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Global Firms and Emerging Markets in an Age of Anxiety PDF

334 Pages·2004·2.5 MB·English
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Global Firms and Emerging Markets in an Age of Anxiety S. Benjamin Prasad Pervez N. Ghauri Editors PRAEGER Global Firms and Emerging Markets in an Age of Anxiety Global Firms and Emerging Markets in an Age of Anxiety Edited by S. Benjamin Prasad and Pervez N. Ghauri LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Globalfirmsandemergingmarketsinanageofanxiety/editedbyS.BenjaminPrasad andPervezN.Ghauri. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN1–56720–421–X(alk.paper) 1.Internationalbusinessenterprises—Management.2.Internationalbusiness enterprises—Cross-culturalstudies.3.Globalization.I.Prasad,BenjaminS.,1929–II. Ghauri,PervezN.,1948– HD62.4.G54352004 338.8(cid:1)8—dc22 2003062256 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable. Copyright(cid:2)2004byS.BenjaminPrasadandPervezN.Ghauri Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2003062256 ISBN:1–56720–421–X Firstpublishedin2004 PraegerPublishers,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881 AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc. www.praeger.com PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Illustrations vii Preface xi Part I Emerging Challenges 1 Chapter1 OnMultinationalsafter1989 3 S.BenjaminPrasad Chapter2 TheBaldEagleCannotFindItsWayintheRain Forest 13 AlvaroCuervo-CazurraandC.AnniqueUn Chapter3 ChallengesfortheEuropeanAutoMultinationals 37 HeikeProff Chapter4 MultinationalsandTechnologyDevelopmentinLatin AmericaandEastAsia 61 Andre´sLo´pezandMarcelaMiozzo Chapter5 SupranationalRulesonStrategyContext:Embraer andBrazil’sAerospaceProgram 83 ThomasC.LawtonandStevenM.McGuire Part II Changing Contexts 103 Chapter6 InitialTrustofJointVenturePartnersinEmerging Nations 105 KwongChan,W.HarveyHegarty,andStewartR.Miller vi Contents Chapter7 FamilyConglomerates:KeyFeaturesRelevantto Multinationals 121 DestanKandemir,DaekwanKim,andS.TamerCavusgil Chapter8 InternationalJointVentureControl:AnIntegrated Framework 147 YanZhangandHaiyangLi Chapter9 AnAnalysisofJointVentureActivitiesinSoutheast Asia 171 DanielC.IndroandMalikaRichards Chapter10 NationalCultureinChinaandMultinationals’ Performance 195 JiLi Chapter11 EnteringEmergingMarkets:Ignoranceand Discovery 207 JanJohansonandMartinJohanson Part III Prospects for Global Firms 225 Chapter12 StrategiesofMultinationalsinContemporaryChina 227 PeterEnderwick Chapter13 RethinkingMNE-EmergingMarketRelationships: SomeInsightsfromEastAsia 251 MoYaminandPervezN.Ghauri Chapter14 InstitutionsandMarketReforms:ALogicalGuide forMNEInvestments 267 RamMudambiandPietroNavarra Chapter15 OnEconomicLiberalizationinIndia 285 RoseM.Prasad Part IV Looking toward 2010 305 Chapter16 ALookAhead:MultinationalEnterprisesand EmergingMarkets 307 PervezN.Ghauri Selected Bibliography 311 Index 313 About the Editors and Contributors 317 Illustrations Tables 0.1 Twenty-FourBooksonMultinationalsIdentifiedasUnique StructuralFormsofOrganization1964–1986 xii 2.1 SummaryofArguments:Difficultiesinthe InternationalizationofDCMNEsintheLDCs 19 4.1 FDIInflowsbyAreaandPeriod,1970–1999 63 4.2 RatioofFDIInflowstoGrossFixedCapitalFormationfor DifferentPeriods,1971–1998 66 4.3 ShareofFDIInflowsinManufacturedExportsandOutput 72 5.1 AComparisonofModels 90 7.1 DemographicProfilesoftheFamilyConglomeration 123 8.1 ASummaryofMajorCharacteristicsoftheCases 154 8.2 ThePatternsofTaskInterdependence,Resource Contributions,andControl 160 8.3 TheDynamicRelationshipsbetweenIJVControland Performance 163 9.1 SoutheastAsianJointVentureSampleDescription 176 viii Illustrations 9.2 DescriptiveStatisticsandCorrelationsbetweenIndependent Variables 178 9.3 ResultsofMultinomialLogisticRegressionsExaminingthe DeterminantsofASEANJointVentureActivities 186 9.4 SummaryofResults 187 10.1 DescriptiveStatistics 201 10.2 EffectofHomeCountryCultureonMNEs’Behaviorin China 202 10.3 EffectofHomeCountryCultureonMNEs’Performancein China 203 11.1 TheFirmsandTypesofActivityandDiscovery 220 12.1 InternalChangesandTheirImplicationsforBusiness Strategy 235 13.1 EastAsianPoliciestowardMultinationalCompanies 255 13.2 TheDominanceofPro-FDIPoliciesinEmergingand DevelopingCountries,1991–2000 256 13.3 ShareofLDCsinFDIStocks,FDIFlow,andNumberof Affiliatesin1999 257 13.4 ReinvigoratingFunctionsofState 261 14.1 SummaryStatistics 273 14.2 EstimatingtheLevelofReformin1995:Heteroskedasticity- correctedOLSEstimates 274 14.3 EstimatingtheChangeintheLevelofReform1990–1995: Heteroskedasticity-correctedOLSEstimates 277 15.1 FraserIndex(1976–1995)forSelectedSixCountries 290 15.2 ForeignExchangeReservesandLiberalizationin11 EmergingNations 292 Figures 1.1 TheoreticalStreamsLeadingtoMNE(Multinational Enterprise)ParadigmsandInternationalCorporate Management 8 2.1 DifficultiesintheInternationalizationofMNEsinthe LDCs:AResearchFramework 17 Illustrations ix 3.1 ProjectedCapacityUtilizationintheAutomotiveIndustry ClassifiedAccordingtoRegionandEuropeanManufacturers 39 3.2 ExportIntensityandForeignDirectInvestmentofGerman EnterprisesAsWellAsFallingPricePremiumsinGermany 40 3.3 IndustrializationAsaMeansofEconomicDevelopment 43 3.4 CurrentandTargetedLinkagesintheAutomotiveIndustry undertheMalaysian“ClusterApproach” 44 3.5 IndustrialClusteringandtheNeedforLarge-Scale ProductionCapacities 46 3.6 NecesssaryExtensionoftheTheoryofForeignDirect InvestmenttoIncludeInteractionsbetweenMarketstoTake intoAccountOvercapacityandExportCompetition 51 3.7 ApproachesforReducingtheNegativeExternalEffectsof OvercapacityandExportCompetition 53 3.8 PossibleResponsesoftheEuropeanAutomotiveIndustryto OvercapacitiesandExportCompetition 54 6.1 AConceptualFrameworkofInitialTrustofJointVenture PartnersinEmergingNations 108 7.1 DriversofFamilyConglomerate’sEvolution 129 7.2 InternationalizationofFamilyConglomerates 134 7.3 AppropriateMarketEntryStrategiesforWestern CompaniesinEmergingMarkets 139 8.1 AnIntegratedFrameworkofIJVControl 149 9.1 DescriptionofSoutheastAsianJointVentures,byPartner Type 181 9.2 DescriptionofSoutheastAsianJointVentures,byCountry 184

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The terrorist attacks of 9/11 ushered in an age of anxiety along with the new century, an anxiety that has affected the international business climate in a variety of subtle and not-so-subtle ways. For one, the cost of doing business internationally has increased, for global firms and host countries
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