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GLOBAL FOOD SAFETY Microbial Interventions and Molecular Advancements GLOBAL FOOD SAFETY Microbial Interventions and Molecular Advancements Edited by Saher Islam, PhD Devarajan Thangadurai, PhD Jeyabalan Sangeetha, PhD Natália Cruz-Martins, PhD First edition published 2023 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 760 Laurentian Drive, Unit 19, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Burlington, ON L7N 0A4, CANADA Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2023 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Apple Academic Press exclusively co-publishes with CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Global food safety : microbial interventions and molecular advancements / edited by: Saher Islam, PhD, Devarajan Thangadurai, PhD, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, PhD, Natália Cruz-Martins, PhD. Names: Islam, Saher, editor. | Thangadurai, D. (Devarajan), 1976- editor. | Sangeetha, Jeyabalan, editor. | Cruz-Martins, Natália, editor. Description: First edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20220281394 | Canadiana (ebook) 20220281483 | ISBN 9781774910108 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774910115 (softcover) | ISBN 9781003283140 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Food—Microbiology. | LCSH: Pathogenic microorganisms—Detection. | LCSH: Foodborne diseases—Prevention. Classification: LCC QR115 .G56 2023 | DDC 664.001/579—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Islam, Saher, editor. | Thangadurai, Devarajan, 1976- editor. | Sangeetha, Jeyabalan, editor. | Cruz-Martins, Natália, editor. Title: Global food safety : microbial interventions and molecular advancements / edited by Saher Islam, PhD, Devarajan Thangadurai, PhD, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, PhD, Nata¡lia Cruz-Martins, PhD. Description: First edition. | Palm Bay, FL : Apple Academic Press, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Foodborne microbial outbreaks are a serious food safety and public health concern worldwide. One of the most challenging issues in food safety is the identification and characterization of foodborne microbial communities, which is a core objective of research by food scientists and food microbiologists. This book reviews the molecular advances in food science related to the safety and quality of food along with recent diagnostic tools for the detection of emerging pathogens based on the food commodities. It presents a wide selection of methods for the identification and characterization of foodborne infectious agents. The volume provides an overview of foodborne pathogens, diseases, and outbreaks and then proceeds to delve into techniques for characterizing foodborne pathogens using molecular approaches. It reviews state-of-the-art methods for detecting and tracing foodborne pathogens using next- generation sequencing and whole-genome sequencing for controlling foodborne illnesses as well as the application of microorganisms in food production for preventing foodborne illnesses. The volume ends with a chapter that provides an overview of management systems and analytical tools for public health protection from foodborne illnesses. Key features: Reviews the detection of foodborne pathogens using recently developed molecular technologies Provides deep insights into the fundamental and functional aspects of microbial interventions in food science Addresses current challenges for the management of food safety Includes updated studies on microbial safety for processed food items Discusses advanced management systems for foodborne pathogens This book will be an important reference source for food scientists and food safety supervisors from production to processing and from transport to retail. This book will also be vital source for teachers, students, and researchers for exploring recent developments for food safety by employing advanced microbial and molecular methods”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2022031058 (print) | LCCN 2022031059 (ebook) | ISBN 9781774910108 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774910115 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003283140 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Food--Microbiology. | Food--Safety measures. Classification: LCC QR115 .G56 2023 (print) | LCC QR115 (ebook) | DDC 664.001/579--dc23/eng/20220706 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022031058 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022031059 ISBN: 978-1-77491-010-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-011-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00328-314-0 (ebk) About the Editors Saher Islam, PhD Visiting Lecturer, Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan Saher Islam, PhD, is a Visiting Lecturer at the Department of Biotechnology of Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan. She received her PhD in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology from the University of Veteri nary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. She was an IRSIP Scholar at Cornell University, New York, and Visiting Scholar at West Virginia State University, West Virginia, USA. She has keen research interests in genetics, molecular biology, biotechnology, and bioinformatics and has ample hands-on experience in molecular marker analysis, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and RNA sequencing. She has edited five books, including Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality and Beneficial Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Management. She has visited the USA, UK, Singapore, Germany, Italy, and Russia for academic and scientific trainings, courses, and meetings. She is the recipient of the 2016 Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds Travel Grant from European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Germany. Devarajan Thangadurai, PhD Associate Professor, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India Devarajan Thangadurai, PhD, is an Associate Professor at Karnatak Univer sity, Dharwad in India, and did his postdoctoral research at the University of Madeira, Portugal, University of Delhi, India, and ICAR National Research Center for Banana, India. He is the recipient of the Best Young Scientist Award with Gold Medal from Acharya Nagarjuna University, India, and the VGST-SMYSR Young Scientist Award of the Government of Karnataka, India. He has a keen interest and expertise in the fields of biodiversity and biotechnology, genetics, and genomics of food crops and beneficial microbes for crop productivity and food safety towards sustain able agricultural development. He has authored and edited more than 35 About the Editors vi books, including Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (3 Vols.), Genes, Genomes, and Genomics (2 Vols.), Genomics and Proteomics, Biotech nology of Microorganisms, and Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality with international scientific publishers in USA, UK, Canada, Switzerland, and India. He has extensively traveled to many universities and institutes in Africa, Europe, and Asia for academic works, scientific meetings, and international collaborations. He is also a reviewer for several journals, including Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Food Science and Technology International, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal of Food Science, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, and International Journal of Plant Production. Jeyabalan Sangeetha, PhD Assistant Professor, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India Jeyabalan Sangeetha, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Central Univer sity of Kerala, Kasaragod, India. She earned her BSc in Microbiology (2001) and PhD in Environmental Sciences (2010) from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. She holds an MSc in Environmental Sciences (2003) from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Between 2004 and 2008, she was the recipient of the Tamil Nadu Government Scholarship and the Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship of University Grants Commission, Government of India, for doctoral studies. She served as Dr. D. S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellow and UGC Postdoctoral Fellow at Karnatak University, Dharwad, South India, during 2012–2016 with funding from the University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi. She has carried out her doctoral and postdoctoral research in the fields of microbiology and metagenomics, respectively. She has authored a textbook on Molecular Mycology and edited 10 books, including Genomics and Proteomics, Industrial Biotech nology, Biotechnology of Microorganisms, and Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality. She has got trained in next-gener ation sequencing (NGS) and data analysis at Malaysia Genome Institute, Malaysia. About the Editors vii Natália Cruz‑Martins, PhD Invited Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Researcher at the Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences (FPCEUP); and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal Natália Cruz-Martins, PhD, is an invited Professor at the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences and at the Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) at the University of Porto, Portugal. She has academic and research background in dietetics, nutrition, natural product chemistry, biochemistry, drug discovery, phytochemistry, phytopharma cology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. She has been increasingly focused on the use of naturally occurring bioactives for human health, not only from a health promotion and disease prevention point of view, but also from a treatment point of view. She has worked as university professor since 2017, was an advisor of several MSc and PhD theses, and is a member of the evaluation panel of the College of Nutrition ists (Porto, Portugal). She has participated in various research projects, received several grants and awards, published more than 130 articles in peer-reviewed international journals (h-index: 25) and several book chapters, and presented more than 40 communications at national and international conferences. She is a member of the Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM, Norway), reviewer for more than 50 highly reputed international journals, invited reviewer for several book publishers, and editorial board member of several international journals. She also edited several special issues on research topics in highly reputed journals and is currently editing several books for renowned publishers. Contents Contributors ......................................................................................................... xi Abbreviations .......................................................................................................xv Preface ............................................................................................................... xix Part I: Foodborne Pathogens, Diseases, and Outbreaks .................................1 1. Foodborne Pathogens and Their Associated Infections: An Introduction ........................................................................................... 3 Muhsin Jamal, Sayed Muhammad Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, Saadia Andleeb, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Liloma Shah, Sana Raza, and Redaina 2. Foodborne Diseases: Causative Agents and Related Microorganisms........................................................................... 39 Shikha Pandhi, Arvind Kumar, and Sadhna Mishra 3. Role of Foodborne Pathogens and Microorganisms in Food Safety .... 57 Santosh Kumar Shimoga Rajanna, Naveen Kumar Kudure Jayanna, Manoj Manjunath Bongale, and Chandrashekar Srinivasa 4. Foodborne Outbreaks: Sources and Mode of Transmission of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms ................................................. 93 Smitha Chandrashekar Kollarahithlu, Suhasini Sathiyamoorthy, Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, Karolien De Wael, Jayabrata Das, and Pandiyarasan Veluswamy Part II: Characterizing Foodborne Pathogens Using Molecular Approaches ............................................................................ 105 5. Epidemiology of Foodborne Bacterial Diseases and Molecular Techniques to Assure Food Safety ....................................... 107 Ajith Athira, Benssan K. Varghese, and Radhakrishnan Preetha 6. Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens ........................ 135 Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Wadzani Dauda Palnam, Ayodele Eugene Ayeni, Muhammad Akram, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Amna Siddique, Saher Islam, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Ajayi Kolawole Temidayo, Kayode Adebisi Arowora, Devarajan Thangadurai, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, and Daniel Ingo Hefft