Global Mental Health and Neuroethics PDF
Preview Global Mental Health and Neuroethics
Global Mental Health and Neuroethics Global Mental Health and Neuroethics Edited by Dan J. Stein Ilina Singh Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1650, San Diego, CA 92101, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/ permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-815063-4 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/ Publisher: Nikki Levy Acquisition Editor: Nikki Levy Editorial Project Manager: Megan Ashdown Production Project Manager: Anitha Sivaraj Cover Designer: Mark Rogers Typeset by SPi Global, India Contributors Ronald Anguzu Public and Community Health Program, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Anthony Barnett School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Gillian Bartlett Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada Adrian Carter School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC; University of Queensland Centre of Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Veljko Dubljević Science Technology and Society Program, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States Jantina de Vries Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa K.W.M. Bill Fulford Collaborating Centre for Values-based Practice, St Catherine’s College, and Member of the Philosophy Faculty, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Wayne Hall Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom Karen Herrera-Ferrá Asociación Mexicana de Neuroética, Atizapán, Mexico Xanthe Hunt Institute for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Judy Illes Neuroethics Canada, Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada xii Contributors Fabrice Jotterand Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Cristina Longo Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada Alicja Malinowska Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom Doug McConnell Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Andrea C. Palk Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Vasiliki Rahimzadeh Postdoctoral Fellow, Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States Barbara J. Sahakian Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom Julian Savulescu Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom George Savulich Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom Ayla Selamoglu Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom Abdul R. Shour Public and Community Health Program, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Ilina Singh Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Philosophy Department and Kenan Institute for Ethics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Sarah Skeen Institute for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Contributors xiii Joshua August Skorburg Philosophy Department and Kenan Institute for Ethics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Werdie van Staden Philosophy Department and Kenan Institute for Ethics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Dan J. Stein Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Mark Tomlinson Institute for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom Kevin Chien-Chang Wu Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Foreword Serendipitous discoveries in psychopharmacology have been important in advancing psychiatric science, but have had only partial success in reducing the burden of disease associated with mental disorders. Current advances in neuroscience and neurogenetics hold great promise for improving our understanding of these conditions and for ad- vancing treatment outcomes. However, with this promise comes important conceptual and practical issues, which this volumes addresses. A first question concerns how we ensure that the benefits of clinical neuroscience have global impact? Global mental health has appropriately focused on addressing the treatment gap across the world; advances in implementation science will be key in ensuring this important goal is attained. There is also a need for diverse populations from around the world to be included in clinical neuroscience research, in order to ensure that the benefits of discovery science in fields such as neurogenetics reach all communities. Priority settings exercises in mental health have correctly emphasized the importance of both discovery and implementation science across the globe. These are big, hard issues, but it is essential that they be raised. We also have to ask how we ensure that as clinical neuroscience is used for assess- ment and treatment in a range of different settings it is done so ethically. More specifi- cally, how can the growing field of neuroethics shed light on global mental health, and its approach to clinical research? Global mental health has been informed primarily by a communitarian ethics of justice: there is a need to ensure that mental health services are accessible to all. In contrast, neuroethics has been informed primarily by individ- ualistic ethical concerns, including the importance of autonomy and privacy. These perspectives seem complementary, and both need to be addressed. Stein and Singh’s volume tackles these key issues at this intersection of global mental health and neuroethics. Contributors from a range of different disciplines and geographic regions address three important sets of questions. First, they discuss con- ceptual questions about the nature of mental disorder, and of psychiatric research and practice. Contemporary developments in global mental health and neuroethics provide a fresh perspective on perennial questions at the heart of the philosophy of psychia- try. Second, the contributors address the ethics of new neurotechnologies in a global context, providing interesting new arguments and insights. Finally, they address ques- tions relevant to specific illnesses and populations, building on intersections between global mental health and neuroethics to provide new resources to address a variety of problems. xvi Foreword Global mental health and neuroethics are two novel and valuable approaches that can significantly advance our approaches to mental disorders and mental health. This volume is the first to bring these key disciplines into dialog; by doing so it provides novel insights into a range of conceptual and practical questions that will be key to the future of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. Harold Kincaid Introduction 1 Dan J. Steina, Ilina Singhb aDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, bDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Global mental health and neuroethics are two relatively new and highly influential transdisciplinary fields that are based on a solid foundation of prior work, and that have built on this foundation in novel and creative ways. Global mental health has built on earlier work in psychiatric epidemiology, cross-cultural psychiatry, and human rights, in order to emphasize the importance of addressing mental illness and well- being throughout the world. In short shrift, it has become a key approach to rethinking mental health. Neuroethics has built on moral philosophy, philosophy of science, and bioethics, developing key intersections between neuroscience and ethics, including both the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics. Again, although a new discipline, by focusing on these intersections, neuroethics has asked a range of import- ant questions, and provided resources for addressing them. This volume aims to develop a dialog between global mental health and neuro- ethics. Any such dialog must again draw on a range of earlier work that has been undertaken at the intersection of psychiatry, neuroscience, and ethics. Philosophy of psychiatry and psychology, psychiatric ethics, and philosophy of neuroscience have all made significant contributions to our understanding of the nature of mental disor- der, our concepts of brain and mind, and our appreciation of the values entailed by psychiatric research and practice. With the advent of new ways of conceptualizing and approaching mental health and well-being around the world, and with advances in thinking through the relationships between neuroscience and ethics, it is now timely to bring global mental health and neuroethics into closer juxtaposition. Global mental health and neuroethics are both exciting and productive transdisci- plinary areas of investigation, that are asking and answering a range of overlapping questions. A dialog between them therefore has the potential to make substantial con- tributions to a number of long-standing debates as well as more recently emerging controversies about the nature of mental disorders and the mechanisms that underlie these conditions, and about the ethics of mental health research and intervention, par- ticularly when considered in a global context. In this volume, three different sets of questions are addressed by a number of leading clinicians, public health practitioners and philosophers, who work in a range of different contexts around the world, and who bring a spectrum of disciplinary backgrounds to bear on the relevant debates and controversies. A first set of questions are conceptual in nature. Psychiatry has long witnessed a debate between those who regard the field as a scientific endeavor that is making steady progress toward understanding and treating mental disorders, and those who Global Mental Health and Neuroethics. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815063-4.00001-0 © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The list of books you might like
