Global Security Watch-China (Praeger Security International) PDF
Preview Global Security Watch-China (Praeger Security International)
G S W CLOHBAL ECIURNITY AATCH RecentTitlesin GlobalSecurityWatch GlobalSecurityWatch—Lebanon DavidS.Sorenson GlobalSecurityWatch—TheCaucasusStates HoumanA.Sadri GlobalSecurityWatch—Kenya DonovanC.Chau GlobalSecurityWatch—Jordan W.AndrewTerrill GlobalSecurityWatch—Japan AndrewL.OrosandYukiTatsumi GlobalSecurityWatch—Sudan RichardA.Lobban,Jr. GlobalSecurityWatch—CentralAsia ReuelR.Hanks GlobalSecurityWatch—Pakistan SyedFarooqHasnat GlobalSecurityWatch—Venezuela DanielCharlesHellinger GlobalSecurityWatch—India AmitGupta GlobalSecurityWatch—Syria FredH.Lawson GlobalSecurityWatch—TheMaghreb:Algeria,Libya,Morocco,andTunisia YahiaH.ZoubirandLouisaDris-A¨ıt-Hamadouche G S W CLOHBAL ECIURNITY AATCH Richard Weitz PRAEGER AN IMPRINT OF ABC-CLIO, LLC Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright2013byRichardWeitz Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval system,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recording,orotherwise,exceptfortheinclusionofbriefquotationsina review,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Weitz,Richard. Globalsecuritywatch—China/RichardWeitz. pagescm.— (Globalsecuritywatch) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–0–313–38482–0(hardcopy:alk.paper)—ISBN978–0–313–38483–7(ebook) 1. China—Foreignrelations.2. China—Strategicaspects.3. China—Militarypolicy.4. National security—China. I.Title.II.Title:China. DS518.15.W45 2013 3550.033051—dc23 2013008123 ISBN:978–0–313–38482–0 EISBN:978–0–313–38483–7 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 ThisbookisalsoavailableontheWorldWideWebasaneBook. Visitwww.abc-clio.comfordetails. Praeger AnImprintofABC-CLIO,LLC ABC-CLIO,LLC 130CremonaDrive,P.O.Box1911 SantaBarbara,California93116-1911 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents Preface vii Chapter1:ChinaAscending 1 Chapter2:MilitaryPower 25 Chapter3:ChinainItsAsianNeighborhood 55 Chapter4:ChinaandtheWiderWorld 83 Chapter5:GlobalSecurityIssues 111 AppendixA:Biographies 131 AppendixB:Chronology 151 Bibliography 171 Index 189 This page intentionally left blank Preface The People’sRepublicof China(PRC)hasbecome,aftertheUnited States,the world’s most important country because of its enormous population, growing economic and military power, and newly assertive foreign policies. Whereas duringtheColdWar,Chinawaslargelyisolatedandalienatedfromworldpoli- tics,thePRChasbecomeamajorglobalsecurityactor.Today,nomajorsecurity issue,inanyregion,canbedecidedwithoutconsideringBeijing’sposition.Chi- na’s influence in Africa, Latin America, and other regions has been expanding alongwiththePRC’spowerinAsia.Chinaisfollowingthepathofearlierrising economic powers such as Great Britain and the United States in converting its economicpotentialintomilitarystrength.Beijingisalsodevelopingincreasingly powerfulmilitary tools,rangingfromnuclear weapons toinnovative cyberand space strike weapons. Despite these growing economic and military powers, Chinahasnotengagedinamajorwarsince1953.Westernleadersstillhopethat China will become a responsible global stakeholder and uphold existing internationalsecurityarrangements. Thisvolumein the PSI Global SecurityWatch seriesreviewsthe foreignand defense policies of China,with emphasis on developments since the 1989Tia- nanmen Square incident. It provides a comprehensive but relatively short and accessibletextforstudents,journalists,andpolicymakerseagertobetterunder- standtheimplicationsofChina’sascendingtrajectory.Thebiographies,chronol- ogy,andcoredocumentsintheappendicesalsomakethebookahandyreference tothegeneralreaderaswellasacademicaudiences. The first chapter describes China’s main foreign-policy goals and decision makers. China’s economy has been experiencing tremendous growth in recent years but must now transform to escape the “middle-income trap” that has ensnarledsomanyotherdevelopingstateswhose growthplateausaftertheycan viii Preface nolongerachieveeasygainsfromaddinglow-costlaborinputstoproduction.In addition,China’sauthoritarianpoliticalsystemstrugglestofindlegitimacyinan eraofdemocraticchange.ChaptertwoassessesChina’smilitarypower.ThePeo- ple’sLiberationArmyhasbecomemoreprofessionalandcapableduringthepast decade, but it lacks major power projection capabilities such as aircraft carrier fleetsandlong-rangebombers.Tocompensate,Chinesestrategistsaredeveloping innovative asymmetric tactics and capabilities, especially in the cyberdomain. The third chapter surveys China’s foreign policy toward key East, South, and CentralAsiancountriesaswellasTaiwanandRussia.ChapterfourreviewsChi- na’s policies toward the United States, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. I would like to thank my colleagues for the numerous insights they have offeredontheissuesaddressedinthisbook.MichaelAikenandAndrewHaggard were especiallyhelpfulin helpingme preparethe manuscript forpublication. I wish to thank the Carnegie Corporation, the Smith-Richardson Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and other institutions for supporting my research on Chinese foreign and defense policy over the years. Although listing all the China-relateddiscussionsandbriefingsIhaveparticipatedinduringrecentyears wouldbeimpossible,specialthanksgoestotheexpertsattheHudsonInstitute, the World Politics Review, the Diplomat, and the Second Line of Defense for commentingonvarious ideascontainedinthis volume onatopicasimportant asChina’sevolvingglobalsecurityrole.
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