Global City Challenges: Debating a Concept, Improving the Practice PDF
Preview Global City Challenges: Debating a Concept, Improving the Practice
Global City Challenges Global City Challenges Debating a Concept, Improving the Practice Editedby Michele Acuto SeniorLecturer,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK Wendy Steele ARCFellow,GriffithUniversity,Australia Editorialmatter,selection,introductionandconclusion©MicheleAcuto andWendySteele2013 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-28686-4 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-44943-9 ISBN 978-1-137-28687-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137286871 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. 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Contents ListofFiguresandTables vii NotesonContributors viii 1 Introduction 1 MicheleAcutoandWendySteele 2 TheGlobalCityTradition 15 ChristofParnreiter 3 TheNetworkDimension 33 BenDerudder,MichaelHoylerandPeterJ.Taylor 4 TheEconomicandFinancialDimensions 47 DavidBassens 5 TheHistoricalDimension 63 PeterRimmerandHowardDick 6 ThePostcolonialDimension 88 VanessaWatson 7 TheLiteraryDimension 101 SheilaHones 8 TheVirtualDimension 117 MarkGraham 9 TheCulturalDimension 140 OliMould 10 TheArchitecturalDimension 155 KerwinDatu 11 TheGeopoliticalDimension 170 MicheleAcuto 12 TheSecurityDimension 188 DavidMurakami-Wood 13 GlobalCityChallenges:AViewfromtheField 202 GlenSearle v vi Contents Conclusions 222 MicheleAcutoandWendySteele GlobalCityChallenges:ASympatheticPostscript 232 RogerKeil Bibliography 237 Index 260 Figures and Tables Figures 4.1 EvolutionofDubai’sforeign-ownedpropertypricesas percentageof2007’sfirstquarter 55 5.1 SilkRoad:AhistoricalnetworkofEast–Westroutesacross Afro-Eurasia 68 5.2 Shanghaiinthe1930s 77 5.3 Shanghaiin2012 82 5.4 Schematicrepresentationoftime-spacecompressionsincethe mid-nineteenthcentury 84 5.5 Theglobalcitymall 86 8.1 Thematerial/digitalpalimpsestsofManhattan 118 8.2 EditstoWikipediaintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica 123 8.3 Referencesto‘temple’inEnglish(left)andThai(right) inBangkok 128 8.4 InsetmapintheJerusalemWikipediaarticleinJuly2008 134 8.5 InsetmapintheJerusalemWikipediaarticleinJuly2009 135 8.6 InsetmapintheJerusalemWikipediaarticlein2011 136 8.7 InsetmapintheJerusalemWikipediaarticlein2012 136 9.1 DRByen,Ørestad,Copenhagen 150 9.2 Parkourplugandplay‘park’,Ørestad,Copenhagen 151 Tables 3.1 City-by-firmmatrixandsummedservicevalues 37 3.2 Dyadconnectivityandglobalnetworkconnectivity 37 3.3 LargestvaluesofCDCa−iandGNCaforChinesecitiesin2010 41 3.4 GNC,globalismandlocalismofthe20mostconnected ChinesecitiesintheWCNin2010 41 3.5 Thefivemostimportantrelativeconnectionsofsix Chinesecities 42 4.1 ForeigndirectinvestmentstocksintheEmirateofDubaifor 2006and2010 57 5.1 Worldcities 66 5.2 Shanghai’spopulationatselecteddates,1860–2010 78 12.1 UPPsinRiodeJaneiro,December2012 195 vii Contributors MicheleAcutoisSeniorLecturerintheDepartmentofScience,Technology, EngineeringandPublicPolicy(STEaPP),UniversityCollegeLondon,UK,and Stephen Barter Fellow of the Oxford Programme for the Future of Cities at theUniversityofOxford,UK.HeistheeditorofNegotiatingRelief (2013)and authorofTheUrbanLink(2013). David Bassens is Assistant Professor at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium (Cosmopolis research group) and has been a researcher at the Social and Economic Geography research group at Ghent University, Bel- gium,sinceOctober2007.Since2008,hehasbeenemployedonafour-year FWO-project entitled Globalization Revisited: The Relationship between Global CommodityChainsandUrbanNetworks.Davidfocuseson‘alternative’world city networks and newly arising lines of research on urbanization and globalization in non-core regions of the world economy and Gulf cities in particular. Since 2008, he has been a member of the editorial board of AGORA Magazine, a Dutch–Belgian journal on socio-spatial issues and a research fellow of the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network. Kerwin Datu is a PhD Researcher in the Department of Geography and the Environment, London School of Economics (LSE), UK, and the editor- in-chief of The Global Urbanist – an online magazine analysing urban development issues worldwide. Originally trained in architecture, a field in whichheworkedinSydney,ParisandLondonovernineyears,hecompleted anMScinUrbanisationandDevelopmentattheLSEin2009,whichinspired the magazine. He is now completing a PhD in Economic Geography at the LSE, focused on the role of global and regional city networks in economic development. Ben Derudder is Professor of Human Geography in the Department of Geography,GhentUniversity,Belgium,andAssociateDirectoroftheGaWC ResearchNetwork.HeisalsoaMarieCurieFellowintheSchoolofGeogra- phyandEnvironmentalScience,MonashUniversity,Australia.Hisresearch focuses on the conceptualization and empirical analysis of transnational urbannetworks.Hehaspublishedinkeygeographyandurbanstudiesjour- nals and written and co-edited books on world city network formation, includingCitiesinGlobalization(2007),GlobalUrbanAnalysis(2011)andthe InternationalHandbookofGlobalizationandWorldCities(2012). viii NotesonContributors ix Howard Dick is Professorial Fellow in the Department of Management & Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Melbourne, Australia,wherehehastaughtsince1998.Hewaspreviouslyseniorlecturer in Asian Economic History, in the Department of Business Development & Corporate History (formerly Economic History), University of Melbourne, Australia, and senior lecturer in the Department of Economics, Univer- sity of Newcastle, Australia, between 1976 and 1998, after completing his PhD in the Research School of Pacific Studies of the Australian National University. He is the author of Surabaya, City of Work (2002) and has written several articles, chapters and books in collaboration with Peter Rimmer. Mark Graham is Research Fellow in the University of Oxford’s Internet Institute, where he focuses on Internet and information geographies, and theoverlapsbetweenICTsandeconomicdevelopment.Mark’sworkonthe geographies of theInternetexamines howpeople and places are ever more defined by, and made visible through, not only their traditional physical locationsandproperties,butalsotheirvirtualattributesanddigitalshadows. He is currently involved in a multi-year project funded by an ESRC-DFID granttostudytheeffectsofbroadbanduseandaccessinKenyaandRwanda, askingwhobenefits(andwhodoesn’t)fromimprovedconnectivity.Mark’s previous work in this area focused on similar questions within the con- text of the Thai silk industry. He has also recently set up a commodity chaintracingproject(Wikichains.org)thatwillallowpeopletoharnessthe powerofuser-generatedcontenttouncoverthehiddenproductionpractices, environmentaleffectsandeconomicgeographiesbehindeverydayitems. Sheila Hones is Professor in the Department of Area Studies, Graduate SchoolofArtsandSciences,UniversityofTokyo,Japan.SheholdsaBA(Uni- versity of Manchester, UK) in English/American Literature, an MA (Clark University,USA)inAmericanliteratureandaPhD(BostonUniversity,USA) in interdisciplinary American studies. Within American studies, her main researchinterestshavetodowiththeintegrationofliterarystudiesandcul- tural geography. Recent publications include articles in American Quarterly, ACME, Comparative American Studies, Cultural Geographies, Environment and Planning:A,GeographyCompass,andSocialandCulturalGeography. Michael Hoyler is Senior Lecturer in Human Geography at Loughborough University, UK, and Associate Director of the GaWC Research Network. His research interests are in urban, economic and social geography with a focusonthetransformationofEuropeancitiesandmetropolitanregionsin contemporary globalization. He has published widely in the field of urban studies.Recentco-editedbooksincludeGlobalUrbanAnalysis(2011)andthe InternationalHandbookofGlobalizationandWorldCities(2012). x NotesonContributors Roger Keil is Professor and Director in the City Institute at York Univer- sity, USA, where he heads a seven-year international Major Collaborative ResearchInitiativeon‘GlobalSuburbanisms:Governance,LandandInfras- tructure in the 21st Century’. He was co-editor of the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (IJURR), co-editor of The Global City Reader (withNeilBrenner,2006)andofNetworkedDisease:EmergingInfectionsinthe GlobalCity(withS.HarrisAli,2008)andisaco-founderoftheInternational NetworkforUrbanResearchandAction(INURA). Oli Mould is Lecturer in Human Geography in the Department of Geog- raphy, Royal Holloway (University of London), UK, and was previously Lecturer in the School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, UK. His primary research interests lie at the intersection of con- temporary economic process, human creativity and urban life. This leads to studies of the creative and media industries, urban subcultural creativ- ity and theories of economic geography. His recent work has focused on therecentsurgein‘creativecity’urbanpoliciesincludingculturalquarters, mediacitiesandurbaninterventions.Hisstudieshavefocusedonanumber ofcitiesincludingLondon,TelAviv,IstanbulandSydney. David Murakami-Wood is Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair (Tier 2) in Surveillance Studies at the Department of Sociology, Queen’s University, Canada. He was previously Reader in Surveillance Studies in the Global Urban Research Unit at Newcastle University, UK, where he is now Visiting Fellow. He has been Visiting Professor in the Postgradu- ate Program in Urban Management at the Pontifical Catholic University of Parana,Curitiba,BrazilandVisitingFellowintheSchoolofSocialSciencesat Waseda University,Tokyo, Japan.He is the Editor-in-Chiefof Surveillance & Society. ChristofParnreiterisProfessorofEconomicGeographyattheUniversityof Hamburg,Germany,andAssociateDirectoroftheGlobalizationandWorld Cities research network. He holds a PhD in Economic History from the University of Vienna, Austria, and has been a Fellow at the Globalization ProjectattheUniversityofChicago,USA.Hehaspublishedextensivelyon global city formation, Mexico City and, more generally, on the economic geographyheritageoftheglobalcityparadigm. Peter Rimmer is Emeritus Professor in the School of Culture, History and LanguageattheAustralianNationalUniversity,whereheworksonaproject entitled Global + Local Logistics: Asian-Pacific Rim Perspectives. He was pre- viously editor of Australian Geographical Studies, Hanjin chair of Global
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