Global encyclopedia of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) history PDF
Preview Global encyclopedia of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) history
Front Cover Half Title Page Global Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) History Editorial Board EDITOR IN CHIEF Howard Chiang Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of California, Davis ASSOCIATE EDITORS Anjali Arondekar Associate Professor, Department of Feminist Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz Marc Epprecht Professor, Department of Global Development Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada Jennifer Evans Professor, Department of History, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Ross G. Forman Associate Professor, Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies, University of Warwick, United Kingdom Hanadi Al-Samman Associate Professor, Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Emily Skidmore Associate Professor, Department of History, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Zeb Tortorici Associate Professor of Spanish and Portuguese Languages and Literatures, New York University Title Page Global Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) History VOLUME 1 A–F EDITOR IN CHIEF Howard Chiang ASSOCIATE EDITORS Anjali Arondekar Marc Epprecht Jennifer Evans Ross G. Forman Hanadi Al-Samman Emily Skidmore Zeb Tortorici CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS A part of Gale, a Cengage Company Farmington Hills, Mich • Andover, UK • Chicago • Mason, Ohio Meriden, Conn • New York • San Francisco • Singapore • Waterville, Maine Copyright Page Global Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) History Howard Chiang, Editor in Chief Associate Publisher, Reference: Hélène Potter Acquisitions Editor: Jessica Bomarito Content Strategist: Julie Carnagie Project Editor: Rebecca Parks Editorial: Jennifer Stock, Joseph Palmisano, Elizabeth Ferguson, Scot Peacock, Alja Kooistra Rights Acquisition and Management: Ashley Maynard Manufacturing: Rita Wimberley Imaging: John Watkins Product Design: Kristine Julien © 2019 Gale, a Cengage Company ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Gale Customer Support, 1-800-877-4253. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be emailed to [email protected] Cover image reproduced by permission of Ihnatovich Maryia/Shutterstock.com. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale, a part of Cengage Learning, does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Name: Chiang, Howard, 1983- editor. Title: Global encyclopedia of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) history/Howard Chiang, editor in chief; associate editors, Anjali Arondekar [and six others]. Description: Farmington Hills, Mich.: Charles Scribner's Sons, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: Volume 1. A-F --Volume 2. G-O -- Volume 3. P-Z. Identifiers: LCCN 2018030836| ISBN 9780684325538 (set : hardcover: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780684325552 (vol. 1 : hardcover: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780684325569 (vol. 2 : hardcover: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780684325576 (vol. 3 : hardcover: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780684325545 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Sexual minorities--History--Encyclopedias. | Gays--History-Encyclopedias. | Transgender people--History--Encyclopedias. | Bisexuals-History--Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC HQ73.G56 2019 | DDC 306.76003--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018030836 Gale 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 ISBN 978-0-6843-2553-8 (set) ISBN 978-0-6843-2555-2 (vol. 1) ISBN 978-0-6843-2556-9 (vol. 2) ISBN 978-0-6843-2557-6 (vol. 3) This title is also available as an ebook. ISBN: 978-0-6843-2554-5 Contact your Gale sales representative for ordering information. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 23 22 21 20 19 Table of Contents Preface xxv Introduction xxix List of Contributors xxxv Thematic Outline liii A ACT UP 1 The founding, achievements, international impact, and demise of this important AIDS activist group. Sidebar: ACT UP in Europe Activism in Africa South of the Sahara 8 The history and current state of LGBTQI activism in Africa, including challenges and victories. Adoption and Surrogacy in Europe 16 The availability and legal rights surrounding the issues of adoption and surrogacy for European LGBT persons. Adoption, Fostering, and Surrogacy (International) 20 The legal and social challenges LGBTQ adults face to access intercountry adoption and surrogacy, as well as challenges LGBTQ youth face when rejected from their families. Aestheticism and Decadence, Nineteenth-Century 26 The important figures and works of these interrelated cultural movements that explored queer and erotic themes around the end of the nineteenth century. African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 35 The role of this human rights organization in advocating for LGBTQ individuals in Africa. Sidebar: The Commission Condemns Violence and Discrimination against LGBTQ Persons Afropop Music 38 A type of popular music on the African continent, and the ways LGBT artists are using it both to resist social oppression and promote tolerance. AIDS Memorial Quilt—The NAMES Project 40 The development and cultural impact of this famous memorial to those who have died from AIDS. Al-Akharun (2006; Seba al-Herz) 44 Saudi Arabian novel narrated by a disabled Shiʿa woman struggling to reconcile her religious faith with her nonnormative sexual identity. alQaws 48 Palestinian organization that promotes queer acceptance combined with advocacy against Israeli pinkwashing. Amer, Ghada (1963–) 51 Egyptian artist whose work challenges conventional representations of women, particularly in its depictions of same-sex desire. AnāHiya Anti (2000; Elham Mansour) 55 One of the first novels published in the Middle East to represent lesbianism in a way that is not heteronormative. Antes que Anochezca (1992; Reinaldo Arenas) 59 Autobiography of Cuban exile and one of Latin America's most original voices that details the author's life as a political and sexual dissident. Anthropology in Africa South of the Sahara 61 Historical and contemporary anthropological perspectives on nonnormative sexualities in Africa. Sidebar: E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902–1973) Anti-Gender Movement in Europe 69 Conservative campaigns against so-called “gender ideology” or “gender theory.” Anti-Racist Activism in Europe 71 The intersection between anti-racism and LGBT activism throughout the continent. Anti-Semitism and Zionism 75 The relationship between anti-Semitism and largely male homosexuality in Europe and its influence on Zionism and the State of Israel. Anti-Semitism in Europe 80 Jews and homosexuals as cultural “others” in Europe. Antisodomy and Buggery Trials 83 The legal prosecution of same-sex sexual activity, mostly between men, throughout history. Archives in Africa 91 The challenges of archival research on nonnormative sexualities in Africa. Archives in Asia 95 What legal records, religious sources, scientific texts, and other archival material reveal about nonnormative genders and sexualities in Asia. Archives in Australia and New Zealand 102 Description and management of LGBTQI archives in Australia and New Zealand. Archives in Europe 103 The history of gay and lesbian archives in western and eastern Europe. Archives in Latin America 106 The major archives containing LGBT materials in various Central and South American countries, including the challenges of researching this topic in this region. Archives in North America 113 The history of the development of community-and university-based LGBTQ archives in the United States and Canada. Argentina’s Gender Identity Law 118 A groundbreaking law allowing transgender people the right to officially change their gender identity without third-party intervention. The Art of Identity in India 123 The expression of queer identity in contemporary Indian art in a society that criminalized same-sex sexual expression. The Art of Queering Asian Mythology 127 An examination of LGBTQ-themed artwork through the lens of Asian mythology. Sidebar: Sunil Gupta (1953–) Asexuality 134 The range of definitions that can apply to this sexual identity from the perspective of asexual communities, scientific research, and queer and feminist theory. Asia Pacific Transgender Network 142 Coordinating body for organizations serving trans individuals in the Asia Pacific region. Asrar ʿAiliyyah (2013; Hany Fawzy) 148 The first Egyptian film to focus primarily on homosexuality. Aswat 152 A Palestinian nongovernmental organization for women with nonnormative sexualities, with a focus on the group's publications Haqi an aʿeesh an akhtar an akun (2007) and Waqfet banāt (2010).
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