Global Perspectives on Women in Combat Sports: Women Warriors around the World PDF
Preview Global Perspectives on Women in Combat Sports: Women Warriors around the World
GlobalCultureandSportSeries Series edited by Stephen Wagg, Professor, Leeds Beckett University, UK, and David Andrews,ProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudies,UniversityofMarylandSchool ofPublicHealth,USA Titlesinclude: AlexChannonandChristopherR.Matthews(editors) GLOBALPERSPECTIVESONWOMENINCOMBATSPORTS WomenWarriorsaroundtheWorld StephenWagg THELONDONOLYMPICSOF2012 Politics,PromisesandLegacies TendaiChariandNhamoA.Mhiripiri(editors) AFRICANFOOTBALL,IDENTITYPOLITICSANDGLOBALMEDIANARRATIVES TheLegacyoftheFIFA2010WorldCup JesperAndreassonandThomasJohansson THEGLOBALGYM Gender,HealthandPedagogies ChukaOnwumechiliandGerardAkindes(editors) IDENTITYANDNATIONINAFRICANFOOTBALL Fans,CommunityandClubs NicoSchulenkorfandDarylAdair(editors) GLOBALSPORT-FOR-DEVELOPMENT CriticalPerspectives AlejandroQuiroga FOOTBALLANDNATIONALINDENTITIESINSPAIN JohnKaramichas THEOLYMPICGAMESANDTHEENVIRONMENT AaaronBeacom INTERNATIONALDIPLOMACYANDTHEOLMYPICMOVEMENT TheNewMediators DikaiaChatziefstathiouandIanP.Henry DISCOURSESOFOLYMPISM FromtheSorbonne1894toLondon2012 MikeDennisandJonathanGrix SPORTUNDERCOMMUNISM BehindtheEastGerman‘Miracle’ MahfoudAmara SPORT,POLITICSANDSOCIETYINTHEARABWORLD GraemeHayesandJohnKaramichas(editors) OLYMPICGAMES,MEGA-EVENTSANDCIVILSOCIETIES PeterMillward THEGLOBALFOOTBALLLEAGUE HollyThorpe SNOWBOARDINGBODIESINTHEORYANDPRACTICE JonathanLongandKarlSpacklen(editors) SPORTANDCHALLENGESTORACISM JohnHarris RUGBYUNIONANDGLOBALIZATION AnOdd-ShapedWorld PirkkoMarkula(editor) OLYMPICWOMENANDTHEMEDIA InternationalPerspectives RogerLevermoreandAaronBeacom(editors) SPORTANDINTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT GlobalCultureandSportSeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–57818–0(Hardback) (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastanding order.Pleasecontactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddress belowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNsquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS,England Global Perspectives on Women in Combat Sports Women Warriors around the World Editedby Alex Channon UniversityofGreenwich,UK Christopher R. Matthews UniversityofBrighton,UK Selection,introductionandeditorialcontent©AlexChannon andChristopherR.Matthews2015 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-56203-9 ISBN 978-1-137-43936-9 (eBook) DOI10.1057/9781137439369 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Globalperspectivesonwomenincombatsports:womenwarriors aroundtheworld/editedbyAlexChannon,UniversityofGreenwich, UK,ChristopherR.Matthews,UniversityofBrighton,UK. pages cm.—(Globalcultureandsportseries) 1. Womenmartialartists—Cross-culturalstudies. 2. Womenboxers— Cross-culturalstudies. 3. Martialarts—Socialaspects—Cross-cultural studies. 4. Boxing—Socialaspects—Cross-culturalstudies. I. Channon,Alex,1984– II. Matthews,ChristopherR.,1980– GV1101.G562015 796.8—dc23 2015014628 Contents ListofFiguresandTables vii Acknowledgements viii NotesonContributors ix 1 ApproachingtheGenderedPhenomenonof‘WomenWarriors’ 1 AlexChannonandChristopherR.Matthews Part I DiscursiveConstructionsandMediated RepresentationsofWomeninCombatSports 2 MoralGuardians,MiniskirtsandNicolaAdams:TheChanging MediaDiscourseonWomen’sBoxing 25 AmyGodoy-Pressland 3 TheBoxersofKabul:Women,BoxingandIslam 41 HillaryKipnisandJayneCaudwell 4 ‘ChicksFightinginaCage’:APhilosophicalCritiqueof GenderConstructionsintheUltimateFightingChampionship 57 CharleneWeaving 5 ‘BeautyandStrength’:DefiningtheFemaleBodyinThe UltimateFighterSeason20PromotionalCampaign 73 L.A.Jennings Part II InstitutionalStructuresandActorsinWomen’s CombatSports 6 GenderInequalityinOlympicBoxing:ExploringStructuration throughOnlineResistanceagainstWeightCategory Restrictions 89 GeorgeJenningsandBeatrizCabreraVelázquez 7 TheFightoutsidetheRing:FemaleBoxingOfficialsinTrinidad andTobago 104 RoyMcCree 8 MexicanFemaleWarrior:TheCaseofMariselaUgalde,the FounderofXilam 119 GeorgeJennings v vi Contents 9 WomenFightersasAgentsofChange:ABrazilianJiuJitsu CaseStudyfromFinland 135 AnnaKavoura,Stiliani‘Ani’Chroni,MarjaKokkonenandTatiana V.Ryba Part III RecreationalPracticeandSelf-Defence 10 BeautifullyViolent:TheGenderDynamicofScottishKarate 155 ChloeMaclean 11 MediatingFactorsinMartialArtsPractice:ASpecificCase onYoungGirls 172 JikkemienVertonghen,HebeSchaillée,MarcTheeboomandPaulDe Knop 12 OutlawEmotions:Gender,EmotionandTransformationin Women’sSelf-DefenceTraining 187 JocelynA.Hollander 13 ResistingtheHegemonicGenderOrder?TheAccountsof FemaleBoxersinSouthKorea 204 YunJungKim,SunYongKwonandJungWooLee Part IV CompetitiveandPerformative‘Women Warriors’ 14 ReinventingtheBody-Self:Intense,GenderedandHeightened SensorialExperiencesofWomen’sBoxingEmbodiment 221 HelenOwton 15 ‘I’mNottheTypeofPersonWhoDoesYoga’:Women,‘Hard’ MartialArtsandtheQuestforExcitingSignificance 237 MarkMierzwinskiandCatherinePhipps 16 AmbivalentLives,FightingBodies:WomenandCombatSports inBrazil 253 JorgeKnijnikandMarcoAntôniodeCarvalhoFerretti 17 UnBoliviableBouts:GenderandEssentialisationofBolivia’s CholitasLuchadoras 267 NellHaynes References 284 Index 318 Figures and Tables Figures 11.1 Levelofaggressivenessaccordingtothetypeofmartialarts andthelevelofexperience 180 17.1 TwooftheCholitasLuchadoraswrestleinElAlto 268 17.2 AdvertisementdistributedbyAndeanSecretsforTitanesdel RingwrestlingeventsheldeverySunday.Theseflyersare targetedtowardsforeigntouristsandcanbefoundatmany backpackers’hostelsandrestaurant/barscateringtotourists inLaPaz 281 Tables 11.1 Meansandstandarddeviationsofphysicalaggressionand goalorientationsbymartialartsandexperience 180 11.2 Percentagesofthetypeofhousetheparticipatinggirlsare livingin 181 11.3 Percentagesoftheyounggirlsindicatingthemostimportant reasonwhytheypractiseamartialartorcombatsport 182 11.4 Percentagesoftheyounggirlsindicatingperceivedeffects 183 vii Acknowledgements Firstly, we both would like to extend our thanks to each of the 27 other authors who have contributed to this volume, who have all borne with us admirably to meet multiple deadlines and accommodate review feed- backwhileproducingthisbook’schapters.Withoutyourstellarefforts,this project would not have been possible. Secondly, our thanks go to the edi- torial team at Palgrave Macmillan, for showing faith in this project and for providing close support and timely guidance, ensuring we stayed on task throughout the course of the book’s production. We also thank Rew MitchellofAwakeningFighters.comforallowingustousehisexcellentpho- tograph for the front cover, as well as the Muay Thai fighters Lucy Payne and Tiffany Van Soest (along with Tiffany’s manager Eric Triliegi), referee Tony Weeks and Scott Kent of Lion Fight Promotions, for their assistance with approving the use of the photograph. Finally, our joint thanks also gotothewomenwhosestoriesthisbooktells,includingthosewhopartici- patedintheresearchunderpinningthosestoriesandthemanyotherswhose experiencestheymayalsorepresent.Asfansandfollowersofseveralcombat sports,wethankthoseathleteswhohavededicatedthemselvestotheircraft, surmountingvariousformsofresistancetoentertainandinspireaudiences aroundtheworldwiththeirskillandtenacity. In addition, Alex thanks his colleagues at the University of Greenwich fortheirongoingsupportandencouragementinboththisandotherschol- arlyefforts.CreditparticularlygoestoColinReeves,whosesageadviceand practical assistance have been of great help over the past few years. He alsothankshisfriendsandcollaborators,particularlyChristopherMatthews and George Jennings, for their insightful criticisms while working on this and other projects. Finally, Alex thanks his wife, Anastasiya Khomutova, for her love and support throughout the course of this book’s production and beyond. Her patience and encouragement have made the hard work possible,andherlovingcompanionshiphasmadeitallworthwhile. Christopher would like to thank his colleagues at the University of Brighton who have offered advice and encouragement, in particular, Megan Chawansky, Thomas F. Carter, Sid Hayes, Daniel Burdsey and Jayne Caudwell.HealsothanksAlexChannonforbeingavaluedfriendandaca- demiccollaborator.Finally,Christopherextendshiswarmestgratitudetohis familyandpartnerJennieBennett,whohavebeeninstrumentalinthisand othersuchprojectsandideasbecomingareality. viii Contributors BeatrizCabreraVelázquezholdsaDiplomainSportsTraining,certifiedby CONADE,thesportsassociationofMexico.Shehasbeenanamateurboxing practitionersince2009,andfrom2011shehasbeensharingherknowledge as a coach at various private boxing clubs in Mexico City. In addition to studying Sport Science at the Universidad YMCA, Mexico, she is currently collaboratingwiththeInstitutoBiomecánicodeMéxicoS.C.(Biomecanical Institute of Mexico) in a research project aiming to identify the biome- chanical components in the practice of boxing and, through this, offer a proposal to enhance the performance and technique of this combat sport. This accompanies her interest in social science and qualitative research, includingthefeministstudyofboxingandrelatedphysicalcultures. JayneCaudwellisReaderinSport,GenderandSexualitiesattheUniversity of Brighton, UK. She takes a critical feminist approach to methodologies, theory and practice. Her publications span three decades and include work on women’s football, women’s boxing and LGBT experiences of sport. She iseditorofSport,SexualitiesandQueer/Theory(2006);Women’sFootballinthe UK:ContinuingwithGenderAnalyses(2012);andSexualities,SpacesandLeisure Studies(2012). Alex Channon is Lecturer in Physical Education and Sport at the Univer- sity of Greenwich, UK. His doctoral research explored the personally and sociallytransformativepracticesofsex-integratedtrainingandcompetition in a range of different combat sports disciplines and has been published across a range of international, peer-reviewed journals. As a martial artist, hehastrainedfortwoyearsinfreestylekickboxingandfiveyearsinshaolin kung fu, in which he holds a first-degree black belt and has experience of instructingmixedgroups.Beyondmixedparticipationincombatsports,his research interests include broader analyses of martial arts training cultures andrepresentationsofgenderandsexualityinsportsmedia. Stiliani ‘Ani’ Chroni is Professor of Sport Psychology at Hedmark Uni- versity College in Norway. She has international experience in academia, in consulting and in action-based sport organisations, serving currently as thepresidentforWomenSportInternational.Herresearchlinesincludepsy- chologicalhealthandperformanceenhancement.Thefirstlineinvestigates psychologicalsafety,healthandwell-beingofsportparticipantswithaspe- cialfocusonfemaleathletes’sexualharassmentexperiences;thesecondline exploresday-to-dayelementsthatcanenhancethepersistence,performance ix
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