Glencoe Writer's Choice: Grammar and Composition Grade 7

868 Pages·2000·39.25 MB·English

by  Glencoe McGraw-Hill

Grammar and Composition
Grade 7

GLENCOE

interactive student edition

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Grateful acknowledgment is given authors,publishers,photographers,museums,and agents for
permission to reprint the following copyrighted material.Every effort has been made to determine
copyright owners.In case of any omissions,the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable
acknowledgments in future editions.

Acknowledgments continued on page 830.

The Standardized Test Practice pages in this book were written by
The Princeton Review,the nation’s leader in test preparation.
Through its association with McGraw-Hill,The Princeton Review
offers the best way to help students excel on standardized assessments.

The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University or Educational Testing Service.

The Facing the Blank Page feature in this book was prepared in collaboration
with the writers and editors of Time magazine.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
A Division of the McGraw-Hill Companies

Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted
under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or distributed in any form or means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of the publisher.

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Send all inquiries to:
GLENCOE/MCGRAW-HILL
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027

ISBN 0-02-818148-4
(Student Edition)
ISBN 0-07-822654-6
(Teacher’s Wraparound Edition)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 043/071 05 04 03 02 01

iii

PROGRAM CONSULTANTS

Mark Lester is Professor of English at Eastern Washington University.He formerly served
as Chair of the Department of English as a Second Language,University of Hawaii.He is the
author of Grammar in the Classroom (Macmillan,1990) and of numerous other professional
books and articles.

Sharon O’Neal is Assistant Professor at the College of Education,Southwest Texas State
University,where she teaches courses in reading instruction.She formerly served as Director
of Reading and Language Arts of the Texas Education Agency and has authored,and
contributed to,numerous articles and books on reading instruction and teacher education.

Jacqueline Jones Royster is Associate Professor of English at The Ohio State University.
She is also on the faculty at the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College in
Middlebury,Vermont.In addition to the teaching of writing,Dr.Royster’s professional
interests include the rhetorical history of African American women and the social and
cultural implications of literate practices.

Jeffrey Wilhelm, a former English and reading teacher,is currently an assistant professor
at the University of Maine,where he teaches courses in middle and secondary level literacy.
Author of several books and articles on the teaching of reading and the use of technology,
he also works with local schools as part of the Adolescent Literacy Project.

Denny Wolfe, a former high school English teacher and department chair,is Professor of
English Education,Director of the Tidewater Virginia Writing Project,and Director of the
Center for Urban Education at Old Dominion University in Norfolk,Virginia.Author of more
than seventy-five articles and books on teaching English,Dr.Wolfe is a frequent consultant
to schools and colleges on the teaching of English language arts.

iv

Advisors

Educational Reviewers

Philip M. Anderson
Associate Professor of
Secondary Education and
Youth Services,and
Director,English
Education Program
Queens College,
City University of New York

Beverly Ann Chin
Professor of English and
Co-Director,English
Teaching Program
University of Montana

Charleen Silva Delfino
District English Coordinator
East Side Union High School
District
San Jose,California
Director,Writing Project
San Jose University

Ronne Hartfield
Executive Director of
Museum Education
Art Institute of Chicago

Toni Elaine Allison
Meridian Middle School
Meridian,Idaho

Janice Brown
Houston ISD
Houston,Texas

Amy Burton
Sterling Middle School
Fairfax,Virginia

Mary-Ann Evans-Patrick
University of Wisconsin,
Oshkosh
Oshkosh,Wisconsin

Marie Hammerle
Oak Creek Elementary
School
Cornville,Arizona

Randy Hanson
Maplewood Middle School
Menasha,Wisconsin

Geraldine Jackson
Mountain Gap Middle School
Huntsville,Alabama

Jeanne Kruger
Blair Middle School
Norfolk,Virginia

Diana McNeil
Pillans Middle School
Mobile,Alabama

Linda Miller
Lake Travis Middle School
Austin,Texas

Nadine Mouser
St.Thomas More School
Houston,Texas

Roslyn Newman
Woodland Middle School
East Meadow,New York

Evelyn Niles
Boys and Girls High School
Brooklyn,New York

Kathleen Oldfield
Main Street School
Waterloo,New York

Janet E. Ring
Dundee School District 300
Carpentersville,Illinois

Student Advisory Board

The Student Advisory Board was formed in an effort to ensure student involvement in the development of
Writer’s Choice. The editors wish to thank members of the board for their enthusiasm and dedication to the
project.The editors also wish to thank the many student writers whose models appear in this book.

iv

Part 2
Grammar,Usage,and Mechanics

Unit 8 Subjects, Predicates, and
Sentences . . . . . . . . 356

Unit 9
Nouns . . . . . . . . . 378

Unit 10 Verbs
. . . . . . . . . 398

Unit 11 Pronouns . . . . . . . . 428

Unit 12 Adjectives and Adverbs . . . 450

Unit 13 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and
Interjections . . . . . . . 478

Unit 14 Clauses and Complex Sentences
500

Unit 15 Verbals . . . . . . . . . 520

Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . 534

Unit 17 Glossary of Special
Usage Problems. . . . . . 552

Unit 18 Diagraming Sentences
. . . 562

Unit 19 Capitalization
. . . . . . 572

Unit 20 Punctuation . . . . . . . 588

Unit 21 Grammar Through
Sentence Combining . . . . 618

B O O K O V E R V I E W

Resources and Skills
Part 3

Part 1 Composition

Unit 1
Personal Writing. . . . . . . 2

Unit 2
The Writing Process . . . . . 40

Facing the Blank Page . . . . 97

Unit 3 Descriptive Writing. . . . . 108

Unit 4 Narrative Writing . . . . . 150

Unit 5
Expository Writing . . . . . 194

Unit 6
Persuasive Writing
. . . . 256

Unit 7
Troubleshooter . . . . . . 304

Business and Technical Writing
. . . . 328

Unit 22 Library and Reference

Resources . . . . . . . . 630

Unit 23 Vocabulary and Spelling. . . 653

Unit 24 Study Skills
. . . . . . . 684

Unit 25 Taking Tests . . . . . . . 705

Unit 26 Listening and Speaking . . . 742

Unit 27 Viewing and Representing . . 764

Unit 28 Electronic Resources . . . . 781

Writing and Language Glossary
. . . 797

Spanish Glossary. . . . . . . . . 806

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . 830
v

C O N T E N T S
C O N T E N T S

vi

Personal Writing

Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
“Come Dance by the Ocean”
Song by Ella Jenkins

Instruction and Practice
1.1 Writing About What’s Important to You . . . . . . . . 8
Write a Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening
and Speaking; Grammar Link

1.2 Collecting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Write a Learning Log;Viewing and Representing;
Using Computers; Grammar Link

1.3 Writing to Celebrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Write an Invitation; Listening and Speaking;
Spelling Hints; Grammar Link

1.4 Writing About Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Write About an Experience;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

Writing About Literature
1.5 Responding to a Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Write a Letter; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers;
Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action
Personal Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Write about a special day in your life.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

from The Diary of Latoya Hunter by Latoya Hunter . . . . 32
Literature Model
Literature Model

1

Part 1 Composition

UNIT
UNIT
1

UNIT
UNIT
22

vii

Linking Writing and Literature
Exploring Latoya Hunter’s diary entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Reflecting on the Unit

Adding to Your Portfolio

Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

The Writing Process

Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . . 42

from“Smart, Cool and on the Air”
Newspaper Feature by Maisha Maurant

Instruction and Practice
2.1 Using the Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Write a Paragraph; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

2.2 Prewriting: Finding and Exploring a Topic . . . . . 50
Collect Topic Ideas; Listening and Speaking;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link

2.3 Prewriting: Determining Purpose
and Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Identify Purpose and Audience; Listening and
Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link

2.4 Prewriting: Ordering Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Make a Plan for Your Writing;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

2.5 Drafting: Getting It in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Write a Draft;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

2.6 Revising: Evaluating a Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Evaluate a Draft; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Using Computers; Grammar Link

2.7 Revising: Making Paragraphs Effective . . . . . . . 70
Revise for Effective Paragraph; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

UNIT
UNIT 11 Review
Review

viii

2.8 Revising: Creating Sentence Variety . . . . . . . . . 74
Vary Sentence Lengths; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

2.9 Editing/Proofreading: Making
Final Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Edit Your Writing; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

2.10 Publishing/Presenting: Sharing Your Writing . . 82
Present Your Writing; Using Computers;Viewing and
Representing; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action
Writing Process Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Write a brief profile of a courageous person.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

from The Clay Marble by Minfong Ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Linking Writing and Literature
Analyzing Minfong Ho’s approach to storytelling . . . . . . . . . 95

Reflecting on the Unit

Adding to Your Portfolio

Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Facing the Blank Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Writing for TIME• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

UNIT
UNIT 22 Review
Review

Literature Model
Literature Model

Descriptive Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . 110

from Song of the Gargoyle
Fantasy by Zilpha Keatley Snyder

Instruction and Practice
3.1 Writing to Show,Not Tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Write a Description of an Object; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

3.2 Combining Observation and Imagination . . . . 118
Write About an Imaginary Place;Viewing and
Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link

3.3 Choosing Details to Create a Mood. . . . . . . . . . 122
Write a Descriptive Paragraph; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

3.4 Organizing Details in a Description . . . . . . . . . 126
Write a Painting Description;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

3.5 Describing a Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Write a Character Description;Viewing and
Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link

Writing About Literature
3.6 Relating a Poem to Your Experience . . . . . . . . . 134
Write a Poem; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action
Descriptive Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Write an article describing a place—real or imagined.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

from The Gathering by Virginia Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Linking Writing and Literature
Examining Virginia Hamilton’s descriptive techniques . . . . . 148

Reflecting on the Unit

Adding to Your Portfolio

Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

UNIT
UNIT 33 Review
Review

Literature Model
Literature Model

ix

UNIT
UNIT
33

Narrative Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . 152

from“User Friendly”
Short Story by T.Ernesto Bethancourt

Instruction and Practice
4.1 Telling a Good Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Write a Children’s Story; Listening and Speaking;
Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

4.2 Exploring Story Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Write a Narrative Message; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers; Grammar Link

4.3 Using Time Order in a Story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Write a Personal Narrative;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

4.4 Writing Dialogue to Develop Characters. . . . . . 168
Write a Dialogue; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

4.5 Drafting a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Write a Tall Tale; Listening and Speaking;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link

4.6 Evaluating a Story Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Write a Story Opening; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Writing About Literature
4.7 Responding to a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Write a Response; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Using Computers; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action
Narrative Writing Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Write a story focusing on a special person.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

“A Huge Black Umbrella”by Majorie Agosin . . . . . . . . 188

Linking Writing and Literature
Exploring Marjorie Agosin’s narrative techniques . . . . . . . . 192

Literature Model
Literature Model

UNIT
UNIT
44

x

Reflecting on the Unit

Adding to Your Portfolio

Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Expository Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Wolf-eel
Signs and Labels by Judy Rand

Instruction and Practice
5.1 Giving Information and Explanations . . . . . . . 200
Write Procedures; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

5.2 Organizing Informative Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Write an Explanation; Using Computers;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link

5.3 Writing About Similarities and Differences . . . 208
Write a Comparison-Contrast Letter; Cross-Curricular
Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

5.4 Explaining How Something Works . . . . . . . . . . 212
Write an Explanation; Listening and Speaking; Using
Computers; Grammar Link

5.5 Identifying Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Write a Cause-and-Effect Letter; Cross-Curricular
Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

5.6 Reports: Narrowing a Topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Choose and Narrow a Topic; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers; Grammar Link

5.7 Reports: Turning to Helpful Sources. . . . . . . . . 224
Begin Your Research; Using Computers; Listening and
Speaking; Grammar Link

5.8 Reports: Conducting an Interview . . . . . . . . . . 228
Conduct an Interview; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

UNIT
UNIT 44 Review
Review

UNIT
UNIT
55

xi

xii

5.9 Reports: Organizing and Drafting . . . . . . . . . 232
Outline and Draft; Journal Writing Activity;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

5.10 Reports: Revising and Presenting. . . . . . . . . . 236
Revise,Edit,and Share Your Report; Listening and
Speaking;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Writing About Literature
5.11 Comparing Two People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Write a Comparison-and-Contrast; Listening and
Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action
Expository Writing Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Write a brochure about your community.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

from Living Treasure by Laurence Pringle . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Linking Writing and Literature
Analyzing Laurence Pringle’s expository writing. . . . . . . . . 254

Reflecting on the Unit

Adding to Your Portfolio

Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Persuasive Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Carson Delivers a Wake-up Call
Persuasive Speech by Dr.Benjamin S.Carson

Instruction and Practice
6.1 Using Persuasive Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Create a Poster; Cross-Curricular Activity;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link

6.2 Forming an Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Write a Paragraph; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

UNIT
UNIT 55 Review
Review

Literature Model
Literature Model

UNIT
UNIT
66

6.3 Gathering Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Write a Proposal; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

6.4 Developing an Argument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Write an Editorial; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

6.5 Polishing an Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Create a Leaflet; Using Computers;Viewing and
Representing; Grammar Link

6.6 Writing Publicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Write an Advertisement; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

6.7 Writing a Letter of Complaint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Write a Complaint Letter; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Writing About Literature
6.8 Writing a Movie Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Write a Review; Speaking and Listening;Viewing and
Representing; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action
Persuasive Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Write a persuasive piece about America’s way of life.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting

xiii

Kathy Jakobsen, Circus Parade, 1979

xiv

“The Liberry”by Bel Kaufman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Linking Writing and Literature
Examining Bel Kaufman’s persuasive techniques . . . . . . . . 302

Reflecting on the Unit

Adding to Your Portfolio

Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Troubleshooter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Problems and Solutions
7.1 Sentence Fragment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

7.2 Run-on Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

7.3 Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . 310

7.4 Incorrect Verb Tense or Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

7.5 Incorrect Use of Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

7.6 Incorrect Use of Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

7.7 Incorrect Use of Commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

7.8 Incorrect Use of Apostrophes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

7.9 Incorrect Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Business and Technical Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Instruction and Practice
Business Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Interviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Multimedia Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

UNIT
UNIT 66 Review
Review

Literature Model
Literature Model

UNIT
UNIT
77

xv

Part 2 Grammar,Usage,
and Mechanics

UNIT
UNIT99

xv

Subjects,Predicates,and Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Instruction and Practice
8.1 Kinds of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

8.2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . 359

8.3 Subjects and Predicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

8.4 Identifying the Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

8.5 Compound Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . 365

8.6 Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . 367
Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

from Water Sky by Jean Craighead George

Writing Application
Sentence Types in Writing; Techniques with Sentence Types;
Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Nouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Instruction and Practice
9.1 Kinds of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

9.2 Compound Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

9.3 Possessive Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

9.4 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and
Contractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

9.5 Collective Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

9.6 Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Grammar Review
Grammar Review

Literature Model
Literature Model

Grammar Review
Grammar Review

UNIT
UNIT88