Give Me Liberty!: An American History

769 Pages·2017·69.165 MB·English

by  Eric Foner

G I V E M E
L I B E R T Y !
AN AMERICAN HISTORY
SEAGULL FIFTH EDITION
Volume 1: To 1877
★ E R I C F O N E R ★
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W W NORTON & COMPANY
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NEW YORK LONDON
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POLITICAL MAP
of the WORLD Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean
ElIlselsamndere Franz Josef Land
Severnaya
Scale at equator Zemlya
0 750 1,500 miles
RUSCShIASueka0chi 750 1,500 kilometBeersaufort Sea AmundIBssealnan nkGsdulf VIiscltaonQrdiuaeeInsl aEnlidzasbeth BFaosxienBaffin Island BBaaffyin (GDreenemnlaarnkd) Denmark Strait J(aNno rMwaayNye)norSweeagian (SNvaolrbwaaryd) Barents Sea Novaya Zemlya Kara Sea Laptev Sea NewIs lSainbdesrian East SSeibaerian WrIaslnagnedl
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0 1,500 kilometers SoutIhsl aSnhdestland SIsolaunthds Orkney Southern Ocean
POLITICAL MAP
of the WORLD Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean
ElIlselsamndere Franz Josef Land
Severnaya
Scale at equator Zemlya
0 750 1,500 miles
RUSCShIASueka0chi 750 1,500 kilometBeersaufort Sea AmundIBssealnan nkGsdulf VIiscltaonQrdiuaeeInsl aEnlidzasbeth BFaosxienBaffin Island BBaaffyin (GDreenemnlaarnkd) Denmark Strait J(aNno rMwaayNye)norSweeagian S(Nvaolrbwaaryd) Barents Sea Novaya Zemlya Kara Sea Laptev Sea NewIs lSainbdesrian East SSeibaerian WrIaslnagnedl
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ASM60°OEURTIACHOAtlca3e0°natnic S670oO5°S°uS0c°tehaenrn 30° 60° N120°ORPOTaHccei1a5f0i°ncW 607°51N°8N0° 150°EASI1A20° ArchJiupaenla Fgeor n(aCnhdileez) CHISLaEntiago ARGEBNueTnoIsN AAiresURUMoGntUevAidYeo TGrriosutapn ( UD.aK .C)unha Cape Town AFRICA AuGBstirrgeahalttian Tasmania CanbeSryrad,n Ae.yC.T.TaSsemaZaEnNAELWAND NIsolarnthd
°091PO20°acceiafinc SoOuctehaeAnrNnTARCTICAIOncdeiaann120°°09 90°A60M°ERICAAtlanticOArcectainc EUROPE 60°90° FIsallaknladns d(U.K.) S o u t hGeorgia I(PEsSdrlioawn.nca Aderfdsrica) CrFAorneztenatcr hcIs tlSiacon uLdtashnedrsn (aFnr.d) KIselargnHM(udAeécsualDser.nod)n Iaslladn Idsl aanndds SouthernSIsolaunthd
150°W 180° 150°E 0 1,500 milesO30°cean 0° 30° Scotia Sea SSIsoalaunntdhdwsich Ocean
0 1,500 kilometers SoutIhsl aSnhdestland SIsolaunthds Orkney Southern Ocean
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Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005 by Eric Foner
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The Library of Congress has cataloged an earlier edition as follows:
Names: Foner, Eric, 1943– author.
Title: Give me liberty!: an American history / Eric Foner.
Description: Fifth edition. | New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2016 |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016018497 | ISBN 9780393283167 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: United S tates— History. | United S tates— Politics and
government. | Democracy— United States— History. | Liberty— History.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
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For my mother, Liza Foner (1909–2005),
an accomplished artist who lived through most of
the twentieth century and into the twenty- first
★
C O N T E N TS
★ ★

List of Maps, Tables, and Figures xii
About the Author xv
Preface xvi
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 ★ A NEW WORLD 1
The First Americans 3 ★ Indian Freedom, European
Freedom 12 ★ The Expansion of Europe 15 ★ Contact 18
★ The Spanish Empire 23 ★ The French and Dutch
Empires 34 ★ Voices of Freedom From Bartolomè de las Casas,
History of the Indies (1528), and From “Declaration of Josephe”
(December 19, 1681) ... 36
2 ★ BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH AMERICA, 1607–1660 46
England and the New World 48 ★ The Coming of the
English 53 ★ Settling the Chesapeake 57 ★ The New
England Way 65 ★ New Englanders Divided 72 ★ Voices of
Freedom From “The Trial of Anne Hutchinson” (1637), and From John
Winthrop, Speech to the Massachusetts General Court (July 3, 1645) ...
78 ★ Religion, Politics, and Freedom 83
3 ★ CREATING A NGLO-A MERICA, 1660–1750 89
Global Competition and the Expansion of England’s Empire 90
★ Origins of American Slavery 97 ★ Colonies in Crisis 105
★ The Growth of Colonial America 111 ★ Voices of Freedom
From Letter by a S wiss- German Immigrant to Pennsylvania (August 23,
1769), and From Memorial against N on- English Immigration
(December 1727) ... 118 ★ Social Classes in the Colonies 123
viii ★
4 ★ SLAVERY, FREEDOM, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR EMPIRE,
TO 1763
131
Slavery and Empire 134 ★ Slave Cultures and Slave
Resistance 143 ★ An Empire of Freedom 148 ★ The
Public Sphere 152 ★ The Great Awakening 160 ★ Imperial
Rivalries 163 ★ Battle for the Continent 168 ★ Voices of
Freedom From Scarouyady, Speech to Pennsylvania Provincial Council
(1756), and From Pontiac, Speeches (1762 and 1763) ... 174
5 ★ THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1763–1783 179
The Crisis Begins 180 ★ The Road to Revolution 189 ★
The Coming of Independence 193 ★ Voices of Freedom From
Samuel Seabury, an Alarm to the Legislature of the Province in N ew-
York (1775), and From Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776) ... 202 ★
Securing Independence 204
6 ★ THE REVOLUTION WITHIN 216
Democratizing Freedom 218 ★ Toward Religious
Toleration 223 ★ Defining Economic Freedom 228 ★ The
Limits of Liberty 232 ★ Slavery and the Revolution 237 ★
Daughters of Liberty 245 ★ Voices of Freedom From Abigail
Adams to John Adams, Braintree, Mass. (March 31, 1776), and From
Petitions of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature (1773 and 1777) ...
248
7 ★ FOUNDING A NATION, 1783–1791 253
America under the Confederation 255 ★ A New
Constitution 263 ★ The Ratification Debate and the Origin of
the Bill of Rights 270 ★ Voices of Freedom From David Ramsay,
The History of the American Revolution (1789), and From James
Winthrop, Anti- Federalist Essay Signed “Agrippa” (1787) ... 276 ★
“We the People” 279
8 ★ SECURING THE REPUBLIC, 1791–1815 288
Politics in an Age of Passion 289 ★ Voices of Freedom From Judith
Sargent Murray, “On the Equality of the Sexes” (1790), and From Address
CONTENTS ★ ix