Glaucoma - Current Clinical and Research Aspects

388 Pages·2011·25.458 MB·English

by  P. Gunvant

GLAUCOMA –
CURRENT CLINICAL
AND RESEARCH ASPECTS

Edited by Pinakin Gunvant
Glaucoma – Current Clinical and Research Aspects
Edited by Pinakin Gunvant

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Petra Zobic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Yuri Arcurs, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published October, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Glaucoma – Current Clinical and Research Aspects, Edited by Pinakin Gunvant
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-263-0
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Basic Science Research in
Understanding Pathogenesis in Glaucoma 1
Chapter 1 Oxidative Stress in Anterior
Segment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma 3
Sergio C. Saccà and Alberto Izzotti
Chapter 2 Manipulating Glia to Protect
Retinal Ganglion Cells in Glaucoma 25
Denise M. Inman, Caroline B. Lupien
and Philip J. Horner
Chapter 3 Role of the Matrix Metallo-Proteinases in the Cellular
Re-Modeling in a Glaucoma Model System in Rat 51
Claudio De Seta, Nicola Calandrella, Valerio Berardi,
Antonio Mazzarelli, Gianfranco Scarsella
and Gianfranco Risuleo
Chapter 4 Systemic C-Reactive Protein Levels
in Normal-Tension Glaucoma and
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma 63
Wei-Wen Su and Shih-Tsung Cheng
Chapter 5 Molecular Analysis of Italian
Patients with Congenital Glaucoma 71
Italo Giuffre’
Part 2 Review of Evidence in
Clinical Management of Glaucoma 83
Chapter 6 Tonometry – Past, Present and Future 85
Elliot M. Kirstein, Ahmed Elsheikh
and Pinakin Gunvant
VI Contents

Chapter 7 Clustered Trend-Type Analysis to Detect
Progression of Visual Field Defects in
Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma 109
Takeo Fukuchi, Takaiko Yoshino, Masaaki Seki,
Tetsuya Togano, Hideko Sawada and Haruki Abe
Chapter 8 Neovascular Glaucoma 127
Kurt Spiteri Cornish
Chapter 9 Current Diagnosis and Management
of Angle-Closure Glaucoma 145
Rafael Castañeda-Díez, Mariana Mayorquín-Ruiz,
Cynthia Esponda-Lamoglia and Oscar Albis-Donado
Part 3 Various Issues Related to Medical Therapy in Glaucoma 169
Chapter 10 Topical Pressure Lowering Drug:
Racial Respond Variation and Pharmacogenetics 171
Ahmad Tajudin Liza-Sharmini
Chapter 11 Pharmacogenomics of Open-Angle Glaucoma 187
Stephen G. Schwartz and Tomomi Higashide
Chapter 12 Drops, Drops, and More Drops 197
John Walt and Fern Alexander
Chapter 13 Pressure Lowering Medications 223
Liza-Sharmini Ahmad Tajudin
and Yaakub Azhany
Part 4 Review of Evidence in Using Lasers
in Management of Glaucoma 255
Chapter 14 Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty 257
Silvia Pignatto, Daniele Veritti,
Andrea Gabai and Paolo Lanzetta
Part 5 Various Surgical Aspects in Glaucoma 273
Chapter 15 Combined Approach to Coexisting Glaucoma
and Cataract: Choice of Surgical Techniques 275
Brig JKS Parihar, Lt Col Jaya Kaushik,
Surg Lt Cdr AS Parihar and Ashwini KS Parihar
Chapter 16 A Surgical Technique for Difficult Glaucoma Cases:
Combined Cyclectomy/Trabeculectomy 325
Kaya N. Engin and Günay Engin
Contents VII

Chapter 17 Glaucoma Surgery with Fugo Blade 337
Daljit Singh and Richard Fugo
Chapter 18 Secondary Glaucoma After Vitreoretinal Procedures 361
Lizette Mowatt

Preface

It is difficult to imagine how intellectually gifted individuals, like Leonardo da Vinci,
could demonstrate such mastery of so many subjects: art, mathematics and medicine.
Such comprehensive academic proficiency was uncommon in the 15th century, and
perhaps is even more rare today. It would be an understatement to say that we live in
an era where information is exploding at a rate faster than what can be assimilated.
This means that it is nearly impossible to be specialists in all areas and has, in turn,
produced “super specialists” in all fields––including medicine.
This book features a collection of articles authored by various researchers who are
super specialists in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. With such a
heterogeneous nature, you may even argue that glaucoma is not one disease, but a
group of diseases. A lot is already known about glaucoma, and a lot more has yet to be
determined. Likewise, what information we deem to be "fact" today may be
questioned and deconstructed by the thought leaders of tomorrow. But, that is the
beauty of science and research.
This book summarizes current literature about research and clinical science in
glaucoma. By no means is this a comprehensive guide to the subject; rather, it is more
of a synopsis and translation of the research conducted by individuals who are known
in each of their respective areas.
The book can be divided into two broad sections: basic science and clinical science.
The basic science section examines bench- and animal-modeling research in an attempt
to understand the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The clinical science section addresses
various diagnostic issues and the medical, laser and surgical techniques used in
glaucoma management. We hope that both clinicians and scientists find this work
useful and stimulating.
The e-book and open-access model provided by the publishers ensure that the
information in this book will be widely circulated and available to everyone who
wants to learn. This model echoes the words of Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore
who wrote the poem given below in his book Gitanjali about 100 years ago:
“Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free;
X Preface

Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls;
Where words come out from the depth of truth;
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action---
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.”
My sincere gratitude goes to Subba Gollamudi MD, Eye Specialty Group, Memphis
Tennessee; Shelly Gupta MD, faculty The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
Jasmine Yumori OD, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California. Their
expert opinion and assistance in reviewing parts of the book was invaluable.
Additionally, I would like to thank the managing editor, Ms. Petra Zobic and editorial
team manager Ms. Anna Nikolic for their assistance throughout the duration of this
project. Most importantly, thanks to all the contributing authors whose dedication to
research and the art of scientific knowledge dissemination has made this book a
reality.
This book is dedicated to
My dear parents Minaben and Gunvant Davey for all that they have done so I am here
today. My darling wife Payal for her care and continued support to my professional
career. My beloved Professors Daniel O’Leary and Edward Essock, whose teaching
laid the foundation of my research and understanding glaucoma

Dr. Pinakin Gunvant
Department of Research, Southern College of Optometry,
Adjunct Faculty University of Louisville,
Adjunct Faculty University of Memphis,
USA