Global Health Security: Recognizing Vulnerabilities, Creating Opportunities PDF
Preview Global Health Security: Recognizing Vulnerabilities, Creating Opportunities
Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications Anthony J. Masys Ricardo Izurieta Miguel Reina Ortiz Editors Global Health Security Recognizing Vulnerabilities, Creating Opportunities Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications SeriesEditor Anthony J. Masys, Associate Professor, Director of Global Disaster Management, Humanitarian Assistance and Homeland Security, University of South Florida, Tampa,USA AdvisoryEditors GiselaBichler,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino,CA,USA ThirimachosBourlai,WestVirginiaUniversity,StatlerCollegeofEngineeringand MineralResources,Morgantown,WV,USA ChrisJohnson,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UK PanagiotisKarampelas,HellenicAirForceAcademy,Attica,Greece ChristianLeuprecht,RoyalMilitaryCollegeofCanada,Kingston,ON,Canada EdwardC.Morse,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA DavidSkillicorn,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,Canada YoshikiYamagata,NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies,Tsukuba,Ibaraki, Japan TheseriesAdvancedSciencesandTechnologiesforSecurityApplicationscomprises interdisciplinaryresearchcoveringthetheory,foundationsanddomain-specifictopics pertaining to security. Publications within the series are peer-reviewed monographs andeditedworksintheareasof: – biological and chemical threat recognition and detection (e.g., biosensors, aero- sols,forensics) – crisisanddisastermanagement – terrorism – cyber security and secure information systems (e.g., encryption, optical and photonicsystems) – traditionalandnon-traditionalsecurity – energy,foodandresourcesecurity – economicsecurityandsecuritization(includingassociatedinfrastructures) – transnationalcrime – humansecurityandhealthsecurity – social,politicalandpsychologicalaspectsofsecurity – recognition and identification (e.g., optical imaging, biometrics, authentication andverification) – smartsurveillancesystems – applicationsoftheoreticalframeworksandmethodologies(e.g.,groundedtheory, complexity,networksciences,modellingandsimulation) Together, the high-quality contributions to this series provide a cross-disciplinary overviewofforefrontresearchendeavoursaimingtomaketheworldasaferplace. The editors encourage prospective authors to correspond with them in advance of submittingamanuscript.SubmissionofmanuscriptsshouldbemadetotheEditor- in-ChieforoneoftheEditors. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/5540 (cid:129) Anthony J. Masys Ricardo Izurieta Miguel Reina Ortiz Editors Global Health Security Recognizing Vulnerabilities, Creating Opportunities Editors AnthonyJ.Masys RicardoIzurieta CollegeofPublicHealth CollegeofPublicHealth UniversityofSouthFlorida UniversityofSouthFlorida Tampa,FL,USA Tampa,FL,USA MiguelReinaOrtiz CollegeofPublicHealth UniversityofSouthFlorida Tampa,FL,USA ISSN1613-5113 ISSN2363-9466 (electronic) AdvancedSciencesandTechnologiesforSecurityApplications ISBN978-3-030-23490-4 ISBN978-3-030-23491-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23491-1 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword Oursmallplanetiseffectivelygrowingsmallereveryday.Inthenineteenthcentury, it was possible to believe that geographic distances could protect a country from disruptions, natural disasters, and plagues raging far away on the other side of the world.Butthisisnolongerthecase.Thankstoourinternationalairtravelnetwork,it isnowpossibletogetfromanycityontheplanettoanyothercityontheplanetin less than one day. And the number of people traveling internationally by air has grownbyover5%ayearforthepast10years.Parallelingthisgrowthinairtravelis agrowthinshipping.Fewofthegoodswenowconsumeareproducedlocally.Most comefromacrosstheworld.Theincreaseinthemovementofbothpeopleandgoods meansthatwearenolongershelteredfromeventsthathappenontheothersideof theworld.Theworldhasturnedintoavillage. And we are seeing more disasters and threats to the security in our planetary village. Political instability and environmental changes caused by global warming aredisplacingmoreandmorepeople.In2017,itwasestimatedthatover65million peoplewererefugees.Displacedpeopleoftenareforcedtoliveincrowded,lessthan idealconditionswhichcanbreeddisease,foodinsufficiency,andradicalism.Envi- ronmental degradation and the incursion of people into previously wild habitats spurs the development of zoonoses which can become devastating epidemics and pandemics. Climate change can result in slow moving (e.g., the inundation of the Pacificatollislandnations)andrapid(e.g.,hurricanes)weather-relateddisastersthat leavepeoplehomelessandtraumatized.Anymanyofthesefactorscanoftenafflicta populationatthesametime,leadingtocomplexhumanitariandisastersthatarevery difficult to address. A good example of this is the Ebola epidemic in North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018. Despite deploying an effective vaccine, the international community has struggled to contain this epi- demic,asaresultofpoliticalunrest,populationmovement,anddistrustofoutsiders bythelocalpopulation. The authors of this volume highlight many of the challenges that confront our globalsecurityenvironmenttoday.Theserangefrompoliticallyinduceddisastersto foodinsecurity,tozoonoses,andtoterrorism.Moreoptimistically,theauthorsalso v vi Foreword presentsomeadvancesintechnologythatcanhelpuscombatthesethreats.Under- standingthechallengesthatconfrontusandthetoolswehavetoovercomethemwill allowustofaceourfuturewithconfidence. Professor,GlobalandPlanetaryHealth, ThomasUnnasch CollegeofPublicHealth,Universityof SouthFlorida,Tampa,FL,USA Contents PartI EmergingThreats Plagues,EpidemicsandPandemics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 RicardoIzurieta AgriculturalEmergencies:FactorsandImpactsintheSpread ofTransboundaryDiseasesin,andAdjacentto,Agriculture. . . . . . . . . 13 AshleyHydrick TheThreatWithin:MitigatingtheRiskofMedicalError. . . . . . . . . . . 33 SimonBennett ClimateChange,ExtremeWeatherEventsandGlobalHealth SecurityaLensintoVulnerabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 CarsonBellandAnthonyJ.Masys GlobalHealthBiosecurityinaVulnerableWorld–AnEvaluation ofEmergingThreatsandCurrentDisasterPreparednessStrategies fortheFuture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 KristiMiley TheEmergingThreatofEbola. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 MichelleLaBrundaandNaushadAmin PartII Mitigation,PreparednessandResponseandRecovery NaturalandManmadeDisasters:VulnerablePopulations. . . . . . . . . . . 143 JenniferMarshall,JacquelineWiltshire,JenniferDelva,TemitopeBello, andAnthonyJ.Masys GlobalSexualViolence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 SaraSpowart vii viii Contents GlobalHealthSecurityandWeaponsofMassDestructionChapter. . . . 187 ChrisReynolds AntimicrobialResistanceinOneHealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Marie-joMedina,HelenaLegido-Quigley,andLiYangHsu FoodSecurity:MicrobiologicalandChemicalRisks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 JoergenSchlundt,MoonY.F.Tay,HuChengcheng,andChenLiwei PartIII ExploringtheTechnologyLandscapeforSolutions GaussianizationofVariationalBayesianApproximationswith CorrelatedNon-nestedNon-negligiblePosteriorMeanRandom EffectsEmployingNon-negativityConstraintAnalogsandAnalytical DepossinizationforIterativelyFittingCapturePoint,Aedesaegypti HabitatNon-zeroAutocorrelatedPrognosticators:ACaseStudy inEvidentialProbabilitiesforNon-frequentisticForecast Epi-entomologicalTimeSeriesModelingofArboviralInfections. . . . . . 277 AngelicaHuertas,NathanaelStanley,SamuelAlao,ToniPanaou, BenjaminG.Jacob,andThomasUnnasch SimulationandModelingApplicationsinGlobalHealthSecurity. . . . .. 307 ArthurJ.French TheGrowingRoleofSocialMediainInternationalHealthSecurity: TheGood,theBad,andtheUgly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 StanislawP.Stawicki,MichaelS.Firstenberg,andThomasJ.Papadimos PartIV LeadershipandPartnerships EffectingCollectiveImpactThroughCollectiveLeadership onaFoundationofGenerativeRelationships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 MarissaJ.Levine GlobalHealthSecurityInnovation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 JamesStikeleatherandAnthonyJ.Masys Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Part I Emerging Threats
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