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Glencoe Writer's Choice: Grammar and Composition Grade 7 PDF

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Grammar and Composition Grade 7 GLENCOE interactive student edition ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is given authors,publishers,photographers,museums,and agents for permission to reprint the following copyrighted material.Every effort has been made to determine copyright owners.In case of any omissions,the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable acknowledgments in future editions. Acknowledgments continued on page 830. The Standardized Test Practice pages in this book were written by The Princeton Review,the nation’s leader in test preparation. Through its association with McGraw-Hill,The Princeton Review offers the best way to help students excel on standardized assessments. The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University or Educational Testing Service. The Facing the Blank Page feature in this book was prepared in collaboration with the writers and editors of Time magazine. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of the McGraw-Hill Companies Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE/MCGRAW-HILL 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN 0-02-818148-4 (Student Edition) ISBN 0-07-822654-6 (Teacher’s Wraparound Edition) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 043/071 05 04 03 02 01 iii PROGRAM CONSULTANTS Mark Lester is Professor of English at Eastern Washington University.He formerly served as Chair of the Department of English as a Second Language,University of Hawaii.He is the author of Grammar in the Classroom (Macmillan,1990) and of numerous other professional books and articles. Sharon O’Neal is Assistant Professor at the College of Education,Southwest Texas State University,where she teaches courses in reading instruction.She formerly served as Director of Reading and Language Arts of the Texas Education Agency and has authored,and contributed to,numerous articles and books on reading instruction and teacher education. Jacqueline Jones Royster is Associate Professor of English at The Ohio State University. She is also on the faculty at the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College in Middlebury,Vermont.In addition to the teaching of writing,Dr.Royster’s professional interests include the rhetorical history of African American women and the social and cultural implications of literate practices. Jeffrey Wilhelm, a former English and reading teacher,is currently an assistant professor at the University of Maine,where he teaches courses in middle and secondary level literacy. Author of several books and articles on the teaching of reading and the use of technology, he also works with local schools as part of the Adolescent Literacy Project. Denny Wolfe, a former high school English teacher and department chair,is Professor of English Education,Director of the Tidewater Virginia Writing Project,and Director of the Center for Urban Education at Old Dominion University in Norfolk,Virginia.Author of more than seventy-five articles and books on teaching English,Dr.Wolfe is a frequent consultant to schools and colleges on the teaching of English language arts. iv Advisors Educational Reviewers Philip M. Anderson Associate Professor of Secondary Education and Youth Services,and Director,English Education Program Queens College, City University of New York Beverly Ann Chin Professor of English and Co-Director,English Teaching Program University of Montana Charleen Silva Delfino District English Coordinator East Side Union High School District San Jose,California Director,Writing Project San Jose University Ronne Hartfield Executive Director of Museum Education Art Institute of Chicago Toni Elaine Allison Meridian Middle School Meridian,Idaho Janice Brown Houston ISD Houston,Texas Amy Burton Sterling Middle School Fairfax,Virginia Mary-Ann Evans-Patrick University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh Oshkosh,Wisconsin Marie Hammerle Oak Creek Elementary School Cornville,Arizona Randy Hanson Maplewood Middle School Menasha,Wisconsin Geraldine Jackson Mountain Gap Middle School Huntsville,Alabama Jeanne Kruger Blair Middle School Norfolk,Virginia Diana McNeil Pillans Middle School Mobile,Alabama Linda Miller Lake Travis Middle School Austin,Texas Nadine Mouser St.Thomas More School Houston,Texas Roslyn Newman Woodland Middle School East Meadow,New York Evelyn Niles Boys and Girls High School Brooklyn,New York Kathleen Oldfield Main Street School Waterloo,New York Janet E. Ring Dundee School District 300 Carpentersville,Illinois Student Advisory Board The Student Advisory Board was formed in an effort to ensure student involvement in the development of Writer’s Choice. The editors wish to thank members of the board for their enthusiasm and dedication to the project.The editors also wish to thank the many student writers whose models appear in this book. iv Part 2 Grammar,Usage,and Mechanics Unit 8 Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences . . . . . . . . 356 Unit 9 Nouns . . . . . . . . . 378 Unit 10 Verbs . . . . . . . . . 398 Unit 11 Pronouns . . . . . . . . 428 Unit 12 Adjectives and Adverbs . . . 450 Unit 13 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections . . . . . . . 478 Unit 14 Clauses and Complex Sentences 500 Unit 15 Verbals . . . . . . . . . 520 Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . 534 Unit 17 Glossary of Special Usage Problems. . . . . . 552 Unit 18 Diagraming Sentences . . . 562 Unit 19 Capitalization . . . . . . 572 Unit 20 Punctuation . . . . . . . 588 Unit 21 Grammar Through Sentence Combining . . . . 618 B O O K O V E R V I E W Resources and Skills Part 3 Part 1 Composition Unit 1 Personal Writing. . . . . . . 2 Unit 2 The Writing Process . . . . . 40 Facing the Blank Page . . . . 97 Unit 3 Descriptive Writing. . . . . 108 Unit 4 Narrative Writing . . . . . 150 Unit 5 Expository Writing . . . . . 194 Unit 6 Persuasive Writing . . . . 256 Unit 7 Troubleshooter . . . . . . 304 Business and Technical Writing . . . . 328 Unit 22 Library and Reference Resources . . . . . . . . 630 Unit 23 Vocabulary and Spelling. . . 653 Unit 24 Study Skills . . . . . . . 684 Unit 25 Taking Tests . . . . . . . 705 Unit 26 Listening and Speaking . . . 742 Unit 27 Viewing and Representing . . 764 Unit 28 Electronic Resources . . . . 781 Writing and Language Glossary . . . 797 Spanish Glossary. . . . . . . . . 806 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . 830 v C O N T E N T S C O N T E N T S vi Personal Writing Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 “Come Dance by the Ocean” Song by Ella Jenkins Instruction and Practice 1.1 Writing About What’s Important to You . . . . . . . . 8 Write a Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 1.2 Collecting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Write a Learning Log;Viewing and Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link 1.3 Writing to Celebrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Write an Invitation; Listening and Speaking; Spelling Hints; Grammar Link 1.4 Writing About Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Write About an Experience;Viewing and Representing; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link Writing About Literature 1.5 Responding to a Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Write a Letter; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link Writing Process in Action Personal Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Write about a special day in your life. • Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting from The Diary of Latoya Hunter by Latoya Hunter . . . . 32 Literature Model Literature Model 1 Part 1 Composition UNIT UNIT 1 UNIT UNIT 22 vii Linking Writing and Literature Exploring Latoya Hunter’s diary entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 The Writing Process Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . . 42 from“Smart, Cool and on the Air” Newspaper Feature by Maisha Maurant Instruction and Practice 2.1 Using the Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Write a Paragraph; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 2.2 Prewriting: Finding and Exploring a Topic . . . . . 50 Collect Topic Ideas; Listening and Speaking;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 2.3 Prewriting: Determining Purpose and Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Identify Purpose and Audience; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link 2.4 Prewriting: Ordering Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Make a Plan for Your Writing;Viewing and Representing; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 2.5 Drafting: Getting It in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Write a Draft;Viewing and Representing; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 2.6 Revising: Evaluating a Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Evaluate a Draft; Cross-Curricular Activity; Using Computers; Grammar Link 2.7 Revising: Making Paragraphs Effective . . . . . . . 70 Revise for Effective Paragraph; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link UNIT UNIT 11 Review Review viii 2.8 Revising: Creating Sentence Variety . . . . . . . . . 74 Vary Sentence Lengths; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 2.9 Editing/Proofreading: Making Final Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Edit Your Writing; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 2.10 Publishing/Presenting: Sharing Your Writing . . 82 Present Your Writing; Using Computers;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link Writing Process in Action Writing Process Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Write a brief profile of a courageous person. • Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting from The Clay Marble by Minfong Ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Linking Writing and Literature Analyzing Minfong Ho’s approach to storytelling . . . . . . . . . 95 Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Facing the Blank Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Writing for TIME• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting UNIT UNIT 22 Review Review Literature Model Literature Model Descriptive Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . 110 from Song of the Gargoyle Fantasy by Zilpha Keatley Snyder Instruction and Practice 3.1 Writing to Show,Not Tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Write a Description of an Object; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 3.2 Combining Observation and Imagination . . . . 118 Write About an Imaginary Place;Viewing and Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link 3.3 Choosing Details to Create a Mood. . . . . . . . . . 122 Write a Descriptive Paragraph; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 3.4 Organizing Details in a Description . . . . . . . . . 126 Write a Painting Description;Viewing and Representing; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 3.5 Describing a Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Write a Character Description;Viewing and Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link Writing About Literature 3.6 Relating a Poem to Your Experience . . . . . . . . . 134 Write a Poem; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link Writing Process in Action Descriptive Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Write an article describing a place—real or imagined. • Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting from The Gathering by Virginia Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Linking Writing and Literature Examining Virginia Hamilton’s descriptive techniques . . . . . 148 Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 UNIT UNIT 33 Review Review Literature Model Literature Model ix UNIT UNIT 33 Narrative Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . 152 from“User Friendly” Short Story by T.Ernesto Bethancourt Instruction and Practice 4.1 Telling a Good Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Write a Children’s Story; Listening and Speaking; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 4.2 Exploring Story Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Write a Narrative Message; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link 4.3 Using Time Order in a Story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Write a Personal Narrative;Viewing and Representing; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 4.4 Writing Dialogue to Develop Characters. . . . . . 168 Write a Dialogue; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 4.5 Drafting a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Write a Tall Tale; Listening and Speaking;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 4.6 Evaluating a Story Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Write a Story Opening; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link Writing About Literature 4.7 Responding to a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Write a Response; Cross-Curricular Activity; Using Computers; Grammar Link Writing Process in Action Narrative Writing Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Write a story focusing on a special person. • Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting “A Huge Black Umbrella”by Majorie Agosin . . . . . . . . 188 Linking Writing and Literature Exploring Marjorie Agosin’s narrative techniques . . . . . . . . 192 Literature Model Literature Model UNIT UNIT 44 x Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Expository Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Wolf-eel Signs and Labels by Judy Rand Instruction and Practice 5.1 Giving Information and Explanations . . . . . . . 200 Write Procedures; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 5.2 Organizing Informative Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Write an Explanation; Using Computers;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 5.3 Writing About Similarities and Differences . . . 208 Write a Comparison-Contrast Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 5.4 Explaining How Something Works . . . . . . . . . . 212 Write an Explanation; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link 5.5 Identifying Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Write a Cause-and-Effect Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 5.6 Reports: Narrowing a Topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Choose and Narrow a Topic; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link 5.7 Reports: Turning to Helpful Sources. . . . . . . . . 224 Begin Your Research; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 5.8 Reports: Conducting an Interview . . . . . . . . . . 228 Conduct an Interview; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link UNIT UNIT 44 Review Review UNIT UNIT 55 xi xii 5.9 Reports: Organizing and Drafting . . . . . . . . . 232 Outline and Draft; Journal Writing Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 5.10 Reports: Revising and Presenting. . . . . . . . . . 236 Revise,Edit,and Share Your Report; Listening and Speaking;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link Writing About Literature 5.11 Comparing Two People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Write a Comparison-and-Contrast; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link Writing Process in Action Expository Writing Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Write a brochure about your community. • Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting from Living Treasure by Laurence Pringle . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Linking Writing and Literature Analyzing Laurence Pringle’s expository writing. . . . . . . . . 254 Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Persuasive Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Carson Delivers a Wake-up Call Persuasive Speech by Dr.Benjamin S.Carson Instruction and Practice 6.1 Using Persuasive Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Create a Poster; Cross-Curricular Activity;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 6.2 Forming an Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Write a Paragraph; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link UNIT UNIT 55 Review Review Literature Model Literature Model UNIT UNIT 66 6.3 Gathering Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Write a Proposal; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 6.4 Developing an Argument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Write an Editorial; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link 6.5 Polishing an Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Create a Leaflet; Using Computers;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link 6.6 Writing Publicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Write an Advertisement; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link 6.7 Writing a Letter of Complaint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Write a Complaint Letter; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link Writing About Literature 6.8 Writing a Movie Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Write a Review; Speaking and Listening;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link Writing Process in Action Persuasive Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Write a persuasive piece about America’s way of life. • Prewriting • Drafting • Revising • Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting xiii Kathy Jakobsen, Circus Parade, 1979 xiv “The Liberry”by Bel Kaufman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Linking Writing and Literature Examining Bel Kaufman’s persuasive techniques . . . . . . . . 302 Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Troubleshooter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Problems and Solutions 7.1 Sentence Fragment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 7.2 Run-on Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 7.3 Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . 310 7.4 Incorrect Verb Tense or Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 7.5 Incorrect Use of Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 7.6 Incorrect Use of Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 7.7 Incorrect Use of Commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 7.8 Incorrect Use of Apostrophes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 7.9 Incorrect Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Business and Technical Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Instruction and Practice Business Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Interviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Multimedia Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 UNIT UNIT 66 Review Review Literature Model Literature Model UNIT UNIT 77 xv Part 2 Grammar,Usage, and Mechanics UNIT UNIT99 xv Subjects,Predicates,and Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Instruction and Practice 8.1 Kinds of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 8.2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . 359 8.3 Subjects and Predicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 8.4 Identifying the Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 8.5 Compound Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . 365 8.6 Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . 367 Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 from Water Sky by Jean Craighead George Writing Application Sentence Types in Writing; Techniques with Sentence Types; Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Nouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Instruction and Practice 9.1 Kinds of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 9.2 Compound Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 9.3 Possessive Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 9.4 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and Contractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 9.5 Collective Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 9.6 Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Grammar Review Grammar Review Literature Model Literature Model Grammar Review Grammar Review UNIT UNIT88

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