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Global Perspectives on Women’s Leadership and Gender (In)Equality Edited by elena v. shabliy dmitry kurochkin gloria y. a. ayee Global Perspectives on Women’s Leadership and Gender (In)Equality Elena V. Shabliy Dmitry Kurochkin • Gloria Y. A. Ayee Editors Global Perspectives on Women’s Leadership and Gender (In)Equality Editors Elena V. Shabliy Dmitry Kurochkin Harvard University Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA Cambridge, MA, USA Gloria Y. A. Ayee Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA ISBN 978-3-030-41821-2 ISBN 978-3-030-41822-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41822-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword In leadership roles, women add diverse perspectives; this improves the work environment and decision-making practices, as well as organiza- tions. Based on historical underpinnings and some cultural customs, women are not always seen or treated as equal to men, although some progress has been made. There is the obvious need to discuss gender (in) equality. At times, women are underrepresented in leadership roles and in the political sphere. It is necessary to examine the role of women through a global lens. Having a global perspective will show that this issue of women’s rights advancement is not limited to a specific culture. This edited volume cross-culturally examines the role of women and the contributions they made to society. It highlights a few female leaders who strongly advocated for women’s rights. Institutions interested in pro- moting gender equality should pose the following questions: What is the gender structure of employment in this institution? Do women have equal access to leadership and decision-making roles? What are the exist- ing gender (in)equalities in the institution? What kind of policy measures can address those challenges? Moreover, to demonstrate their commit- ment to gender equity, institutions should develop training programs to v vi Foreword help women become leaders. All in All, Global Perspectives on Women’s Leadership and Gender (In)Equality provides case studies of female leaders from various countries, and discusses the importance of women in leadership roles. University of the Virgin Islands, Kingshill, VI Kimarie Engerman Contents 1 Women’s Leadership and Political Opportunity Structures 1 Elena V. Shabliy 2 Alicia Moreau de Justo: Transcending Generations 19 Gregory Hammond 3 Magda Portal as Peruvian Poet, Radical, and Reformer 47 Gregory Hammond 4 Rigoberta Menchú, an Indian Woman from Guatemala 77 Anna Hamling 5 Gender (In)Equality in the Creative Industries: Insights from Serbia 93 Hristina Mikić 6 Developing Women Leaders in Business: Research Insights and Best Practices 117 Taryn Oesch and Amy DuVernet vii viii Contents 7 Golda Meir: The Israeli Iron Lady 165 Orit Miller Katav 8 A Noticeable Woman in the Public Sphere: The Life of Israeli Journalist Hannah Semer (1924–2003) 191 Einat Lachover Conclusion 211 Index 215 Notes on Contributors Gloria Y. A. Ayee is a lecturer and postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Government at Harvard University. She is also a faculty associate at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Ayee received her PhD in political science from Duke University, where she also earned a Master’s degree in Political Science, a Master’s degree in Liberal Studies, and a graduate certificate in African and African American Studies. Ayee’s expertise is in race and ethnic politics, and behavior and identity politics. In addition to studying U.S. politics, her work explores political and social issues in the global context. Her current research focuses primarily on transitional justice, truth and reconciliation commissions, and human rights. Amy DuVernet is the director of training manager development at Training Industry, where she oversees all processes related to Training Industry’s continuing professional education programs, including their development and evaluation. Prior to joining Training Industry, she worked as a business consultant, designing and evaluating organizational interventions in a variety of industries. She holds a PhD in Industrial/ Organizational Psychology from North Carolina State University and is a Certified Professional in Training Management. ix x Notes on Contributors Kimarie Engerman is Full Professor of Psychology and Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at the University of the Virgin Islands. Anna Hamling has taught Spanish, Russian, and Polish languages, culture, and literature in Europe, Latin America, and Canada. Her PhD thesis “Introducción a un estudio comparativo entre Miguel de Unamuno y León Tolstói” was published by Editorial Pliegos in Madrid in 2001; the English translation “Tolstoy, Unamuno and Their Religious Essays. An Introduction” was published by VDM Verlag in 2010. Her articles of comparative nature on Unamuno and Tolstoy have appeared in Spanish, Russian, and Polish journals. Recently, she has been contributing to the Encyclopedia of Latin American Women Writers, The Encyclopedia of Christian Writers and The Literary Encyclopedia. Gregory Hammond is a graduate of Williams College (1997) and the University of Texas at Austin (2004). Since receiving his PhD, he has worked at the University of Vermont, Oberlin College, Arizona State University, and Colgate University before settling on his position at Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, TN, where he is an associate professor. His dissertation was the basis for his book, The Women’s Suffrage Movement and Feminism in Argentina from Roca to Perón (2011), and his work focuses on Peruvian feminism. Dmitry Kurochkin is a lecturer and researcher at Harvard University. He graduated magna cum laude from Lomonosov Moscow State University and earned his doctorate from Tulane University. Kurochkin is an interdisciplinary scholar and holds master’s degrees in a variety of fields, including mathematics and economic analysis and policy. He is the co-editor of Emancipation Women’s Writing at the Fin de Siècle (2018). Einat Lachover is an Israeli media researcher in the field of feminist media studies. She earned her doctorate from Tel-Aviv University and is a senior lecturer in the Communication Department at Sapir Academic College. Her research interests include gender representations in the