Globalization and Children: Exploring Potentials for Enhancing Opportunities in the Lives of Children and Youth

182 Pages·2002·1.62 MB·English

by  Natalie Hevener Kaufman, Irene Rizzini (auth.)

Globalization and Children
Exploring Potentials for
Enhancing Opportunities in the
Lives of Children and Youth
Globalization and Children
Exploring Potentials for
Enhancing Opportunities in the
Lives of Children and Youth
Natalie Hevener Kaufman
University of South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina
and
Irene Rizzini
Universidade Santa Ursula
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: 0-306-47925-7
Print ISBN: 0-306-47368-2
©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
Print ©2002 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
New York
All rights reserved
No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher
Created in the United States of America
Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com
and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com
For Sharon Stephens and for our children:
Nafisa Rizzini Ansari, Moniza Rizzini Ansari, Carrollee Kaufman
Hevener, and Athey Whiteman Kaufman
Contributors
Arlene Bowers Andrews is Professor of Social Work and Director of the Institute
for Families in Society at the University of South Carolina. The Institute she
currently directs is comprised of scholars and students from multiple aca-
demic disciplines who study the strengths, needs, and functions of families in
changing societies within the southern U.S. and other parts of the world.
Dr. Andrews is the author of Victimization and Survivor Services, co-editor of
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Implementing the Right to an
Adequate Standard of Living and Measuring and Monitoring Child Well-Being
and author of several articles and book chapters regarding family violence
prevention and community systems development.
Gary Barker is Director of Instituto PROMUNDO, a Brazilian NGO that works
on research, advocacy, policy analysis and training in the area of child and
youth policy. He has worked for more than 15 years in the area of child and
youth development, most of that time living in Latin America. He has served
as consultant to the World Bank, UNICEF, the World Health Organization and
UNAIDS, among others.
Malcolm Bush is president of Woodstock Institute, a 28 year-old research and
policy nonprofit based in Chicago that works local, nationally and internation-
ally to promote financial reinvestment and economic development in lower-
income and minority communities. Prior to joining Woodstock, he was a regular
faculty member at the University of Chicago writing about children and family
policy including the book Families in Distress: Public, Private, and Civic
Responses. His Ph.D. is from Northwestern University and his B.A. from
Oxford University.
Louise Chawla is an Associate Professor in Whitney Young College, an inter-
disciplinary honors program at Kentucky State University in the United States,
and Associate Faculty in the Doctoral Program in Environmental Studies
at Antioch New England Graduate School. She has published widely on the top-
ics of the development of environmental concern and responsibility, cultural
vii
viii Contributors
interpretations of nature and home, and children’s environmental experience,
including the books In the First Country of Places: Nature, Poetry and Childhood
Memory and Growing Up in an Urbanising World.
Allison James is Reader in Applied Anthropology at the University of Hull and
Director of the Centre for the Social Study of Childhood. She has worked in the
sociology/anthropology of childhood since the late 1970s and has helped pio-
neer the theoretical and methodological approaches to research with children
which are central to the new childhood studies. She is author or co-author of
numerous articles and books on childhood including Growing Up and Growing
Old: Childhood Identities; and Theorising Childhood: Research with Children.
She has two co-authored books forthcoming: Social Identities Across the Life
Course and Childhood: Theory, Policy and Practice.
Natalie Hevener Kaufman is Louise Fry Scudder Professor at the University of
South Carolina and Faculty Associate at the Institute on Family and
Neighborhood Life at Clemson University. Her books include: Human Rights
Treaties and the Senate: A History of Opposition; The Participation Rights of
the Child (with Malfrid Flekkoy); The Implementation of the UN Convention
on the Rights of the Child (with Arlene Bowers Andrews); and Measuring and
Monitoring Children’s Well-Being (with Ben-Arieh et al.). Her articles have
appeared in Human Rights quarterly, International and Comparative Law
quarterly, the Journal of Children’s Rights, and Harvard Women’s Law Journal.
Elaine C. Lacy is an Associate Professor of History at the University of South
Carolina Aiken. Her training in both the history of Latin America and in inter-
national business contribute to an ongoing scholarly interest in Latin America’s
economic situation. She has published a number of papers, articles, and chap-
ters on politics and culture in Mexico, and is presently working on a book
about Mexican cultural politics in the early 1920s.
Susan Limber is Director of the Center on Youth Participation and Human
Rights and Associate Director of the Institute on Family and Neighborhood Life
at Clemson University. She is also Associate Professor of Psychology at Clemson.
Dr. Limber is a developmental psychologist, who received her doctorate in
psychology and Masters of Legal Studies from the University of Nebraska-
Lincoln. Her research and writing have focused on children’s rights, youth
participation, youth violence, and child protection. In 1997, Dr. Limber
received the Saleem Shah Award for early career excellence in psychology-
law policy, awarded by the American Psychology–Law Society of the
American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Forensic
Psychiatry.
Gary B. Melton is professor of psychology and director of the Institute on
Family and Neighborhood Life at Clemson University. He is president of Child-
watch International and a past president of the American Psychology–Law
Contributors ix
Society and the American Psychological Association Division of Child, Youth,
and Family Services. The author of more than 275 publications and a lecturer
or consultant in more than 25 countries, Prof. Melton has concentrated his
scholarly work in recent years on the application of international human rights
law to child and family issues. He has received awards for distinguished pub-
lic service from the American Psychological Association (twice), the American
Psychological Foundation, Psi Chi, and Prevent Child Abuse America.
Per Miljeteig is Director of Childwatch International Research Network. He has
served as Consultant to the World Bank Child Labor program, technical advisor
to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and leader of the Norwegian Forum
for the Convention on the Rights of the Child. He has written papers and pub-
lished articles on child labor, children’s social networks, child–parent relations
and policies for a better childhood, the history of day-care for children in Norway,
and the history and the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the
Child.
Virginia Murphy-Berman received her Ph.D. in personality/social psychology
from Northwestern University in Chicago Illinois. She currently holds the
position of Professor of Psychology in the Psychology Department of Skidmore
College. Dr. Murphy-Berman has published numerous articles in the areas of
cross-cultural psychology and social policy evaluation and analysis. Dr. Murphy-
Berman’s current research interests include study of cross-cultural differences
in ideas of fairness, social justice and in perceptions of children’s rights.
Irene Rizzini is a Professor and a researcher at the Catholic University of Rio
de Janeiro (PUC) and at Universidade Santa Ursula and Director of The Center
for Research on Childhood; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Professor Rizzini serves as
Vice-President of the Advisory Board of Childwatch International Research
Network. She is the author of several books, among which are: The Art of
Governing Children: The History of Social Policies, Legislation and Child
Welfare in Brazil; Disinherited from Society: Street Children in Latin America;
The Lost Century: The Historical Roots of Public Policies on Children in Brazil;
Images of the Child in Brazil: 19th and 20th centuries; Children and the Law
in Brazil: Revisiting the History (1822–2000).
Ross A. Thompson is Carl A. Happold Distinguished Professor of Psychology at
the University of Nebraska. He also served on the Committee on Integrating the
Science of Early Childhood Development of the National Research Council,
which produced the report From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of
Early Childhood Development. He is Director of the Developmental Psychology
Program, and a core faculty member of the Law–Psychology Program at the
University of Nebraska. His books include Preventing Child Maltreatment
through Social Support: Critical Analysis; Early Brain Development, the Media,
and Public Policy, and (edited with Paul Amato) The Postdivorce Family:
Children, Families, and Society. He also edited Socioemotional Development,
and is co-author of Infant–Mother Attachment.
x Contributors
Brian Wilcox is Director of the Center on Children, Families, and the Law and
Professor of Psychology at the University of Nebraska—Lincoln, where he is
affiliated with the Law-Psychology and Developmental Psychology programs.
He has published in a number of areas related to child, youth, and family policy,
including adolescent sexual behavior and risk-taking, child maltreatment, wel-
fare reform, and children and media. He is a co-author of Big World, Small Screen:
The Role of Television in American Society and served as chair of the American
Psychological Association’s Task Force on Advertising and Children.
Sian Williams is Projects Technical Director at Caribbean Child Development
Centre (CCDC), University of the West Indies, with responsibility for assistance
to Caribbean Governments in early childhood policy and program develop-
ment (funded by UNICEF Caribbean Area Office), consultation, and policy
development regarding sexual exploitation and violence against children
(funded by UNICEF Jamaica Office and the International Labour Organisation)
and the Profiles Project to develop indicators and monitoring systems for the
status of children and their learning environments on entry to primary school
(funded by the InterAmerican Development Bank). She has worked in the
Caribbean Region since 1993.
Kathleen K. Wilson is Professor of Community Development and Director of
the Center of Neighborhood Development within the Institute on Family and
Neighborhood Life, Clemson University. She has been involved in numerous
rural community development projects around the world over the past
30 years. She is known best for her work at founding and nurturing community-
based organizations that enhance positive outcomes in children, youth, and
families. She has authored 27 books and numerous What Works reports useful
in guiding the directions of community improvements.
Acknowledgments
This book is based on work from two seminars organized by Childwatch Inter-
national: one in Cape Town, South Africa and the other in Kiawah Island, South
Carolina, USA. We would like to thank the Directors of Childwatch International,
Per Miljeteig and Randi Waerdahl for all their help with the organization and
funding of that work. We would also like to thank Shelli Charles of the Institute
on Family and Neighborhood Life at Clemson University for her invaluable help
and thoughtful patience in the challenging tasks of organizing two international
conferences. We are grateful to Rose September of the University of the Western
Cape, Capetown, South Africa, for all her research, energy and dedication in help-
ing to plan and organize the meeting in South Africa. We are especially grateful
to Gary Melton for his vision and for his personal and professional support.
We are indebted to Carrollee Kaufman Hevener for her long hours editing
and helping to prepare this manuscript for publication. We would also like to
thank Sally Hansen, Julie Loggins, Delphine Ettinger, and Amy Lantz for their
help and support in finalizing the manuscript. We want to thank William Myers
and Andrew Dawes for their helpful comments on the Framework chapter.
Throughout our work we are grateful for the understanding and encour-
agement of our family and friends. Lee Jane would like to thank her partner,
David Whiteman, and her other family members—Carrollee Kaufman Hevener,
Athey Whiteman Kaufman, Susan Kaufman, Peter Waldron, Jacob and Miranda
Kaufman–Waldron, Helene, John, and Jessie Rosenberg, Ted, Lynne, and Meg
Kaufman, Murry Pierce and Kelly Lance. She would also like to thank her
friends Robyn Newkumet, Eileen Newman, Angela and Alfred Nordmann,
Elaine Lacy, Mike Scardaville, Martin Donougho, and Ellen Todd. Irene would
like to thank all her team at the Center for Research on Childhood at the
University of Santa Ursula and her colleagues at Pontificia Universidade
Catolica (PUC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She is also grateful to Gary Barker and
colleagues at the Institute Promundo for their partnership on projects designed
to realize the ideas of this work in the everyday lives of children. We would
both like to thank Malcolm Bush for his advice, his insights, and his enthusias-
tic support of the book.
xi