Global Economic History PDF
Preview Global Economic History
Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. The VSI Library now contains 300 volumes—a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian Philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology—and will continue to grow in a variety of disciplines. Very Short Introductions available now: ADVERTISING Winston Fletcher BIOGRAPHY Hermione Lee AFRICAN HISTORY THE BLUES Elijah Wald John Parker and Richard Rathbone THE BOOK OF MORMON AGNOSTICISM Robin Le Poidevin Terryl Givens AMERICAN IMMIGRATION THE BRAIN Michael O’Shea David A. Gerber BRITISH POLITICS Anthony Wright AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES BUDDHA Michael Carrithers AND ELECTIONS BUDDHISM Damien Keown L. Sandy Maisel BUDDHIST ETHICS Damien Keown THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY CANCER Nicholas James Charles O. Jones CAPITALISM James Fulcher ANARCHISM Colin Ward CATHOLICISM Gerald O’Collins ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY Julia Annas CHAOS Leonard Smith ANCIENT WARFARE Harry Sidebottom CHOICE THEORY Michael Allingham ANGLICANISM Mark Chapman CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE John Blair CHRISTIAN ETHICS D. Stephen Long ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia CHRISTIANITY Linda Woodhead ANTISEMITISM Steven Beller CITIZENSHIP Richard Bellamy THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY Paul Foster Helen Morales ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn CLASSICS ARCHITECTURE Andrew Ballantyne Mary Beard and John Henderson ARISTOCRACY William Doyle C LAUSEWITZ Michael Howard ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes THE COLD WAR Robert McMahon ART HISTORY Dana Arnold COMMUNISM Leslie Holmes ART THEORY Cynthia Freeland CONSCIENCE Paul Strohm ATHEISM Julian Baggini CONSCIOUSNESS Susan Blackmore AUGUSTINE Henry Chadwick CONTEMPORARY ART AUTISM Uta Frith Julian Stallabrass BARTHES Jonathan Culler CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY BEAUTY Roger Scruton Simon Critchley BESTSELLERS John Sutherland COSMOLOGY Peter Coles THE BIBLE John Riches CRITICAL THEORY Stephen Eric Bronner BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Eric H. Cline THE CRUSADES Christopher Tyerman CRYPTOGRAPHY THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Fred Piper and Sean Murphy William Doyle DADA AND SURREALISM FREUD Anthony Storr David Hopkins FUNDAMENTALISM Malise Ruthven DARWIN Jonathan Howard GALAXIES John Gribbin THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS Timothy Lim GALILEO Stillman Drake DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick GAME THEORY Ken Binmore DERRIDA Simon Glendinning GANDHI Bhikhu Parekh DESCARTES Tom Sorell GENIUS Andrew Robinson DESERTS Nick Middleton G EOGRAPHY DESIGN John Heskett John Matthews and David Herbert DINOSAURS David Norman GEOPOLITICS Klaus Dodds DIPLOMACY Joseph M. Siracusa G ERMAN LITERATURE Nicholas Boyle DOCUMENTARY FILM GERMAN PHILOSOPHY Andrew Bowie Patricia Aufderheide G LOBAL CATASTROPHES Bill McGuire DREAMING J. Allan Hobson GLOBAL ECONOMIC HISTORY DRUGS Leslie Iversen Robert C. Allen DRUIDS Barry Cunliffe GLOBAL WARMING Mark Maslin EARLY MUSIC Thomas Forrest Kelly GLOBALIZATION Manfred Steger THE EARTH Martin Redfern T HE GREAT DEPRESSION ECONOMICS Partha Dasgupta AND THE NEW DEAL EGYPTIAN MYTH Geraldine Pinch Eric Rauchway EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN H ABERMAS James Gordon Finlayson Paul Langford HEGEL Peter Singer THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood EMOTION Dylan Evans HERODOTUS Jennifer T. Roberts EMPIRE Stephen Howe HIEROGLYPHS Penelope Wilson ENGELS Terrell Carver HINDUISM Kim Knott E NGLISH LITERATURE Jonathan Bate HISTORY John H. Arnold EPIDEMIOLOGY Rodolfo Saracci THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY ETHICS Simon Blackburn Michael Hoskin THE EUROPEAN UNION THE HISTORY OF LIFE John Pinder and Simon Usherwood Michael Benton EVOLUTION THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE Brian and Deborah Charlesworth William Bynum EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn THE HISTORY OF TIME FASCISM Kevin Passmore Leofranc Holford-Strevens FASHION Rebecca Arnold H IV/AIDS Alan Whiteside FEMINISM Margaret Walters HOBBES Richard Tuck FILM MUSIC Kathryn Kalinak HUMAN EVOLUTION Bernard Wood THE FIRST WORLD WAR HUMAN RIGHTS Andrew Clapham Michael Howard HUMANISM Stephen Law FOLK MUSIC Mark Slobin HUME A. J. Ayer FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden David Canter INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Sue Hamilton FORENSIC SCIENCE Jim Fraser INFORMATION Luciano Floridi FOSSILS Keith Thomson INNOVATION FOUCAULT Gary Gutting Mark Dodgson and David Gann FREE SPEECH Nigel Warburton INTELLIGENCE Ian J. Deary FREE WILL Thomas Pink INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION FRENCH LITERATURE John D. Lyons Khalid Koser INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS NEOLIBERALISM Paul Wilkinson Manfred Steger and Ravi Roy ISLAM Malise Ruthven THE NEW TESTAMENT ISLAMIC HISTORY Adam Silverstein Luke Timothy Johnson JESUS Richard Bauckham THE NEW TESTAMENT AS JOURNALISM Ian Hargreaves LITERATURE Kyle Keefer JUDAISM Norman Solomon NEWTON Robert Iliffe JUNG Anthony Stevens NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner KABBALAH Joseph Dan NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN KAFKA Ritchie Robertson Christopher Harvie and KANT Roger Scruton H. C. G. Matthew KEYNES Robert Skidelsky THE NORMAN CONQUEST KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner George Garnett THE KORAN Michael Cook NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS LANDSCAPES AND Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green GEOMORPHOLOGY NORTHERN IRELAND Andrew Goudie and Heather Viles Marc Mulholland LATE ANTIQUITY Gillian Clark NOTHING Frank Close LAW Raymond Wacks NUCLEAR POWER Maxwell Irvine THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS NUCLEAR WEAPONS Peter Atkins Joseph M. Siracusa LEADERSHIP Keith Grint NUMBERS Peter M. Higgins LINCOLN Allen C. Guelzo THE OLD TESTAMENT LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews Michael D. Coogan LITERARY THEORY Jonathan Culler ORGANIZATIONS Mary Jo Hatch LOCKE John Dunn PAGANISM Owen Davies LOGIC Graham Priest PARTICLE PHYSICS Frank Close MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner PAUL E. P. Sanders THE MARQUIS DE SADE John Phillips PENTECOSTALISM William K. Kay MARTIN LUTHER Scott H. Hendrix PHILOSOPHY Edward Craig MARX Peter Singer PHILOSOPHY OF LAW MATHEMATICS Timothy Gowers Raymond Wacks THE MEANING OF LIFE Terry Eagleton PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE MEDICAL ETHICS Tony Hope Samir Okasha MEDIEVAL BRITAIN PHOTOGRAPHY Steve Edwards John Gillingham and Ralph A. Griffi ths PLANETS David A. Rothery MEMORY Jonathan K. Foster PLATO Julia Annas MICHAEL FARADAY Frank A. J. L. James POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY MODERN ART David Cottington David Miller MODERN CHINA Rana Mitter POLITICS Kenneth Minogue MODERN IRELAND Senia Pašeta POSTCOLONIALISM Robert Young MODERN JAPAN POSTMODERNISM Christopher Butler Christopher Goto-Jones POSTSTRUCTURALISM MODERNISM Christopher Butler Catherine Belsey MOLECULES Philip Ball PREHISTORY Chris Gosden MORMONISM Richard Lyman Bushman PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY MUHAMMAD Jonathan A. C. Brown Catherine Osborne MUSIC Nicholas Cook PRIVACY Raymond Wacks MYTH Robert A. Segal PROGRESSIVISM Walter Nugent NATIONALISM Steven Grosby PROTESTANTISM Mark A. Noll NELSON MANDELA Elleke Boehmer PSYCHIATRY Tom Burns PSYCHOLOGY SOCIAL AND CULTURAL Gillian Butler and Freda McManus ANTHROPOLOGY PURITANISM Francis J. Bremer John Monaghan and Peter Just THE QUAKERS Pink Dandelion SOCIALISM Michael Newman QUANTUM THEORY SOCIOLOGY Steve Bruce John Polkinghorne SOCRATES C. C. W. Taylor RACISM Ali Rattansi THE SOVIET UNION Stephen Lovell THE REAGAN REVOLUTION THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR Gil Troy Helen Graham THE REFORMATION Peter Marshall SPANISH LITERATURE Jo Labanyi RELATIVITY Russell Stannard SPINOZA Roger Scruton RELIGION IN AMERICA Timothy Beal STATISTICS David J. Hand THE RENAISSANCE Jerry Brotton STUART BRITAIN John Morrill RENAISSANCE ART SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Geraldine A. Johnson Stephen Blundell RISK Baruch Fischhoff and John Kadvany TERRORISM Charles Townshend ROMAN BRITAIN Peter Salway THEOLOGY David F. Ford THE ROMAN EMPIRE THOMAS AQUINAS Fergus Kerr Christopher Kelly TOCQUEVILLE Harvey C. Mansfi eld ROMANTICISM Michael Ferber TRAGEDY Adrian Poole ROUSSEAU Robert Wokler THE TUDORS John Guy RUSSELL A. C. Grayling TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN RUSSIAN LITERATURE Catriona Kelly Kenneth O. Morgan THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION THE UNITED NATIONS S. A. Smith Jussi M. Hanhimäki SCHIZOPHRENIA THE U.S. CONGRESS Chris Frith and Eve Johnstone Donald A. Ritchie SCHOPENHAUER Christopher Janaway UTOPIANISM Lyman Tower Sargent SCIENCE AND RELIGION THE VIKINGS Julian Richards Thomas Dixon VIRUSES Dorothy H. Crawford SCIENCE FICTION David Seed WITCHCRAFT Malcolm Gaskill THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WITTGENSTEIN A. C. Grayling Lawrence M. Principe WORLD MUSIC Philip Bohlman SCOTLAND Rab Houston THE WORLD TRADE SEXUALITY Véronique Mottier ORGANIZATION Amrita Narlikar SHAKESPEARE Germaine Greer WRITING AND SCRIPT SIKHISM Eleanor Nesbitt Andrew Robinson Available soon: Dictionaries Lynda Mugglestone Multiculturalism Developmental Biology Ali Rattansi Lewis Wolpert Environmental Economics Madness Andrew Scull Stephen Smith For more information visit our website www.oup.com/vsi/ This page intentionally left blank Robert C. Allen Global Economic History A Very Short Introduction 3 3 G reat Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Robert C. Allen 2011 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire ISBN: 978–0–19–959665–2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Contents Acknowledgements x i List of illustrations x iii List of tables xv 1 The great divergence 1 2 The rise of the West 14 3 The Industrial Revolution 27 4 The ascent of the rich 4 0 5 The great empires 5 3 6 The Americas 6 4 7 Africa 9 1 8 The standard model and late industrialization 1 14 9 Big Push industrialization 1 31 Epilogue 1 46 References 1 48 Further reading 1 54 Index 1 63
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