Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms PDF
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Ecological Studies 232 Patricia M. Glibert Elisa Berdalet Michele A. Burford Grant C. Pitcher Mingjiang Zhou E ditors Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis Volume 232 Serieseditors MartynM.Caldwell Logan,Utah,USA SandraD´ıaz Cordoba,Argentina GerhardHeldmaier Marburg,Germany RobertB.Jackson Stanford,California,USA OttoL.Lange Wu¨rzburg,Germany DelphisF.Levia Newark,Delaware,USA HaroldA.Mooney Stanford,California,USA Ernst-DetlefSchulze Jena,Germany UlrichSommer Kiel,Germany EcologicalStudiesisSpringer’spremierbookseriestreatingallaspectsofecology. These volumes, either authored or edited collections, appear several times each year.Theyareintendedtoanalyseandsynthesizeourunderstandingofnaturaland managed ecosystems and their constituent organisms and resources at different scales from the biosphere to communities, populations, individual organisms and molecularinteractions.Manyvolumesconstitutecasestudiesillustratingandsyn- thesizing ecological principles for an intended audience of scientists, students, environmentalmanagersandpolicyexperts.Recentvolumesaddressbiodiversity, global change, landscape ecology, air pollution, ecosystem analysis, microbial ecology,ecophysiologyandmolecularecology. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/86 Patricia M. Glibert • Elisa Berdalet • Michele A. Burford • Grant C. Pitcher • Mingjiang Zhou Editors Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Editors PatriciaM.Glibert ElisaBerdalet HornPointLaboratory InstituteofMarineSciences(CSIC) UniversityofMarylandCenterfor Barcelona,Catalonia,Spain EnvironmentalScience Cambridge,Maryland,USA MicheleA.Burford GrantC.Pitcher AustralianRiversInstitute FisheriesResearchandDevelopment GriffithUniversity CapeTown,SouthAfrica Nathan,Queensland,Australia MingjiangZhou InstituteofOceanology ChineseAcademyofSciences Qingdao,China ISSN0070-8356 ISSN2196-971X (electronic) EcologicalStudies ISBN978-3-319-70068-7 ISBN978-3-319-70069-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70069-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017964501 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerInternationalPublishingAGpart ofSpringerNature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland In Memoriam: Otto Ludwig Lange (1927–2017) Otto Ludwig Lange, emeritus Professor at the University of Würzburg, Germany, diedonAugust14,2017,attheageof89years.Thedeathwasunexpected;indeed, he was actively planning the celebration of his 90th birthday. With his death the ecological community has lost a prominent and valued member, and Ecological Studiesnolongerhasitsfounderandpromotor,towhomweowethisthrivingbook series. OttoLudwigLangewasborneinDortmundandstudiedbiologyattheUniver- sityofG€ottingen,afterhereturnedfromservinginWorldWarIIandimprisonment inFrance.HeobtainedhisdoctoratedegreeattheUniversityofG€ottingenin1952 under Prof F. Firbas on“Heat and droughttolerance of lichens inrelation totheir geographic distribution”. Following habilitation as part of the German tenure procedure at the University of G€ottingen in 1959, he moved to Darmstadt to join v vi InMemoriam:OttoLudwigLange(1927–2017) the group ofProf. O. Stocker as Associate Professor. He had already attained full professorship in Forest Botany and Technical Mycology in 1963, as well as becoming the Director of the Arboretum of the University of G€ottingen. Four yearslater,in1967,OttoLangeacceptedanofferfromtheUniversityofWürzburg toestablishanewChairofPlantEcology,whichincorporatedmanagementofthe BotanicGardens.Despitemanyattractiveoffersfromaroundtheworld,OttoLange decidedtostayatWürzburguntilhisretirement. OttoLangewasanenthusiasticandinspiringecologistwitharemarkablybroad rangeofinterests,andamainfocusonthephysiologyofvascularandnon-vascular plants under natural field conditions. He taught a very broad range of subjects, includingplanttaxonomy,vegetationscience,andeco-physiology,andguidedfield courses and associated excursions on plant identification within Germany and across Europe. He put a lot of effort into teaching, raising the interest of students fromtheir1stSemester.Hewasfullofideas,andalwayseagertofullyunderstand anatomy,morphologyandexistenceofspeciesincertainenvironmentsonasound physiological basis. He travelled around the globe to better understand the distri- bution and existence of lichens and also fueling an interest in salt and drought tolerance.Hewasfascinatedbydewfallandwateruptakefromhumidair,aswell as being the first person to demonstrate the response of vascular plants to air humidity, His experiments with Citrullus colocynthis became the classic demon- strationoftheregulationofleaftemperatureviaadjustmentsoftheenergybalance toavoidheatdamage. OttoLangebecameoneofthemosthighlyrecognizedGermanecologists,with hisfocusontheeco-physiologyofplantsunderaridandcoldconditions.Fromthis longlistofhonours,themostremarkablerecognitionofhisresearchwasprobably thenamingof“LangePeak”intheLytteltonRangeintheAdmiraltyMountainsof Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Three lichen species are named after Otto Lange (Peltua langei, Hubbsia langei and Jeckelixia ottolangei). These enduring milestonesofOttoLange’sworkremainamongsthischieflegaciesbuthewasalso recognizedinmanyotherways;hereceivedtheBalzan-PriceofItaly,theGottfried WilhelmLeibnitzPriceoftheGermanScienceFoundation,the“BayerischeMax- imilianOrden”oftheBavarianGovermentandtheCotheniusmedaloftheGerman Academy of Sciences, and the Ecological Society of America Award. Ecological Studies Volume 100 was rightly dedicated to Otto Lange’s retirement, while special volumes in lichenological journals also celebrated his 70th and 80th birthday. Besideshisachievementsinscience,OttoLangewaswidelyrecognizedasafair and supportive research organizer. He was Editor in Chief of the oldest German botanical journal Flora, and co-editor of many journals, including Oecologia, He wasmemberoftherefereeboardoftheGermanScience Foundation,acted asthe Dean of the Faculty in Würzburg, and a member of the academic Senate and the board of financial affairs of his university. In recognition of these administrative engagementstheUniversityhonouredOttoLangewiththeBeneMerentiMedalof theUniversityofWürzburg. InMemoriam:OttoLudwigLange(1927–2017) vii The foundation of the book series Ecological Studies remains a major science achievement. Since the very first volume, published in 1970, this book series became the main international platform for publications of multidisciplinary pro- jects, encompassing all vegetation zones and land uses on this globe, including aquaticsystems. Very sadly, we have lost an ingenious and original advisor. We will miss the stimulating discussions that lead to so many new insights in science and which helpedmanyscholarscopewithlifeduringtheupsanddownsoftheircareers.He was also a personal friend, who cared passionately about the life of people in his instituteandinhisfieldofscience.Hewillbesorelymissed. Ernst-DetlefSchulze,EditorofEcologicalStudies Contents PartI IntroductiontoHarmfulAlgalBloomsandtheGEOHAB Programme 1 IntroductiontotheGlobalEcologyandOceanographyofHarmful AlgalBlooms(GEOHAB)Synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 PatriciaM.Glibert,ElisaBerdalet,MicheleA.Burford, GrantC.Pitcher,andMingjiangZhou 2 HarmfulAlgalBloomsandtheImportanceofUnderstanding TheirEcologyandOceanography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 PatriciaM.Glibert,ElisaBerdalet,MicheleA.Burford, GrantC.Pitcher,andMingjiangZhou 3 Establishment,Goals,andLegacyoftheGlobalEcologyand OceanographyofHarmfulAlgalBlooms(GEOHAB) Programme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 RaphaelM.Kudela,RobinRaine,GrantC.Pitcher,PatrickGentien, ElisaBerdalet,HenrikEnevoldsen,andEdUrban PartII GlobalChangesandHarmfulAlgalBlooms 4 ChangingLand-,Sea-,andAirscapes:SourcesofNutrient PollutionAffectingHabitatSuitabilityforHarmfulAlgae. . . . . . . 53 PatriciaM.Glibert,ArthurH.W.Beusen,JohnA.Harrison, HansH.Dürr,AlexanderF.Bouwman,andGoulvenG.Laruelle 5 HarmfulAlgalBloomsinaChangingOcean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 MarkL.WellsandBengtKarlson ix x Contents PartIII AdaptiveStrategiesandHarmfulAlgalBlooms 6 NutrientsandHarmfulAlgalBlooms:DynamicKinetics andFlexibleNutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 PatriciaM.Glibert,CynthiaA.Heil,FrancesP.Wilkerson, andRichardC.Dugdale 7 MixotrophyinHarmfulAlgalBlooms:ByWhom,onWhom, When,Why,andWhatNext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 KevinJ.Flynn,AditeeMitra,PatriciaM.Glibert, andJoAnnM.Burkholder 8 TheRoleofLifeCycleCharacteristicsinHarmfulAlgalBloom Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 RhodoraV.Azanza,MichaelL.Brosnahan,DonaldM.Anderson, IngaHense,andMarinaMontresor PartIV HarmfulAlgalBloomsinSpecificHabitatsandBiomes 9 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal BloomsinStratifiedSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 RobinRaine,ElisaBerdalet,HidekatsuYamazaki,IanJenkinson, andBeatrizReguera 10 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal BloomsinFjordsandCoastalEmbayments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 SuzanneRoy,MarinaMontresor,andAllanCembella 11 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal BloomsinEasternBoundaryUpwellingSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 GrantC.Pitcher,FranciscoG.Figueiras,RaphaelM.Kudela, TeresaMoita,BeatrizReguera,andManuelRuiz-Villareal 12 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal BloomsinRelationtoNutrientsandEutrophication. . . . .. . . . . .. 229 PatriciaM.Glibert,AdnanAl-Azri,J.IcarusAllen, AlexanderF.Bouwman,ArthurH.W.Beusen,MicheleA.Burford, PaulJ.Harrison,andMingjiangZhou 13 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal BloomsinBenthicSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 ElisaBerdaletandPatriciaA.Tester PartV SpotlightonHarmfulAlgalBloomsinAsia 14 OverviewofHarmfulAlgalBloomsinAsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 KenFuruya,MitsunoriIwataki,PoTeenLim,SonghuiLu, Chui-PinLeaw,RhodoraV.Azanza,Hak-GyoonKim, andYasuwoFukuyo
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