GITANJALI REBORN GITANJALI REBORN William Radice’s Writings on Rabindranath Tagore Edited by MARTIN KÄMPCHEN Firstpublished2018 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2018selectionandeditorialmatter,MartinKämpchen;individual chapters,thecontributors;andSocialSciencePress TherightofMartinKämpchentobeidentifiedastheauthorofthe editorialmaterial,andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,has beenassertedinaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor reproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,or othermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including photocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrieval system,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationand explanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. PrinteditionnotforsaleinSouthAsia(India,SriLanka,Nepal, Bangladesh,Afghanistan,PakistanorBhutan). BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Acatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenrequested ISBN:978-1-138-09954-8(hbk) ISBN:978-1-315-14284-5(ebk) TypesetinAdobeGaramondPro byManmohanKumar,Delhi110035 To my dear wife Elizabeth, truest of guides. William Radice Contents Preface ix Bringing in the Harvest 1 The Genius of the Poet Tagore 13 Globetrotting with Rabindranath 25 Gitanjali Reborn, One Hundred Years Later:The Story of 38 a Discovery Painting the Dust and the Sunlight: Rabindranath Tagore 55 and the Two Gitanjalis Transplanting the Songs of Tagore 71 Master of Empathy: Probing the Genius of Rabindranath 82 On the Seashore of a Great Poem 95 What I Have Learnt from Tagore 103 The Possibilities and Problems of Tagore Translation 114 Rabindranath, Maker of Paths 119 The Balance of Complexity and Simplicity 128 Tagore before and after 1912 137 Tagore’s Sense of Rhythm 145 Tagore and Christianity 159 The Wakening of Shiva: Rabindranath Tagore’s 183 Spanish Incarnation viii CONTENTS The Teacher of Poetry and Life 198 Bengal’s Gifts to the World 210 Rabindranath Tagore: The Next Fifty Years 221 Photo Essay by Martin Kämpchen 237 Preface In the years 2011 to 2014, Rabindranath Tagore celebrated a global presence not seen since his lifetime while his popularity was at its peak. The reason was three major anniversaries which followed each other in quick succession: Tagore’s 150th birth anniversary in 2011, the 100th anniversary of the publication of the English Gitanjali in 2012, and the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in 2013. India and all countries connected with India globally felt obliged to make the best of this auspicious coincidence. Indeed, a multitude of conferences, seminars, festivals, performances were lined up. Rabindranath’s books were republished, translated, films produced and exhibitions of his paintings held all over the world. There were a few people—experts and lovers of Rabindranath Tagore—who were riding the crest of such enormous activity. One of them was William Radice. From 2010 to the later part of 2013 his presence in Tagore events became almost obligatory. He travelled through three continents tirelessly—Asia, Europe and America—to talk about his poet whom he had studied, translated, and lectured about, since four decades. Clearly, he became the western face of Tagore scholarship and of Tagore values. Like Rabindranath went around the world to spread the message of peace and international understanding in the years between the two World Wars, so William Radice travelled tirelessly to spread his love and fascination for Tagore. The same missionary enthusiasm! I believe, William did not refuse a single invitation if the dates did not clash. He is singularly equipped for such discipleship. He had learnt Bengali as a young man in London and started to read Rabindranath’s poems soon after being able to read Bengali at all. Being a poet