Global environmental politics PDF
Preview Global environmental politics
Global Environmental Politics 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd ii 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM Dilemmas in World Politics Series Editor: Jennifer Sterling-Folker, University of Connecticut Why is it diffi cult to achieve the universal protection of human rights? How can democratization be achieved so that it is equitable and lasting? Why does agree- ment on global environmental protection seem so elusive? How does the concept of gender play a role in the shocking inequalities of women throughout the globe? Why do horrifi c events such as genocide or ethnic confl icts recur or persist? Th ese are the sorts of questions that confront policymakers and students of contempo- rary international politics alike. Th ey are dilemmas because they are enduring problems in world aff airs that are diffi cult to resolve. Th ese are the types of dilemmas at the heart of the Dilemmas in World Politics series. Each book in the Dilemmas in World Politics series addresses a challenge or problem in world politics that is topical, recurrent, and not easily solved. Each is structured to cover the historical and theoretical aspects of the dilemma, as well as the policy alternatives for and future direction of the problem. Th e books are de- signed as supplements to introductory and intermediate courses in international relations. Th e books in the Dilemmas in World Politics series encourage students to engage in informed discussion of current policy issues. 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd iiii 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM BOOKS IN THIS SERIES Global Environmental Politics, Seventh Edition Pamela S. Chasek, David L. Downie, and Janet Welsh Brown Th e United Nations in the 21st Century, Fift h Edition Karen A. Mingst, Margaret P. Karns, and Alynna J. Lyon Global Gender Issues in the New Millennium, Fourth Edition V. Spike Peterson and Anne Sisson Runyan United States Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: Gulliver’s Travails J. Martin Rochester Democracy and Democratization in a Changing World, Th ird Edition Georg Sørensen International Human Rights, Fourth Edition Jack Donnelly Southern Africa in World Politics Janice Love Ethnic Confl ict in World Politics, Second Edition Barbara Harff and Ted Robert Gurr Dilemmas of International Trade, Second Edition Bruce E. Moon Humanitarian Challenges and Intervention, Second Edition Th omas G. Weiss and Cindy Collins Th e European Union: Dilemmas of Regional Integration James A. Caporaso International Futures, Th ird Edition Barry B. Hughes Revolution and Transition in East-Central Europe, Second Edition David S. Mason One Land, Two Peoples, Second Edition Deborah Gerner Dilemmas of Development Assistance Sarah J. Tisch and Michael B. Wallace East Asian Dynamism, Second Edition Steven Chan 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd iiiiii 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd iivv 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM S E V E N T H E D I T I O N Global Environmental Politics u PAMELA S. CHASEK DAVID L. DOWNIE JANET WELSH BROWN New York London 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd vv 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM First published 2017 by Westview Press Published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2017 Taylor & Francis Th e ENERGY STAR® name and mark are registered trademarks owned by the U.S. EPA. FSC® is a registered trademark of Forest Stewardship Council®. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Every eff ort has been made to secure required permissions for all text, images, maps, and other art reprinted in this volume. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Chasek, Pamela S., 1961– author. | Downie, David Leonard, author. | Brown, Janet Welsh, author. Title: Global environmental politics / Pamela S. Chasek, David L. Downie, Janet Welsh Brown. Description: Seventh edition. | Boulder, CO : Westview Press, [2017] | Series: Dilemmas in world politics | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2016011543 (print) | LCCN 2016016932 (ebook) | ISBN 9780813349794 (paperback) | ISBN 9780813350356 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Environmental policy. | BISAC: POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Environmental Policy. | NATURE / Environmental Conservation & Protection. | LAW / Environmental. Classifi cation: LCC GE170 .C46 2017 (print) | LCC GE170 (ebook) | DDC 363.7/056—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016011543 ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-4979-4 (pbk) 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd vvii 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM Contents List of Illustrations, ix Preface and Acknowledgments, xv List of Acronyms, xvii Chronology, xxi 1 The Emergence of Global Environmental Politics 1 Global Macrotrends, 2 An Introduction to Global Environmental Politics, 12 International Regimes in Global Environmental Politics, 20 Paradigms in Global Environmental Politics, 29 Conclusion, 48 2 Actors in the Environmental Arena 51 Nation-State Actors: Roles and Interests, 51 Intergovernmental Organizations, 61 Treaty Secretariats, 73 International Financial Institutions, 78 Regional and Other Multilateral Organizations, 85 Nongovernmental Organizations, 89 Business and Industry, 98 Conclusion, 103 3 The Development of Environmental Regimes: Stratospheric Ozone, Hazardous Waste, Toxic Chemicals, and Climate Change 105 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, 110 Hazardous Waste, 126 Toxic Chemicals, 138 Climate Change, 162 Conclusion, 184 vii 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd vviiii 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM viii Contents 4 The Development of Environmental Regimes: Natural Resources, Species, and Habitats 187 Biodiversity Loss, 189 International Trade in Endangered Species, 201 Forests, 213 Desertifi cation and Land Degradation, 224 Fisheries Depletion, 234 Whaling, 243 Conclusion, 252 5 Effective Environmental Regimes: Obstacles and Opportunities 257 Obstacles to Creating Strong Environmental Regimes, 258 Obstacles to Eff ective National Implementation of and Compliance with Global Environmental Regimes, 279 Opportunities to Improve Eff ective Implementation and Compliance, 289 Increasing Financial Resources for Implementing Global Environmental Regimes, 297 Conclusion, 307 6 Environmental Politics and Sustainable Development 309 North–South Relations and Sustainable Development, 310 Th e Social Pillar of Sustainable Development, 318 Economic Development and Trade, 324 Balancing the Environmental and Sustainable Development Agendas, 343 Conclusion, 350 7 The Future of Global Environmental Politics 353 Global Environmental Governance in a Changing International System, 354 Th e Continuing Evolution of Global Environmental Governance, 362 Conclusion: Th e Prospects for Global Environmental Politics, 369 Appendices, 377 Notes, 381 Index, 433 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd vviiiiii 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM Illustrations Tables 1.1 Projected World Energy Consumption (Quadrillion BTU) by Country Grouping, 2010–2040 6 1.2 Th e World’s Twenty Largest Megacities, 2014 13 3.1 Montreal Protocol Chemical Controls 120 3.2 Indicative Exemptions Under the Stockholm Convention (as of January 2016) 152 3.3 Top Twenty Emitting Countries by Total Fossil-Fuel Carbon Dioxide (1,000 Metric Tons of Carbon), 2012 164 3.4 Top Twenty Carbon Emitters Ranked by Per Capita Carbon Emissions (Metric Tons), 2011 165 4.1 Selected Illicit Wildlife Trade and Estimated Retail Value in US Dollars 206 4.2 Global Forest Area Change, 1990–2015 213 4.3 Veto States and Regime Creation or Strengthening 253 7.1 Top Twenty Countries Ranked by Gross Domestic Product, 1994 and 2014 356 7.2 Average Gross National Income Per Capita (in US Dollars) in Select Countries and Groupings, 2014 357 Figures 1.1 World Population Growth, 1950–2050 (Projected) 3 1.2 Global Energy Use, 2013 5 3.1 Migration of Persistent Organic Pollutants 142 3.2 Process for Adding New Chemicals to the Stockholm Convention 147 3.3 Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 1959–2014 163 ix 99778800881133334499779944--tteexxtt..iinndddd iixx 66//77//1166 33::5566 PPMM
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