Global Health Diplomacy: Concepts, Issues, Actors, Instruments, Fora and Cases

382 Pages·2013·2.42 MB·English

by  Ilona Kickbusch, Graham Lister, Michaela Told, Nick Drager (eds.)

Global Health Diplomacy

Ilona Kickbusch Graham Lister Michaela Told
● ●
Nick Drager
Editors
Global Health Diplomacy
Concepts, Issues, Actors, Instruments,
Fora and Cases
Editors
Ilona Kickbusch Graham Lister
Global Health Programme London South Bank University
Graduate Institute of International London, UK
and Development Studies
Global Health Programme
Geneva, Switzerland
Graduate Institute of International
and Development Studies
Michaela Told
Geneva, Switzerland
Global Health Programme
Graduate Institute of International
Nick Drager
and Development Studies
Global Health Programme
Geneva, Switzerland
Graduate Institute of International
and Development Studies
Geneva, Switzerland
ISBN 978-1-4614-5400-7 ISBN 978-1-4614-5401-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5401-4
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012952588
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Preface
In this textbook we focus on global health diplomacy as a means whereby issues
affecting health that cannot be resolved by one country or agency working alone are
addressed together. It demands the creative engagement of many different bodies
including governments, international agencies, civil society and the private sector.
It needs to be concerned with the biological, economic, environmental and social
determinants of health that affect us all as global citizens, whether in high- or low-
income countries. Global health diplomacy that addresses transborder issues has
been practiced for some 160 years, but as globalisation has gathered pace in the last
decades, the practice of diplomacy in this sphere has gained new relevance. There
is now increasing interest in health as a component of the foreign policies of nations
and it has become a key topic at UN and meetings of other organizations.
Global health diplomacy has also become a more complex undertaking as many
different agencies are now realising their contribution to and responsibility for
health. This complexity demands new skills from diplomats and health of fi cials.
This textbook is a response to these new needs; it attempts to share the knowledge
and experience of practicing of fi cials and academics working in this evolving fi eld
to develop the art and science of global health diplomacy.
Context
This textbook is one component among others developed by the Global Health
Programme at the Graduate Institute of International Health and Development
Studies, Geneva devoted to capacity building in this domain. It complements the
other components: a training manual, online course and training of trainer’s work-
shops and serves as a guidebook for in-depth learning on key issues in this fi eld. In
addition the Global Health Programme has been publishing a range of case studies
on the practice of health diplomacy in different venues and settings. The Global
Health Programme has been pioneering executive education in global health diplo-
macy since its fi rst international course in Geneva in 2007. Since then it has held the
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vi Preface
Geneva fl agship course on an annual basis and has conducted training in partnership
with a range of countries and institutions in the Brazil, Canada, China, Indonesia,
Kenya, and USA as well as in conjunction with WHO HQ and regional of fi ces. The
Global Health Programme is also part of the global health diplomacy network
(GHD.net), which collaborates and disseminates knowledge in this new fi eld.
Global health diplomacy brings together the disciplines of public health, interna-
tional affairs, management, law and economics and focuses on negotiations that
shape and manage the global policy environment for health in health and non-health
venues. It relates in particular to health issues that cross national boundaries, are
global in nature and require global agreements to address them.
The aim of this textbook is to support capacity building in this new fi eld. It is
directed in particular at representatives of ministries of health, foreign affairs, staff
of international organisations and non-state actors who engage in trans-border
health negotiations. It aims to increase their understanding of the dynamics of global
health diplomacy and improve their negotiation skills. It provides the broad group
of “new health diplomats” with insight into the institutions and instruments, the
mechanisms of policy coherence and the negotiation processes. It attempts to bal-
ance conceptual and practical approaches and build a bridge between public health
experts and diplomats as well as the many other actors in global health diplomacy.
It is also directed at schools of public health and international relations which are
beginning to give more attention to this developing area.
Geneva, Switzerland Ilona Kickbusch
London, UK Graham Lister
Geneva, Switzerland Michaela Told
Geneva, Switzerland Nick Drager
Authors’ Biography
Santiago Alcázar is the fi rst and current Brazilian Ambassador to Burkina Faso. He
joined the Brazilian Ministry of External Relations in 1982. He has had a distin-
guished career, with previous postings to Belgrade, Washington and Asunción. In
Washington he was posted to the Brazilian Mission to the OAS. From 1989 till
1994, Santiago Alcázar was the Deputy at the Division of American States, Ministry
of External Relations and in the period 2001–2002 he held the position as Head of
Division of Social Themes, also at the Ministry of External Relations. In 2003 he
became the special adviser to the Minister of Health in Brazil. He left this position
when he became the fi rst Brazilian Ambassador to Burkina Faso in 2008.
Sima Barmania is a medical doctor with an intercalated degree in community
health science and a masters in public health from The London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine and has previously consulted for UNFPA in Papua New
Guinea. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate focussing on the public health effects of
religion on HIV, in both Christian and Muslim populations and she writes for the
Independent on global health and peace issues. http://blogs.independent.co.uk/
author/dr-sima-barmania/.
Nick Banatvala is currently senior adviser to the Assistant Director General, Non-
Communicable Diseases and Mental Health at the World Health Organization in
Geneva. Prior to this, Nick Banatvala was head of Global Affairs at the Department
of Health in England and before this he headed up the UK Department for
International Development’s work on global health partnerships and initiatives and
scaling up health services. Prior to this, he worked for DFID on a range of health
programmes in Pakistan, Afghanistan and the Middle East. He also has sat on a
range of government, non-government and academic boards, as well as national and
international committees and boards. Nick has a chair in Global Health at Manchester
University and a Senior Lectureship at Imperial College, London.
Chantal Blouin is currently working at the Institut national de santé publique du
Québec, Canada. Prior to this, she had been associate director of the Centre for
vii
viii Authors’ Biography
Trade Policy and Law, and co-director of the Health and Foreign Policy Initiative at
the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University. Dr.
Blouin was also the editor of the Health Diplomacy Monitor , a publication under-
taken in partnership with members of the Global Health Diplomacy Network (www.
ghd-net.org). Before joining CTPL in 2007, Chantal was senior researcher, Trade
and Development at The North–South Institute in Ottawa. She has also held a con-
gressional fellowship from the American Political Science Association (APSA) and
the Norman Robertson Research Fellowship at the Department of Foreign Affairs
and International Trade (DFAIT) in 1998–1999. She completed her Ph.D. in politi-
cal science at the University of Toronto and holds an M.A. and B.A. in political
science from Université Laval.
Paulo Marchiori Buss , MD, MPH is a professor at the National School of Public
Health at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) since 1977. Currently he is
director of FIOCRUZ Center for Global Health. In 2001, he was appointed as presi-
dent of FIOCRUZ (2001–2008). Dr. Buss was elected twice as director of the
FIOCRUZ National School of Public Health (1989–1992 and 1998–2000). He was
president of the Latin American and Caribbean Association of Public Health
Education (1998–2000) and of the World Federation of Public Health Associations
(WFPHA) (2008–2010). He was the fi rst executive secretary of the Brazilian
Association of Collective Health (ABRASCO) (1979–1983), which he founded in
1979. From March 2006 to March 2008 he served as chair of the Brazilian
Commission on Social Determinants of Health. He is member of National Academy
of Medicine and has represented Brazil at the Executive Board of WHO (2004–
2007; 2008–2011).
Sudeep Chand is currently research fellow at the Centre on Global Health Security
at Chatham House in London. Prior to this, Sudeep was Global Health Adviser at
the Department of Health in England. He has worked as a public health adviser at
the World Health Organization in Geneva and consultant to DFID and Save the
Children on health system reconstruction in Nigeria. His published research covers
a range of issues in health system strengthening and international relations, most
recently the economic role of non-communicable diseases. He is a medical doctor,
having graduated from Imperial College, London, with an intercalated degree in
management from the Tanaka Business School. Sudeep was trained in psychiatry
and later public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Andrew F. Cooper is professor, Department of Political Science, University of
Waterloo and distinguished fellow, The Centre for International Governance
Innovation. He received his doctorate from Oxford University. In 2009 he was the
Canada–US Fulbright Research Chair, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of
Southern California. His single-authored books include I nternet Gambling Offshore:
Caribbean Struggles over Casino Capitalism (Palgrave, 2011) and C elebrity
Diplomacy (Paradigm Publishing, 2007). His books include as co-editor, R ising
States, Rising Institutions: Challenges for Global Governance (Brookings, 2010);
Which Way Latin America: Hemispheric Politics Meets Globalization (United
Authors’ Biography ix
Nations University Press, 2009); T he Diplomacies of Small States: Between
Vulnerability and Resilience (Palgrave, 2009) and I nnovation in Global Health
Governance (Ashgate, 2009)
Nick Drager , former director of the Department of Ethics, Equity, Trade and Human
Rights at the World Health Organization, is honorary professor, Global Health
Policy at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and professor of
Practice of Public Policy and Global Health Diplomacy at McGill University. His
work focuses on current and emerging public health issues related to globalisation
and health, especially global health diplomacy/governance, foreign policy and
international trade and health. He is also senior fellow at the Global Health
Programme at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,
Geneva. He serves as chair, keynote speaker at numerous international conferences;
he lectures at universities in Europe, North America and Asia; and is the author of
numerous papers, editorials and books in the area of global health and development.
He has an M.D. from McGill University and a Ph.D. in economics from Hautes
Etudes Internationales, University of Geneva.
Thea Emmerling is a minister counsellor for Health and Food Safety at the
Delegation of the European Union to the International Organisations in Geneva
since 2009. She has been working on health issues since 1997, when the European
Commission set up its Directorate General on Health and Food Safety and concen-
trated on international health questions, on relations to WHO, on tobacco control
and health communication. She also worked in the Private Of fi ce of the European
Budget Commissioner between 1999 and 2004. Ms Emmerling studied economics
and was a political and economic journalist for the German Press Agency for 9
years prior to joining the European Commission in 1996.
Miriam Faid is Ph.D. candidate (political science) at the Graduate Institute of
International and Development Studies, Geneva. She holds an M.A. in political sci-
ence from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
and a B.A. in political science from the University of Bremen/Germany. Her Ph.D.
project is on the nexus of global health and foreign policy in South–South health
cooperation, with a focus on Brazil’s projects in lusophone Africa. Currently she is
working as a researcher for the international research initiative “Foreign Policy as
Part of Global Health Challenges” which has been established in January 2011 as a
collaboration between research institutions in Norway, South Africa, Indonesia, the
USA and Brazil. Miriam has published on the WHO Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control, the WHO reform process and other issues related to global health
and foreign policy.
Sara Gibbs is a consultant in Public Health at NHS Devon, Exeter, UK. Prior to this
Sara worked in the international division of the UK Department of Health. Before
qualifying in public health Sara was a researcher at the International NGO Training
and Research Centre (INTRAC) where she monitored and wrote on changes in
NGO policy and practice. She has worked with a range of other NGOs and multilat-