Global Change and Protected Areas

510 Pages·2003·27.273 MB·English

by  Alfred Becker, Harald Bugmann (auth.), Guido Visconti, Martin Beniston, Emilio D. Iannorelli, Diego Barba (eds.)

GLOBAL CHANGE AND PROTECTED AREAS
ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH
VOLUME 9
Editor-in-Chief
Martin Beniston, Institute of Geography, University of Fribourg, Perolles,
Switzerland
Editorial Advisory Board
B. Allen-Diaz, Department ESPM-Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley,
CA, U.S.A.
R.S. Bradley, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA,
U.S.A.
W. Cramer, Department of Global Change and Natural S ystems, Potsdam Institute for Cli-
mate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.
H.F. Diaz, NOAA/ERL/CDC, Boulder, CO, U.S.A.
S. Erkman, Institute for Communication and Analysis of Science and Technology – ICAST,
Geneva, Switzerland.
M. Lal, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
U. Luterbacher, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland.
I. Noble, CRC for Greehouse Accounting and Research School of Biological Sciences,
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
L. Tessier, Institut Mediterranéen d’Ecologie et Paléoécologie, Marseille, France.
F. Toth, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.
M.M. Verstraete, Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA),
Italy.
The titles in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
GLOBAL CHANGE
AND PROTECTED AREAS
Edited by
Guido Visconti
Department of Physics,
University of L’Aquila, L‘Aquila, Italy
Martin Beniston
University of Fribourg,
Fribourg, Switzerland
Emilio D. Iannorelli
Regione Abruzzo, L‘Aquila, Italy
and
Diego Barba
Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico d’Abruzzo,
L’Aquila, Italy
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Contents
Contributors XIII
Acknowledgements XVII
SECTION 1: CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 1
Global change and mountain regions - an IGBP initiative for collaborative
research 3
A. Becker, H. Bugmann.
Climate variations in Italy in the last 130 years 11
M. Brunetti, L. Buffoni, F. Mangianti, M. Maugeri, T. Nanni
Dendroclimatic information on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the northern
Appennines 19
M. Brunetti, D. Gambetti, G. Lo Vecchio, T. Nanni
Trends in high frequency precipitation variability in some northern Italy
secular stations 29
M. Brunetti, L. Buffoni, M. Maugeri, T. Nanni
Climate change experiments on a glacier foreland in the Central Alps 37
B. Erschbamer
VI Contents
High mountain summits as sensitive indicators of climate change effects on
vegetation patterns: the “Multi Summit-Approach” of GLORIA
(Global Observation Reserach Initiative in Alpine Environments) 45
H. Pauli, M. Gottfried, K. Reiter, G. Grabherr
Temperature and precipitation trends in Italy during the last century 53
E. Piervitali, M. Colacino
Climate and other sources of change in the St. Elias region 61
D.S. Slocombe
Permafrost and climate in Europe: climate change, mountain permafrost
degradation and geotechnical hazard 71
C. Harris, D. Vonder Muhll
Thermal variations of mountain permafrost: an example of measurements
since 1987 in the Swiss Alps 83
D. Vonder Muhll
Climate change and air quality assessment in Canadian National Parks 97
D. Welch
Regional clean air partnerships and the ETEAM 109
E.R. Hauge
Land-Atmosphere interactions 119
R.A. Pielke, T. Chase, J. Eastman, L. Lu, G. Liston, M.B. Coughenour,
D. Ojima, W.J. Parton and T.G.F. Kittel
Uncertainties in the prediction of regional climate change 127
F. Giorgi, R. Francisco
Contents VII
Gamma-ray spectrometer for “in situ” measurements on glaciers and
snowfields 141
A. Balerna, E. Bernieri, M. Chiti, U. Denni, A. Esposito, A. Frani
Cs-137 Gamma peak detection in snow layers on Calderone glacier 147
A. Balerna, E. Bernieri, A. Esposito, M. Pecci, C. Smiraglia
SECTION 2: IMPACT ON THE BIOSPHERE AND HYDROLOGY
153
The Effects of global warming on mountain regions: a summary of the
1995 report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change 155
M. Beniston
Global change in respect to tendency to acidification of subarctic mountain
lakes 187
V. Dauvalter, T. Moiseenko, L. Kagan
Influence of climate, species immigration, fire, and men on forest dynamics
in northern Italy, from 6000 cal. BP to today 195
T. Mathis, F. Keller, A. Mohl, Lucia Wick, Heike Lischke
Koenigia Islandica (Iceland Purslane) – A case study of a potential
indicator of climate change in the UK 209
B. Meatyard
Semi-objective sampling strategies as one basis for a vegetation survey 219
K. Reiter, K. Hulber, G. Grabherr
Simulating the impact of climate change on drought in Swiss forest stands
229
B. Zierl
VIII Contents
Forecasted stability of Mediterranean evergreen species considering global
change 245
L. Gratani, A. Bombelli
Birds as bio-indicators of long-transported lead in the alpine environment
253
M. Janiga
Annual estimations of ecophysiological parameters and biogenic volatile
compounds (BVOCs) emissions in Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck 261
F. Manes, E. Donato, V. Silli, M. Vitale
A multiscale study to analyse the response of vegetation to climatic
conditions, 271
F. Manes, C. Blasi, S. Anselmi, M. Giannini
Phytotoxic ozone effect on selected plant species in a standardized
experimental design 281
F. Manes, F. Capogna, M.A. Giannini, V. Silli
Plant invasions in central european middle-mountains: a result of global
change? 289
L. Soukupova
Can testate amoebae (Protozoa) and other micro-organisms help to
overcome biogeographic bias in large scale global change research?
301
E.A.D. Mitchell, D. Gilbert, A. Butler, Ph. Grosvernier, C. Albinsson, H.
Rydin, M.M.P.D. Heijmans, M.R. Hoosbeek, A. Greenup, J. Foot, T.
Saarinen, H. Vasander, J.M. Gobat
Contents IX
Effects of elevated atmospheric and mineral nitrogen deposition on litter
quality,bioleaching and decomposition in a Sphagnum Peat Bog 311
A. Siegenthaler, E. van der Heijden, E.A.D. Mitchell, A. Buttler, Ph.
Grosvernier, J.M. Gobat
Analysis of the environmental impact caused by introduced animals in the
Clarion Island, Archipelago of Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico 323
P. Mendez-Guardado
High mountain environment as indicator of global change 331
G. Grabherr, M. Gottfried, H. Pauli
Effects of elevated and nitrogen deposition on natural regeneration
processes of cut-over ombrotrophic peat bogs in the Swiss Jura
mountains 347
Ph. Grosvernier, E.A.D. Mitchell, A. Buttler, J.M. Gobat
SECTION 3: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS 357
Economic evaluation of Italian parks and natural areas 359
S. Notaro, G. Signorello
Environmental and human impact on coastal and marine protected areas in
India 373
R. Krishnamoorthy, J. Devasenapathy, M. Thanikachalam, S.
Ramachandran
Past climate change and the generation and persistence of species richness
in a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Flora of South Africa 393
G. Midgley, R. Roberts
The world network of biosphere reserves: a flexible structure for
understanding and responding to global change 403
M Price
X Contents
The role of a global protected areas system in conserving biodiversity in the
face of climate change 413
L. Hannah
SECTION 4: THE ABRUZZI PARKS: A CASE STUDY 423
The strong reduction phase of the Calderone glacier during the last two
centuries: reconstruction of the variation and of the possible scenarios
with GIS technologies 425
L. D'Alessandro, M. D'Orefice, M. Pecci, C. Smiraglia, R. Ventura
Digital geomorphologic cartography of the top area of the Gran Sasso
d'Italia mountain group (Central Appenine, Italy) 435
L. D'Alessandro, M. D'Orefice, M. Pecci, R. Ventura
The late pleistocene and holocene temporary lakes in the Abruzzo parks
and the Central Appennines 445
C. Giraudi
The travertine deposits of the upper Pescara valley (Central Abruzzi, Italy):
a clue for the reconstruction of the late Quaternary
Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the area 459
M. Lombardo, G. Calderoni, L. D'Alessandro, E. Miccadei
The protected areas system for the conservation and for an eco-compatible
development of the territory: The Maiella National Park 465
G. Cavuta
Environmental protection an social protection: The Sirente-Velino Regional
Park 475
M. Fuschi