#shun\n(15c)1:theplaceofunionor
onanarcduringtreatment.Multiplearcsmaybeused.Insome
junction between two or more bones of the skeleton—see
casesthebeamisstationaryandthepatientisrotatedinavertical CRANIOMANDIBULAR A., TEMPOROMANDIBULAR A.
plane 2: in speech, the enunciation of words and sentences—see
archbars\a¨rchba¨rz\:arigidbaror/andwireusedforintermaxillary SPEECHA.3:indentistry,thestaticanddynamiccontactrela-
fixation in treatment of fractures of the maxillae and mandible tionshipbetweentheocclusalsurfacesoftheteethduringfunc-
and/orstabilizationofinjuredteeth,generallyattachedtothere- tion—see ANTERIOR PROTECTED A., BALANCED A.,
mainingnaturaldentitionand/orocclusalsplints DENTAL A., FUNCTIONAL A., MONO-PLANE A.,
archform\a¨rchform\:thegeometricshapeofthedentalarchwhen MUTUALLYPROTECTEDA.
viewedinthehorizontalplane(square,tapering,ovoid,etc.) ar(cid:1)tic(cid:1)u(cid:1)la(cid:1)tor\a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)a#tor\n:amechanicalinstrumentthatrep-
archlengthdiscrepancy\a¨rchle˘ngkthdı˘-skre˘p#ens-s(cid:1)e\:theabnormal resentsthetemporomandibularjointsandjaws,towhichmaxillary
relationshipbetweenthesizeofthemandibleand/ormaxillaand andmandibularcastsmaybeattachedtosimulatesomeorallman-
theircomponentteeth,especiallyasviewedandanalyzedintheoc- dibularmovements—usage:articulatorsaredivisibleintofourclas-
clusalplane ses. Class I articulator: a simple holding instrument capable of
arch(cid:1)wire\a¨rch-w(cid:1)ır\n:anorthodonticwireplacedintraorallyforthe acceptingasinglestaticregistration;verticalmotionispossible—
applicationofforce seeNONADJUSTABLEA.ClassIIarticulator:aninstrumentthat
ar(cid:1)con\ar#kon\n:acontractionofthewords‘‘ARTICULATOR’’and permits horizontal as well as vertical motion but does not orient
‘‘CONDYLE,’’usedtodescribeanarticulatorcontainingthecon- themotiontothetemporomandibularjoints.ClassIIIarticulator:
dylarpathelementswithinitsuppermemberandthecondylarele- aninstrumentthatsimulatescondylarpathwaysbyusingaverages
mentswithinthelowermember ormechanicalequivalentsforallorpartofthemotion;theseinstru-
JULY2005 15
THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS
articulator autopolymer
d
mentsallowfororientationofthecastsrelativetothejointsand atypicalfacialpain\(cid:1)a-tı˘p#ı˘-kulf(cid:1)a#shulp(cid:1)an\:apainfulsyndromechar-
may be arcon or nonarcon instruments—see SEMI-ADJUST- acterizedbydullachingorthrobbing,ratherthanparoxysmsof
ABLEA.ClassIVarticulator:aninstrumentthatwillacceptthree pain,suchasseenintrigeminal,glossopharyngeal,orpostherpetic
dimensionaldynamicregistrations;theseinstrumentsallowforor- neuralgia,occurringinareassuppliedbyvariousnervegroups,in-
ientationofthecaststothetemporomandibularjointsandsimula- cludingthefifthandninthcranialnervesandthesecondandthird
tionofmandibularmovements—seeFULLYADJUSTABLEA., cervicalnerves.Thedistributionofatypicalfacialpaindoesnotfol-
FULLYADJUSTABLEGNATHOLOGICA. lowtheestablishedpathwaysofinnervationofthemajorsensory
ar(cid:1)ti(cid:1)fact\a¨r#ti-fa˘kt#\n(1821)1:anycharacteristicproductofhuman nerves, however (i.e., trigeminal neuralgia). Attacks last from a
activity,i.e.,anyhand-madeobjectthatcouldrepresentaparticular fewdaystoseveralmonthsandoftenoccurafterdentalcareorsinus
cultureorstageinitstechnologicdevelopment2:aproductofan manipulation,butexaminationoftheteeth,nose,sinuses,ears,and
artificialcharacterduetoextraneousagency—usedinmedicineto temporomandibularjointsseldomrevealsanyabnormalities.Apsy-
signifydetailsorconditionsthataremisleadingorunnaturaldueto chogenicorvascularetiologyhasbeensuggested.Thisisbelieved
imperfectmaterialsortechniques bysometonotbeaspecificdiseaseentitybutratherasymptom,
artificialcrown\a¨r#ti-fish#alkroun\:ametal,plastic,orceramicresto- theetiologyofwhichhasnotbeendetermined—calledalsoatypical
rationthatcoversthreeormoreaxialsurfacesandtheocclusalsur- facialneuralgiaandfacialcausalgia
faceorincisaledgeofatooth au(cid:1)dio(cid:1)gram\oˆ#d(cid:1)e-o(cid:1)-gra˘m\n(1927):arecordofthethresholdsof
artificialdenture:seeCOMPLETEDENTURE hearingofanindividualovervarioussoundfrequencies
artificialstone:seeDENTALSTONE au(cid:1)di(cid:1)ol(cid:1)o(cid:1)gy\oˆ#d(cid:1)e-o˘l-a-j(cid:1)e\n(1946):thestudyoftheentirefieldof
asep(cid:1)sis\a-se˘p#sı˘s,(cid:1)a-\n(1892)1:freefrominfection2:theprevention hearing,includingtheanatomyandfunctionoftheear,impair-
ofcontactwithmicroorganisms mentofhearing,andtheeducationorreeducationoftheperson
asep(cid:1)tic\a-se˘p#tı˘k,(cid:1)a-\adj(ca1859):freeofinfectionorsepticmate- withhearingloss
rial;sterile;freefrompathogenicmicroorganisms—asep(cid:1)ti(cid:1)cal(cid:1)ly au(cid:1)di(cid:1)om(cid:1)e(cid:1)ter\oˆ#d(cid:1)e-o˘m#ı˘-ter\n(1879):aninstrumentusedtoassess
hearingatvariousintensitylevelsandfrequencies
adv
asym(cid:1)met(cid:1)ri(cid:1)cal\(cid:1)a#sı˘-me˘t#rı˘-kal\adj(1690):characterizedbyorper- au(cid:1)di(cid:1)tion\oˆ-dı˘sh#un\n(1599):thepowerorsenseofhearing
auditory discrimination \oˆ#dı˘-toˆr#(cid:1)e, -to(cid:1)r#(cid:1)e- dı˘-skrı˘m#a-n(cid:1)a#shun\:
tainingtoasymmetry
asym(cid:1)me(cid:1)try\(cid:1)a-sı˘m#ı˘-tr(cid:1)e\n(1690):absenceorlackofsymmetryor abilitytodiscriminatebetweensoundsofdifferentfrequency,in-
tensity, and pressure pattern components; ability to distinguish
balance;dissimilarityincorrespondingpartsororgansonopposite
onespeechsoundfromanother
sidesofthebody
asymmetryofmovement\(cid:1)a-sı˘m#ı˘-tr(cid:1)eu˘vmo(cid:1)o(cid:1)v#mant\:thecondition aug(cid:1)ment \oˆg-me˘nt#\ vb (15c): to make greater, more numerous,
larger,ormoreintense
observed when mandibular movement has a lateral component
aug(cid:1)men(cid:1)ta(cid:1)tion\oˆg#me˘n-t(cid:1)a#shun\n(14c):toincreaseinsizebeyond
onopeningandclosing,especiallywhenviewedinthefrontalplane
asymmetryofthemandible\(cid:1)a-sı˘m#ı˘-tr(cid:1)eu˘vthema˘n#di-bul\:thecon- theexistingsize.Inalveolarridgeaugmentation,bonegraftsoral-
loplasticmaterialsareusedtoincreasethesizeofanatrophicalve-
ditionthatexistswhentherightandleftsidesofthemandibleare
olarridge
notmirrorimagesofoneanother
atrophicfracture\a˘ tro˘f#ı˘kfra˘k#cher\:spontaneousfractureduetoat- auriculardefect\oˆ-rı˘k#ya-lard(cid:1)e#fe˘kt#,dı˘-fe˘kt#\:absenceorpartialab-
senceoftheexternalear
rophy
at(cid:1)ro(cid:1)phy\a˘t#ra-f(cid:1)e\n,pl-phies(1601)1:awastingaway2:adiminu- auricularprosthesis\oˆ-rı˘k#ya-lerpro˘s-th(cid:1)e#sı˘s\:aremovablemaxillofa-
cial prosthesis that artificially restores part or the entire natural
tion in size of a cell, tissue, organ or part—atro(cid:1)phic adj—
ear—calledalsoartificialear,earprosthesis
atro(cid:1)phy vb—see ADIPOSE A., AGE A., BONE A., DISUSE auriculotemporalsyndrome\oˆ-rı˘-ku(cid:1)-lo(cid:1)-te˘m#pralsı˘n#dro(cid:1)m\:sweat-
A.,MUSCULARA.,POSTMENOPAUSALA.,SENILEA.
ingandflushinginthepreauricularandtemporalareaswhencer-
attachedgingival\a-ta˘chd#jı˘n#ja-va,jı˘n#j(cid:1)ı-\:theportionofthegin-
tainfoodsareeaten
givathatisfirm,dense,stippled,andtightlyboundtotheunderly- aus(cid:1)cul(cid:1)ta(cid:1)tion\oˆ#skal-t(cid:1)a#shun\n(ca.1828):theprocessofdetermin-
ingperiosteum,bone,andtooth
ingtheconditionofvariouspartsofthebodybylisteningtothe
attachment\a-ta˘ch#ment\n(15c)1:amechanicaldeviceforthefixa-
soundstheyemit
tion,retention,andstabilizationofaprosthesis2:aretainercon- au(cid:1)tog(cid:1)e(cid:1)nous\oˆ-to˘j#a-nus\adj(1846):originatingorderivedfrom
sistingofametalreceptacleandacloselyfittingpart;theformer
sourceswithinthesameindividual;self-produced;self-generated;
(thefemale{matrix}component)isusuallycontainedwithinthe
autologous
normalorexpandedcontoursofthecrownoftheabutmenttooth autogenousgraft\oˆ-to˘j#a-nusgra˘ft\:agrafttakenfromthepatients
andthelatter(themale{patrix}component),isattachedtoapon- ownbody—calledalsoautograft
ticorthedentureframework—seeFRICTIONALA.,INTERNAL auto(cid:1)glazev:theproductionofaglazedsurfacebyraisingthetemper-
A., KEY and KEYWAY A., PARALLEL A., PRECISION A., atureofaceramictocreatesurfaceflow—compOVERGLAZE
RESILIENTA.,SLOTTEDA. au(cid:1)to(cid:1)graft\oˆ#ta-gra˘ft\n(ca.1913):agraftoftissuederivedfroman-
attachment apparatus \a-ta˘ch#ment a˘p#a-r(cid:1)a#tus, -ra˘t#us\: in perio- othersiteinoronthebodyoftheorganismreceivingit—calledalso
dontics,ageneraltermusedtodesignatethecementum,periodon- autochthonousgraft,autologousgraft,andautoplast
talligamentandalveolarbone au(cid:1)tol(cid:1)o(cid:1)gous\oˆ-to˘l#o(cid:1)-gu˘s\(ca.1921)1:relatedtoself;designating
attachmentscrew(1998):anycomponentusedtosecureafixedden- productsorcomponentsofthesameindividualorganism2:autog-
tal prosthesis to the dental implant abutment(s). See also enous
ABUTMENTSCREW autonomicnervoussystem\oˆ#ta-no˘m#ı˘knuˆr#vussı˘s#tam\:thepartof
attenuationofradiation\a-te˘n#yo(cid:1)o(cid:1)-(cid:1)a#shunu˘vr(cid:1)a#d(cid:1)e-(cid:1)a#shun\:there- thenervoussystemthatenervatesthecardiovascular,digestive,re-
ductioninintensityofradiationasaresultofscatteringandabsorp- productive, and respiratory organs. It operates outside of con-
tionofradiation.Attenuationofelectronbeamsalwayslowersthe sciousness and controls basic life-sustaining functions such as
averagebeamenergy heartrate,digestion,andbreathing.It includesthesympathetic
attrition\a-trı˘sh#un\n(14c)1:theactofwearingorgrindingdownby nervoussystemandtheparasympatheticnervoussystem
friction2:themechanicalwearresultingfrommasticationorpar- au(cid:1)to(cid:1)poly(cid:1)mer \oˆ#to(cid:1)-po˘l#a-mer\ n: a material that polymerizes by
afunction, limited to contacting surfaces of the teeth—comp chemicalreactionwithoutexternalheatasaresultoftheaddition
ABRASION,EROSION ofanactivatorandacatalyst—au(cid:1)to(cid:1)poly(cid:1)mer(cid:1)i(cid:1)za(cid:1)tionvb
16 VOLUME94NUMBER1
THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY
auto polymerizing resin Beilby layer
d
autopolymerizingresin\oˆ#to(cid:1)-po˘l-a-me˘r-(cid:1)ı#zingre˘z#ı˘n\:aresinwhose riorlyorlaterally)thataredevelopedforthepurposeofstabilizing
polymerizationisinitiatedbyachemicalactivator dentures(GPT-4)
averageaxisfacebow\a˘v#er-ı˘j,a˘v#rı˘ja˘k#sı˘sf(cid:1)asbo(cid:1)\:adeviceusedtore- balancingsideobs:seeNONWORKINGSIDE
latethemaxillarycasttothecondylarelementsofanarticulatorus- bar\ba¨r\n(12c):astraightorcurvolinearpieceofmetalorwoodthat
ing average anatomic landmarks to estimate the position of the islongerthanitiswide.Itmayhaveseveralusesincludingalever,
transversehorizontalaxisontheface. barrier,fastener,handle,orsupport.Inprosthodontics,itservesto
averagevaluearticulator\a˘v#rı˘jva˘l#yo(cid:1)o(cid:1)a¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)a#ter\:anarticula- connecttwoormorepartsofaremovabledentalprosthesisorfixed
torthatisfabricatedtopermitmotionbasedonmeanmandibular dentalprosthesis—usageseeB.CONNECTOR
movements—calledalsoClassIIIarticulator barclasp\ba¨rkla˘sp\:aclaspretainerwhosebodyextendsfromamajor
avul(cid:1)sion\a-vu˘l#shun\n(1622):aforcibleseparationordetachment, connectorordenturebase,passingadjacenttothesofttissuesand
asinatearingawayofabodypartsurgicallyoraccidentally approachingthetoothfromagingivo-occlusaldirection
avulsionfracture\a-vu˘l#shunfra˘k#cher\:atearingawayortraumatic barclasparm:seeBARCLASP
separationofapartofabone barconnector\ba˘rka-ne˘k#tor\:ametalcomponentofgreaterlength
axialcontour:theshapeofabodythatisinitslongaxis thanwidththatservestoconnectthepartsofaremovablepartial
axialinclination\a˘k#s(cid:1)e-alı˘n#klan(cid:1)a#shun\1:therelationshipofthe denture—usage see LABIAL B.C., LINGUAL B.C., PALATAL
longaxisofabodytoadesignatedplane2:indentistry,thealign- B.C.
mentofthelongaxisofatoothtoaselectedplane,oftenthehor- barretainer\ba˘rrı˘-t(cid:1)a#ner\obs:ametalbarusuallyrestingonlingual
izontalplane surfacesofteethtoaidintheirstabilizationandtoactasindirect
axialloading\a˘k#s(cid:1)e-allo(cid:1)#dı˘ng\:theforcedirecteddownthelongaxis retainers(GPT-4)—seeBARCONNECTOR
ofabodyEditorialnote—Usuallyusedtodescribetheforceofocclusal basal\b(cid:1)a#sal,-zal\adj(1828):pertainingtoorsituatednearthebase
contactuponanaturaltooth,dentalimplantorotherobject,axial basalbone\b(cid:1)a#sakbo(cid:1)n\:theosseoustissueofthemandibleandmax-
loadingisbestdescribedastheforcedownthelongaxisofthetooth illaeexclusiveofthealveolarprocess
orwhateverbodyisbeingdescribed.Loading‘‘theaxis’’isanerror basalseat:seeDENTUREFOUNDATIONAREA
basalsurface:seeDENTUREBASE
insyntax
1base\b(cid:1)as\vt(1587):theactofplacingaliningmaterialunderadental
axial reduction: the amount of tooth removal(alteration,prepara-
restoration
tion) along its long axis—comp INCISAL REDUCTION,
2base \b(cid:1)as\ n (14c): any substance placed under a restoration that
OCCLUSALREDUCTION
blocksoutundercutsinthepreparation,actsasathermalorchem-
axialsurface:theexteriorofabodythatisorientedinitslongaxis
icalbarriertothepulp,and/orcontrolsthethicknessoftheover-
axialwall:1:thesideofabodythatisinitslongaxis2:indentistry,the
lyingrestoration—calledalsobasematerial—usage:adjectivessuch
surfaceofatoothpreparationthatisinitslongaxis
ax(cid:1)is\a˘k#sı˘s\n,plax(cid:1)es(14c):alinearoundwhichabodymayrotate asinsulatingb.,therapeuticb.mayalsobeused
3base\b(cid:1)as\n(19c):theportionofadenturethatsupportstheartificial
or about which a structure would turn if it could revolve—see
dentition and replaces the alveolar structures and gingival tis-
CONDYLAR A., SAGITTAL A., TRANSVERSE
sues—seeDENTUREB.
HORIZONTALA.,VERTICALA.
axis of preparation \a˘k#sı˘s u˘v pre˘p#a-r(cid:1)a#shun\: the planned line or basematerial\b(cid:1)asma˘-tˆır#(cid:1)e-al\obs:anysubstanceofwhichadenture
basemaybemade,suchasacrylicresin,vulcanite,polystyrene,or
pathofplacementandremovalforadentalrestoration
axisorbitalplane\a˘k#sı˘soˆr#bı˘ ta˘lpl(cid:1)an\:thehorizontalplaneestab- metal(GPT-4)
basemetal\b(cid:1)asme˘t#l\:anymetallicelementthatdoesnotresisttarnish
lishedbythetransversehorizontalaxisofthemandiblewithapoint
andcorrosion—seeNOBLEMETAL
ontheinferiorborderoftherightorleftbonyorbit(orbitale).This
basemetalalloy\ba˘sme˘t#la˘l#oi#\:analloycomposedofmetalsthat
planecanbeusedasahorizontalreferencepoint
arenotnoble
ax(cid:1)le\a˘k#sul\n(14c):arigidshaftorrodthatdirectsrotarymotion baseplate\b(cid:1)as#pl(cid:1)at\n:arigid,relativelythinlayerofwax,shellac,or
thermoplastic(heat,chemical,photoactivated)polymeradapted
B overedentuloussurfacesofadefinitivecasttoformabasewhich,
backpressureporosity\ba˘kpre˘sh#erpa-ro˘s#ı˘-t(cid:1)e\:porosityproduced togetherwithanattachedocclusionrimmadeofwaxorsimilarma-
indentalcastingsthoughttobeduetotheinabilityofgasesinthe terial,servesastherecordbase–seeRECORDBASE
moldtoescapeduringthecastingprocedure baseplatewax\b(cid:1)as#pl(cid:1)atwa˘ks\:ahardwaxusedformakingocclusion
back(cid:1)ing\ba˘k#ı˘ng\n(1793):ametalsupportthatattachesaveneerto rims,waxingdentures,andotherdentalprocedures
aprosthesis basket endosteal dental implant \ba˘s#kı˘t e˘n#da-st(cid:1)el# de˘n#tl ı˘m-
back(cid:1)scat(cid:1)ter or back(cid:1)scat(cid:1)ter(cid:1)ing n (1940): see SCATTERED pla˘nt\:a perforated,cylindric,endosteal dentalimplant,the im-
RADIATION plant body of which is designed in the form of single, double,
balancedarticulation\ba˘lansda¨r-tı˘k#ya-l(cid:1)a#shun\:thebilateral,simul- and/ortriplecontiguouscylinder(s)
taneous,anterior,andposteriorocclusalcontactofteethincentric bead-brushtechnique:amethodofapplyinganautopolymerizing
and eccentric positions—see CROSS ARCH B.A., CROSS resinmixtoasurfacewherebyabrushtipisfirstdippedinliquid
TOOTHB.A. monomerandthenpolymerpowderformingasmallbeadthatis
balancedbite:seeBALANCEDARTICULATION incrementallyappliedtoformthedesiredshape
balancedocclusalcontact:seeNONWORKINGSIDEOCCLUSAL beading\b(cid:1)e#dı˘ng\:creatinganirregularsurfacebymeansofstipples,
CONTACTS dots,speckles,orthelike
balancedocclusion:seeBALANCEDARTICULATION beam\b(cid:1)em\n,obs:atermonceusedinsteadofbarwithspecificrefer-
balancingcondyle:seeNONWORKINGSIDECONDYLE encetothebarconnector—usageincludedcantileverbeam,con-
balancingcontact:seeBALANCINGOCCLUSALCONTACT tinuousbeam,simplebeam(GPT-4)
balancinginterference\ba˘l#ansı˘ngı˘n#ter-fear#ans\:undesirablecon- bees’waxn(1676):alow-meltingwaxobtainedfromhoneycomband
tact(s)ofopposingocclusalsurfacesonthenonworkingside usedasaningredientofmanydentalimpressionwaxes
balancing occlusal contact: see NONWORKING SIDE Beilby layer [Sir George Thomas Beilby, British chemist, 1850-
OCCLUSALCONTACTS 1924]:eponymfor the moleculardisorganized surfacelayer of a
balancingocclusalsurfaces\ba˘l#ansı˘ngaklo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#zalsuˆr#fases\obs:the highly polished metal. A relatively scratch-free microcrystalline
occludingsurfacesofdenturesonthebalancingside(anteroposte- surfaceproducedbyaseriesofabrasivesofdecreasingcoarseness.
JULY2005 17
THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS
Beilby layer bolus
d
BeilbyGT.Aggregationandflowofsolids,1921. bio(cid:1)in(cid:1)te(cid:1)gra(cid:1)tion\b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-in#tı˘-gr(cid:1)a#shun\n(1998):thebenignaccep-
benchset\be˘nchse˘t\:astageofresinprocessingthatallowsachemical tance of a foreign substance by living tissue —see OSSEOUS
reactiontooccurundertheconditionspresentintheambienten- INTEGRATION
vironment;alsousedtodescribethecontinuingpolymerizationof biologicwidth\b(cid:1)ı#a-lo˘j#ı˘-kal\(1998):thecombinedwidthofconnec-
impressionmaterialsbeyondthemanufacture’sstatedsettime tivetissueandjunctionalepithelialattachmentformedadjacenttoa
Bennettangle\Be˘n#e˘ta˘ng#gal\obs:theangleformedbetweenthesag- toothandsuperiortothecrestalbone
ittalplaneandtheaveragepathoftheadvancingcondyleasviewed Gargiulo,AWetalJPeriodontology1961;32:261-267
in the horizontal plane during lateral mandibular movements Cohen,DW.LectureatWalterReedArmyMedicalCenter,June3,1962
(GPT-4) bio(cid:1)ma(cid:1)te(cid:1)ri(cid:1)al\b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-ma-tˆır#(cid:1)e-al\n(1966):anysubstanceotherthan
Bennett’smovement[SirNormanGodfreyBennett,Britishdental adrugthatcanbeusedforanyperiodoftimeaspartofasystemthat
surgeon,1870-1947]:seeLATEROTRUSION treats,augments,orreplacesanytissue,organ,orfunctionofthe
BennettNG.Acontributiontothestudyofthemovementsofthemandible. body
ProcRoySocMed(Lond)1908;1:79-98(OdontSection) bio(cid:1)me(cid:1)chan(cid:1)ics \b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-mı˘-ka˘n#iks\ n, pl but sing or pl in constr
Bennett’s side shift [Sir Norman Godfrey Bennett, British dental
(1933)1:theapplicationofmechanicallawstolivingstructures,
surgeon, 1870-1947]: see MANDIBULAR LATERAL
specifically the locomotor systems of the body 2: the study of
TRANSLATION
biology from the functional viewpoint 3: an application of the
BennettNGAcontributiontothestudyofthemovementsofthemandible.
principlesofengineeringdesignasimplementedinlivingorgan-
ProcRoySocMed(Lond)1908;1:79-98(OdontSection)
1bevel\be˘v#al\n(1611):aslantingedge isms—see also DENTAL B
2bevel\be˘v#al\vt:theprocessofslantingthefinishlineandcurveof bi(cid:1)om(cid:1)e(cid:1)tryn(1831):thescienceoftheapplicationofstatisticalmethodsto
biologicfacts,asthemathematicalanalysisofbiologicdata
atoothpreparation
bi(cid:1)op(cid:1)syn,pl-sies(1895):theremovaloftissueforhistologicexam-
Bezold-Bruckeeffect[Helmholtz,1867]:theapparentchangeinhue
inationanddiagnosis
thataccompaniesachangeinluminance
bio(cid:1)sta(cid:1)tis(cid:1)tics\b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-sta-tı˘s#tı˘ks\n,plbutsinginconstr(1950):the
B.I.D.:acronymforL.BisInDi’e,twiceaday
bifidcondyle\b(cid:1)ı#fı˘dko˘n#d(cid:1)ıl#,-dl#\:acondylaranomalywhereanex- scienceoftheapplicationofstatisticalmethodstobiologicfacts,
asthemathematicalanalysisofbiologicdata—seeBIOMETRY
aggeratedcentraldepressionexists
bi(cid:1)fur(cid:1)ca(cid:1)tion\b(cid:1)ı#fur-k(cid:1)a#shu\n(1615)1:divisionintotwobranches biphasicpinfixation\b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-f(cid:1)az#ı˘kpı˘nfı˘k-s(cid:1)a#shun\:theuseofexternal
2:thesitewhereasinglestructuredividesintotwoparts,asintwo pinfixationinthetreatmentofbonefractures
rootsofatooth Bis-GMA: acronym for BISPHENOL-A GLYCIDYL DIMETHA-
bilaminarzone:seeRETRODISCALTISSUE CRYLATE
bi(cid:1)lat(cid:1)er(cid:1)al\b(cid:1)ı-la˘t#er-al\adj(1775):havingorpertainingtotwosides Bisphenol-Aglycidyldimethacrylate:ahighmolecularweightresin
bilateral balanced articulation: also termed balanced articulation, constituentofmostdentalcompositeresins
thebilateral,simultaneousanteriorandposteriorocclusalcontact biscuitbiteslang:seeMAXILLOMANDIBULARRELATIONSHIP
ofteethincentricandexcentricpositions RECORD
bilateral distal extension removable partial denture \b(cid:1)ı-la˘t#er-al bisquebake\bı˘skb(cid:1)ak\:aseriesofstagesofmaturationinthefiringof
dı˘s#talı˘k-ste˘n#shunrı˘-mo(cid:1)o(cid:1)#va-balpa¨r#shalde˘n#chur\:aremovable ceramicmaterialsrelatingtothedegreeofpyrochemicalreaction
dentalprosthesisreplacingthedistalmosttoothorteethoneach andsinteringshrinkageoccurringbeforevitrification(glazing)—
side of one arch of the mouth—see KENNEDY CLASSIFICA- calledalsobiscuitbake
TIONOFREMOVABLEPARTIALDENTURES bite\b(cid:1)ıt\vb,obs:theactofincisingorcrushingbetweentheteeth—see
bimanualmanipulationtechnique:amethodforplacementofthe OCCLUSIONRECORD
mandibleusingboththumbsonthechinandthefingersonthein- biteanalysis:seeOCCLUSALANALYSIS
feriorborderofthemandibletoguidethejawintocentricrelation. biteblock:seeOCCLUSIONRIM,RECORDRIM
FirstdescribedbyPeterDawson,DDS,St.Petersburg,FL biteclosing:seeDECREASEDOCCLUSALVERTICALDIMEN-
DawsonPETemporomandibularjointpain-dysfunctionproblemscanbe SION
solved.JProsthetDent1973;29:100-12 biteguard:seeOCCLUSALDEVICE
bimaxillary protrusion \b(cid:1)ı-ma˘k#sa-le˘r#(cid:1)e pro(cid:1)-tro(cid:1)o(cid:1)#zhen\: a simulta- biteopening:seeOCCLUSALVERTICALDIMENSION
neousdentalorskeletalprotrusionofboththemaxillaryandman- biteplane:seeOCCLUSALPLANE
dibularjawsand/orteeth biteplate:seeOCCLUSIONRIM,RECORDRIM
bi(cid:1)meter\b(cid:1)ı-m(cid:1)e#ter\n(20c):agnathodynamometerequippedwith biteraising:seeOCCLUSALVERTICALDIMENSION
a central bearing plate of adjustable height—see biterim:seeOCCLUSIONRIM,RECORDRIM
GNATHODYNAMOMETER bitingforce:seeOCCLUSALFORCE
bio(cid:1)ac(cid:1)cept(cid:1)ability \b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-a˘k-se˘p#ta-bı˘l#ı˘-t(cid:1)e#\ (1998): the quality of bitingpressure:seeOCCLUSALFORCE
compatibility in a living environment in spite of adverse or un- bitingstrength:seeOCCLUSALFORCE
wantedsideeffects blacktriangle:seeINTERDENTALGINGIVALVOID
bio(cid:1)com(cid:1)pat(cid:1)i(cid:1)ble \b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-kom-pa˘t#a-bal\ adj: capable of existing in bladeendostealdentalimplant\bl(cid:1)ade˘n-do˘s-t(cid:1)e#alde˘n#tlı˘m-pla˘nt\:a
harmonywiththesurroundingbiologicenvironment faciolingual narrowed, wedge-shaped dental implant body with
bio(cid:1)feed(cid:1)back\b(cid:1)ı#o(cid:1)-f(cid:1)ed#ba˘k#\n(1971)1:theprocessoffurnishingan openingsorventsthroughwhichtissuemaygrow
individualinformation,usuallyinanauditoryorvisualmode,on bladeimplant:seeBLADEENDOSTEALDENTALIMPLANT
thestateofoneormorephysiologicvariablessuchasbloodpres- blockout\blo˘kout\adj:1:eliminationofundesirableundercutsona
sure,skintemperaturemuscletonusorheartrate;thisprocedure cast,2:theprocessofapplyingwaxoranothersimilartemporary
oftenenablesan individual togain somevoluntarycontrolover substancetoundercutportionsofacastsoastoleaveonlythose
the variable being sampled 2: the instrumental process or tech- undercutsessentialtotheplannedconstructionofaprosthesis.A
niqueoflearningvoluntarycontroloverautomaticallyregulated blocked out cast may also include other surface modifications
bodyfunctions neededrelativetotheconstructionoftheprosthesis
bio functional orthopedics: see FUNCTIONAL JAW bo(cid:1)lus\bo(cid:1)#lus\n(1562):aroundedmass,asalargepillorsoftmassof
ORTHOPEDICS chewedfood
18 VOLUME94NUMBER1
THEACADEMYOFPROSTHODONTICS THEJOURNALOFPROSTHETICDENTISTRY
blowout fracture bulb
d
blowoutfracture\blo(cid:1)#outfra˘k#chur\:collexpressionforafractureof BonwillWGA.Scientificarticulationofthehumanteethasfoundedongeo-
theorbitalfloorcausedbyasuddenincreaseinintraorbitalpressure metrical,mathematicalandmechanicallaws.DentalItemsInt1899;21:617-
duetotraumaticforce 56,873-80.
board-certified prosthodontist \boˆrd-suˆr#ta-f(cid:1)ıd pro˘s#tha-do˘n#tı˘st\: bonyankylosis\bo(cid:1)#n(cid:1)ea˘ng#ka-lo(cid:1)#sı˘s\:thebonyunionofthecompo-
in the United States, as defined by the American Board of nentsofajointresultingincompleteimmobility
Prosthodontics,aprosthodontistwhohaspassedthecertifyingex- bor(cid:1)der\boˆr#der\n(14c):thecircumferentialmargin,edgeorsurface;
aminationadministeredbytheAmericanBoardofProsthodontics aboundingline,edge,orsurface—seeDENTUREBORDER
board-eligibleprosthodontist\boˆrd-e˘l#ı˘-ja-balpro˘s#tha-do˘n#tı˘st\:in bordermolding\boˆr#dermo(cid:1)l#ding\1:theshapingoftheborderareas
the United States, as defined by the American Board of ofanimpressionmaterialbyfunctionalormanualmanipulationof
Prosthodontics,aprosthodontistwhoseapplicationforexamina- thesofttissueadjacenttotheborderstoduplicatethecontourand
tionforcertificationiscurrentandhasbeenacceptedforexamina- sizeofthevestibule2:determiningtheextensionofaprosthesisby
tionbytheAmericanBoardofProsthodontics usingtissuefunctionormanualmanipulationofthetissuestoshape
bodyporcelain:aporcelainblendusedforthebulkofaceramicrestor- theborderareasofanimpressionmaterial
ation—compINCISALPORCELAIN,GINGIVALPORCELAIN bordermovement\boˆr#dermo(cid:1)o(cid:1)v#ment\:mandibularmovementat
boilout:seeWAXELIMINATION the limits dictated by anatomic structures, as viewed in a given
Boleygauge:acaliper-typeslidinggaugeusedformeasuringthickness plane
andlineardimension borderposition:seePOSTERIORB.P.
bond\bo˘nd\n(12c)1:thelinkagebetweentwoatomsorradicalsofa borderseal\boˆr#ders(cid:1)el\:thecontactofthedentureborderwiththe
chemicalcompound2:theforcethatholdstwoormoreunitsof underlyingoradjacenttissuestopreventthepassageofairorother
matter together—see SECONDARY BONDS, substances
VANDERWALL’SBOND bordertissuemovements’:theactionofthemusclesandothertissues
bondstrength\bo˘ndstre˘ngkth,stre˘ngth\:theforcerequiredtobreak adjacenttothebordersofadenture
abondedassemblywithfailureoccurringinorneartheadhesive/ boxinganimpression\bo˘k#singa˘nı˘m-pre˘sh#an\:theenclosure(box)
adherensinterface ofanimpressiontoproducethedesiredsizeandformofthebaseof
bondedbridge:seeRESIN-BONDEDPROSTHESIS thecastandtopreservedesireddetails
bond(cid:1)ing\bo˘n#dı˘ng\n(1976)1:joiningtogethersecurelywithanad- boxingwax\bo˘k#singwa˘ks\:waxusedforboxinganimpression
hesivesubstancesuchascementorglue2:theprocedureofusing brac(cid:1)ing\br(cid:1)a#sı˘ng\adj:theresistancetohorizontalcomponentsof
anadhesive,cementingmaterialorfusibleingredienttocombine, masticatoryforce
unite,orstrengthen3:anadhesivetechniqueindentistryinvolving brack(cid:1)et\bra˘k#ı˘t\n:anorthodonticdeviceattachedtoanindividual
conditioningofenameland/ordentinsoastocreatetagsinthe toothtoholdarchwires
toothstructureformechanicalretentionofrestorativematerial brazinginvestment\br(cid:1)a#zingı˘n-ve˘st#ment\:aninvestmenthavinga
bondingagent\bo˘n#dı˘ng(cid:1)a#jent\:amaterialusedtopromoteadhe- bindingsystemconsistingofacidicphosphatesuchasmonoammo-
sionorcohesionbetweentwodifferentsubstances,orbetweena niumphosphateandabasicoxidesuchasmagnesiumoxide
materialandnaturaltoothstructures brazingmaterial\br(cid:1)a#zingma-tˆır#(cid:1)e-al\:analloysuitableforuseasa
bone\bo(cid:1)n\n(bef.12c):the hard portion of the connective tissue fillermaterialinoperationswithwhichdentalalloy(s)is/arejoined
which constitutes the majority of the skeleton; it consists of an toformadentalrestoration
inorganic or mineral component and an organic component braze\br(cid:1)az\vt(1677):tojoinwithanonferrousalloythatmeltsata
(thematrixandcells);thematrixiscomposedofcollagenousfi- lowertemperaturethanthatofthemetalsbeingjoined
bersandisimpregnatedwithminerals,chieflycalciumphosphate breakdownpotential\br(cid:1)ak#doun#pa-te˘n#shul\:thelastnoblepoten-
(approx. 85%) and calcium carbonate (approx. 10%), thus im- tiawherepittingand/orcrevicecorrosionwillinitiateandpropa-
parting the quality of rigidity—called also osseous tissue—see gate
ALVEOLAR B. BASAL B. CANCELLOUS B. COMPACT bridgen,slang:seeFIXEDDENTALPROSTHESIS
B., CORTICAL B. bridgeworkslang:seeFIXEDDENTALPROSTHESIS
boneatrophy\bo(cid:1)na˘-tro(cid:1)#f(cid:1)e\:boneresorptionnotedinternallybyade- brittle\brı˘t#l\1:easilybrokenorshattered;fragileorcrisp,2:proneto
creaseindensityandexternallybyareductioninform fractureorfailure;thefracturethatoccurswhentheproportional
boneaugmentation:seeAUGMENTATION limitofamaterialisexceeded
boneconduction\bo(cid:1)nkun-du˘k#shun\:theconductionofsoundto brux(cid:1)ism\bru˘k-sı˘z#em\n(ca.1940)1:theparafunctionalgrindingof
theinnerearthroughthebonesoftheskull—calledalsocranial teeth2:anoralhabitconsistingofinvoluntaryrhythmicorspas-
conduction,osteotympanicconductionandtissueconduction modic nonfunctional gnashing, grinding, or clenching of teeth,
bonecurettage\bo(cid:1)nkyo(cid:1)o(cid:1)r#ı˘-ta˘zh\:thesurgicalshavingorsmoothing in other than chewing movements of the mandible, which may
ofthebonesexternalsurface leadtoocclusaltrauma—calledalsotoothgrinding,occlusalneurosis
boneexpansion\bo(cid:1)nik-spa˘n#shun\:manipulationofabonyridgeby brux(cid:1)o(cid:1)ma(cid:1)nia\bru˘ks-o(cid:1)-m(cid:1)a#n(cid:1)e-a,-m(cid:1)an#ya\vb,obs:thegrindingof
placementofanosteotometosplitthecorticalridgeandhenceen- teeth occurring as a neurotic habit during the waking state
hancebonewidth (GPT-4)
bonefactor\bo(cid:1)nfa˘k#tor\:relativeresponseofalveolarbonetostimu- buc(cid:1)cal\bu˘k#al\adj(ca.1771):pertainingtooradjacenttothecheek
lationorirritation;theratioofosteogenesistoosteolysis buccalflange\bu˘k#alfla˘nj\:theportionoftheflangeofadenturethat
bonemarrow\bo(cid:1)nma˘r#o(cid:1)\:thesoftvasculartissuethatfillsbonecav- occupiesthebuccalvestibuleofthemouth
itiesandcancellousbonespaceswhichconsistsprimarilyoffatcells, buccalvestibule\bu˘k#alve˘s#ti-byo(cid:1)o(cid:1)l\:theportionoftheoralcavity
hematopoieticcells,andosteogeneticreticularcells thatisboundedononesidebytheteeth,gingiva,andalveolarridge
Bonwill triangle \Bo˘n#wı˘l tr(cid:1)ı#a˘ng#gl\ [William Gibson Arlington (intheedentulousmouth,theresidualridge)andonthelateralside
Bonwill,Americandentist,1833-1899]:eponymfora4inchequi- bythecheekposteriortothebuccalfrenula
lateraltriangleboundedbylinesconnectingthecontactpointsof buccolingualrelationship\bu˘k#o-lı˘ng#gwalrı˘-l(cid:1)a#shun-shı˘p\:anypo-
the mandibular central incisor’s incisal edge (or the mid-line of sitionofreferencerelativetothetongueandcheeks
the mandibular residual ridge) to each condyle (usually its mid buc(cid:1)co(cid:1)ver(cid:1)sion\bu˘k#ko(cid:1)-vuˆr#shun\n:adeviationtowardthecheek
point) and from one condyle to the other, first described by bulb\bu˘lb\n,slang,chieflydialectic:seeOBTURATOR,SPEECH
Bonwillin1858whileintroducinghisAnatomicalArticulator AIDPROSTHESIS
JULY2005 19