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CONTENTS N.Z. Nasrullaeva, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan GENDER CONCEPTS IN THE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS.......................................................3 I. Usachenko, Mykolayiv National University named after V.O. Suhomlinskiy, Ukraine REVISITING THE ISSUE OF PHONOSTYLES.............................................................................................................................5 O. Nazarenko, N. Prykhodko, Sumy State University, Ukraine COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC ORIENTATION OF PROPER NAMES IN THE ENGLISH FAIRY-TALE DISCOURSE...............9 O. Shumenko, Sumy State University, Ukraine DENUMERAL DERIVATION OF QUANTITATIVE UNITS IN ENGLISH.................................................................................13 O. Zhulavska, A. Piantkovska, Sumy State University, Ukraine MEANS OF VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF TERRORISM IN THE BRITISH NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE OF 2014............................................................................................................................................................................................16 I. Kobyakova, G. Chulanova, Sumy State University, Ukraine EXPRESSIVENESS OF BLURBS: SYNTACTIC LEVEL............................................................................................................19 D. Hamze, Plovdiv University named after Paisii Hilendarski, Bulgaria THE ROLE OF DEIXIS IN THE GROTESQUE GENESIS (on works of W. Gombrowich).........................................................23 A. Zalevskaya, Tver State University, Russia CERTAIN PECULIARITIES OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS DYNAMICS ACCELERATION..........................................................................................................33 V. Lee, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan ON HUMAN FACTOR INFLUENCE ON SEMANTIC PROCESSES IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM....................................38 O. Nazina, Orenburg Presidential Cadet School, Russia REPRESENTATION OF THE GLOBAL INNOVATIVE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SPACE IN THE MODERN CINEMA (BASED ON MATERIALS OF TRAILERS TEXTS)...................................................................43 L. Shutova, Luhansk National University named after Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine VERBALIZATION OF THE «BRUTALITY» CONCEPT IN VARIOUS DISCOURSES OF UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURES...........................................................................................................................................46 1 CONTENTS N.Z. Nasrullaeva, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan GENDER CONCEPTS IN THE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS.......................................................3 I. Usachenko, Mykolayiv National University named after V.O. Suhomlinskiy, Ukraine REVISITING THE ISSUE OF PHONOSTYLES.............................................................................................................................5 Назаренко Е., Приходько Н., Обуховская А., Сумской государственный университет, Украина КОГНИТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ОРИЕНТАЦИЯ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В ДИСКУРСЕ АНГЛИЙСКИХ СКАЗОК................................................................................................................................................................9 Шуменко О.А., Сумской государственный университет, Украина ДЕНУМЕРАЛЬНАЯ ДЕРИВАЦИЯ КВАНТИТАТИВНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ.......................................13 О. Жулавская, А. Пьянтковская, Сумской государственный университет, Украина СРЕДСТВА ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИИ КОНЦЕПТА «ТЕРРОРИЗМ» В БРИТАНСКОМ ГАЗЕТНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ ЗА 2014 ГОД....................................................................................................................................................................................16 I. Kobyakova, G. Chulanova, Sumy State University, Ukraine EXPRESSIVENESS OF BLURBS: SYNTACTIC LEVEL............................................................................................................19 Хамзе Д.Г., Пловдивски университет Паисий Хилендарски, Болгария РОЛЬ ДЕЙКСИСА В ГРОТЕСКОГЕНЕЗЕ (на материале творчества В. Гомбровича)...........................................................23 Залевская А.А., Тверской государственный университет, Россия НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ СИСТЕМ В СВЕТЕ УСКОРЕНИЯ ДИНАМИКИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ.............................................................................................................................................33 Ли В.С., Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, Казахстан О ВЛИЯНИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА НА СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ЯЗЫКОВОЙ СИСТЕМЕ.............................................................................................................................................................38 Назина О.В., Оренбургский государственный университет, Россия РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ КИНЕМАТОГРАФЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТЕКСТОВ ТРЕЙЛЕРОВ)......................43 Шутова Л.И., Луганский национальный университет им. Т. Шевченко, Украина ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «БРУТАЛЬНОСТЬ» В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ДИСКУРСАХ УКРАИНСКОЙ И РУССКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУР.................................................................................................................................................46 2 U.D.C. 42.318 GENDER CONCEPTS IN THE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS N.Z. Nasrullaeva, Candidate of Philology, Senior Scientifi c Researcher Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan The article investigates English phraseological units which have gender component in the structure and thus create gender stereotypes of man and woman on the material of English phraseology. Moreover, such notions as appearance, social status, age, intellectual abilities are analyzed as elements forming the gender concepts “man” and “woman”. Keywords: masculine, feminine, gender, stereotype, concept, social status, interrelation, positive mark, negative mark. Conference participant http://dx.doi.org/10.18007/gisap:ps.v0i9.1253 Gender investigations are becoming containers of gender concepts, as: 3. Character. more and more important in the naturally-physiological, physical- Pureness and innocence of young English linguistics. This has two main anatomic, psychological and intellectual, people are opened in these phraseological reasons: fi rst – English is the language appearance, character, roles depending units: as pure as a lily; as innocent as a of international communication, and on affi liation with the certain sex. new-born. second - it has no vivid expression of In gender representation of the In the English language the notion gender in all parts of speech as it occurs English society the concept of “Man” is “Woman” is also close to words “wife” in some other languages. Investigation based on such items as: braveness, career, and “maid”. The notion “Man” is of the gender factor makes it necessary prosperous life, taking care of women, presented only by one word “man”. to study the English phraseological units being father and equal right spouse. In the English language system and proverbs from the gender standpoint. Feminine notion takes such traits as: men need women; it’s obvious in the Gender stereotypes are essential social-biological functions of women, following proverb: “A man without a notions in gender investigation, and sexually-attractive appearance, age, woman is like a ship without a sail”. they are based on masculine and love, marriage, perfect wife, housewife, But men sometimes suffer from wicked feminine characteristics and ways of a good friend, independent woman, equal wives: “Three things drive a man out of their behavior. Gender stereotypes right partner. his house: smoke, dropping of rain and contain special qualities depending on An interesting fact is when words wicked wives”. affi liation with the certain biological sex. related to men are used for women - they Many English proverbs describing A language system focuses and refl ects bring positiveness, and vice versa when gender stereotypes compare masculine gender stereotypes of a defi nite culture. words related to women and used for and feminine notions, and feminine are The lexical and phraseological men - they give negative characteristics. often met with negative mark. levels are considered to be the brightest The gender notions of an English “Man, woman and devil are the three indicator of gender relations. They woman are a bit different because of the degrees of comparison” – this proverb describe exact positive and negative social process and the women’s success reminds of three degrees of comparison: experience of interrelation of men and in making career and leadership. Because bad – worse – the worst. As we see women in the society. That’s why every of changes in social roles, feminine women are worse than men. language contains cultural and national characteristics of English women are “Deeds are males, and words are peculiarities of people. Phraseological supplemented with confi dence, self- females” – we again can feel the hint on units and proverbs have the richest sureness, equal right spouse; masculine women’s chattering and wasting time. potential of such gender relations. characteristics of English men - with Another proverb proves this: “A sieve While analyzing the English father, taking care of children and will hold water better than a woman’s phraseological system from the husband, helping to his wife in household mouth a secret”. standpoint of gender linguistics, it should duties [1. p.54]. Though most of English proverbs be noted that it’s divided into two main English phraseological units perfectly characterize women as stupid and having groups: gender-marked and gender- refl ect a number of characteristics little mind, like “Women have long hair neutral. We are interested in the gender- belonging to men and women. and short brains”, there are still some marked ones which enlighten the notions of them which highly mark women’s “masculine” and “feminine” and all the 1. Appearance. intellect: “Women’s instinct is often associations connected with them. It’s the colour of face: red as a poppy; truer than men’s reasoning”. Or another The investigation of concepts “Man” turn red as a poppy; white as a lily. proverb – “Women on mischief are wiser and “Woman” was made from different than men”. angles: 2. Health. A number of proverbs give positive a) age gradation; If a person feels good, he/she has characteristics to women’s role of wife, b) social status; a fresh face: fresh as a rose, fresh as a mother and a housekeeper which make c) behavioral activity daisy; fresh as a fl ower; fresh as fl owers men more responsible for their family Moreover, there are also partial in May. [2.p.164]. “The wife is the key of the 3 house” – is a vivid example. Or “He Phraseological units describing the concepts of “Man” and “Woman”. that has a wife and children must not sit men’s appearance are met with both As the analysis has shown, women have with his fi ngers in his mouth. Men make positive and negative mark: bald as more negative characteristics th an men houses, women make homes”. a coot (negative), admiral of the red in the English phraseological system. Some proverbs describe women as (negative); blue-eyed boy (positive) [4]. self-assured and willful, having own Phraseological units showing men’s References: point of view. In this case men are lead character: (as) gentle as a lamb; mamma’s to negativeness: “The most masters wear darling; a heart of oak (=brave); a tough 1. Benor Sarah, Rose Mary, Sharma no breeches. Where the mistress is the nut (=strict, fi rm); of the bull-dog breed Devyani, Sweetland Julie and Zhang Qing master the parsley grows the faster”. (=strong); also ran (=unlucky); Jack (eds.). Under Construction: Gendered The role of a woman as a mother- among the maids (=women’s lover); wild Practices in Language. – Stanford., CSLI in-law has a strong negative mark and woolly (=awkward, rude) [4]. Publications, 2002. – 194 р. and leaves an impression of a wicked, In family the position of men is 2. Christie Christine. Gender capricious and gloomy woman: “She is higher; absence of it has negative mark: and Language: Towards a Feminist well married who has neither mother-in- John Thomson’s man (=man who is under Pragmatics. - Edinburgh., Edinburgh law nor sister-in-law by her”. “Happy is his wife’s shoe); like father, like a son. University Press, 2000. – 386 р. she who marries the son of dead mother”. There are some phraseological units 3. Concise Oxford Dictionary of Women are also depicted as partners which depict men’s various social status: Proverbs. – Oxford., Oxford University of the devil: “Women are the devil’s a back room boy - a good specialist, a Press, 1998. – 608 р. nets” [3]. Women take more care of their man of rank – a man of high position; a 4. The Kenkyusha Dictionary appearance than intelligence: “Women broken man – a bad man. Phraseological of Current English Idioms. - Tokyo are wacky, women are vain; they’d units describing men’s behavior: a rough Kenkyusha, 1993. – 990 p. rather be pretty than have a good brain”. customer, fi ghting cock. Men’s intellect There are few proverbs describing mostly has a positive mark in the English Information about author: men, most of them are related to phraseology: clever dog. appearance and relations with women. Thus, the English phraseological 1. Nafi sa Nasrullaeva - Candidate of As for the phraseological units, there are units and proverbs possess a rich potential Philology, Senior Scientifi c Researcher, many of them forming the concept of of masculine and feminine characteristic Samarkand State Institute of Foreign “Man”: ladies’ man, mother’s darling, and give basis to gender-related Languages; address: Uzbekistan, the master of one’s destiny (fate). investigation of national peculiarities of Samarkand city; e-mail: nafi [email protected] 4 REVISITING THE ISSUE OF PHONOSTYLES I. Usachenko, Lecturer Mykolayiv National University named after V.O. Suhomlinskiy, Ukraine The article actualizes different approaches to phonostylistic studies and analyses the problem of phonostyles differentiation. Keywords: phonostylistics, language style, speech style, phonostyle. Conference participant Участник конференции http://dx.doi.org/10.18007/gisap:ps.v0i9.1252 At the current stage of the linguistic are different sets of language means more accurately. Linguistic science science development, special depending on the limitations of their differentiates external and internal attention is paid to the issues of composition and varying concentrations, extralinguistic factors. External factors language functioning in the process as well as the intenseness of each contribute to generation of stylistic of communication, study of various particular style by the language means features which are the set of functional factors directing the language process typical only for it. Speech styles differ style qualitative features that should be and affecting the implementation of not only with the language means obtained by a language for the effective language means, structural linguistic composition and the concentration implementation of specifi c goals of features of styles and patterns of their specifi c to them, but also with the communication in a certain fi eld of implementation. varying degrees of language means speech communication. Phonostylistics is a relatively implementation, their repeatability and Many style features are natural for new branch of linguistics, one of the particular sequence of their use in a not just one, but several styles, and in all main objectives of which is to identify particular fi eld of communication [3, P. of them the same features have their own different phonetic modifi cations under 9]. Thus, the speech stylistics is aimed specifi city, their functional and stylistic the infl uence of extralinguistic factors, at examining the aspects of variability of quality. This fact is determined by the although the references to the role of pronunciation, i.e. studying the stylistic differences of language means and the phonetic means in utterances styling can forms of a word developed by the ways of their implementation, differences be found in numerous studies. variability of phonemes. in target and functional focus, as well as Traditionally the linguistic science Phonostyles cannot stand separately the specifi city of the styles [5]. divides phonostylistics into segmental from functional styles. In the stylistic Y.M. Screbnev names the situation- and suprasegmental depending on the differentiation of speech phonetic means based nature of the speech act (offi cial aspect under study, i.e. sounds or speech can be basic ones, but they can also or not, solemn or casual, etc.), relation prosody accordingly. Phonetic studies of correlate with lexical and grammatical of the speaker to the speech recipient, segment set are much more numerous means. It is assumed that there is a i.e. the degree of intimacy between the and this section is more developed. Thus, connection between stylistic devices speaker and the listener, understanding the study of sound symbolism begins of different levels of the language of communicative goals of the speech with Plato and Aristotle [7]. system: phonetic, lexical, syntactic, and – business, scientifi c explanation and Analyzing the segment (phonemic) morphological. transfer of the speaker’s emotional level of the linguistic structure, Different authors use several terms, attitude to the object of speech among phoneticians-experimentalists increasingly namely: “pronunciation type”, “speech the factors infl uencing the selection turn to the study of the phonetic style”, “language style”, “phonetic of linguistic means by a speaker [14]. ambiguity, i.e. sounds that cannot style”. Our work will deal with the Y.O. Dubovskyi provides another be unambiguously interpreted at the term “phonetic style” or “phonostyle”, division: objective factors of a language phonemic level. With acoustic and audit which refers to a kind of phonetic means situation that are independent of types of analysis, such issues as the combination of all levels of the language interlocutors, namely the form of speech correlation of complete and incomplete phonetic system, peculiar to a statement (monologue, dialogue – unilateral, elements of the pronunciation type in the in a particular form in a certain speech bilateral, multilateral), the type of speech speech signal, the degree of quantitative situation [4, P. 7]. (speaking, reading, citations), the method and structural deformation of segment The main aspects of phonostylistic of communication (direct contact or by units under the infl uence of intra- and studies are the search of patterns of technical means), the external conditions extralinguistic factors and, therefore, language phonetic means functioning of communication (in front of a large “resistance” of vocalic and consonant in different forms and types of oral audience or a small group of people), segments of various kinds of infl uences speech, as well as the study of sound stylistic orientation of the speech act they are exposed to in every speech act, variability. Works on the typology of oral (offi cial – unoffi cial), etc. Other factors are examined [2; 5; 13 et al.]. speech utterances have made it possible depend on the speaker or interlocutor, Linguistic science operates with to determine the extralinguistic factors being identifi ed by them: their age, social such concepts as the language style affecting the choice of language phonetic status, territorial identity, speaker’s and the speech style. Language styles means in styling of a particular utterance degree of readiness (spontaneous, 5 quasispontaneous or prepared speech), In the course of further development public (meeting and non-meeting) and the speaker’s profession [8, P. 15]. M.O. of the speech style doctrine, linguists non-public (offi cial and unoffi cial) Sokolova believes that these factors are have identifi ed three pronunciation styles. The author makes it clear that divided into two groups: those forming styles: high, neutral and conversational. all types of spoken oral text can have the style and those modifying it. The It is believed that different styles of direct or indirect contact implementation fi rst group expresses the speaker’s pronunciation cannot be represented [8, P. 82]. The given classifi cation strategy and includes the goal and topic as closed systems, isolated from one demonstrates the fact that the author of an utterance. Each option provides the another; on the contrary, they are very distributes phonostyles depending on the selection of different phonetic means to closely related to each other and are formality degree of relations between implement an effective communication. characterized by interpenetration. the speakers and the audience. V. The second group includes such Phonetic variation is determined by Yakubovych identifi es fi ve phonostyles: extralinguistic factors as the speaker’s the need to differentiate various styles formal (dramatic language, singing of relation to the communicative situation, and genres of speech. Linguists involved opera singers), full (characteristic of the to what he/she says or hears; the form of in phonostylistics, basing on the L.V. political and judicial speakers), spoken communication (monologue, dialogue Scherba’s notion as for coexistence of (used during the interviews, parliament or polylogue); the formality degree of many styles in accordance with the wide debates, scientifi c discussions), informal the situation and discourse (formal/ variety of social conditions of language, (practiced among equal communicators informal). There are also such important point the ways for future research in the in their social position and on television additional factors as the social status of fi eld of phonostylistic differentiation of and radio, in classrooms), extremely the speakers and the type of publicity speech. So, S.M. Haiduchik identifi es informal (family, circle of friends). The (public/non-public speech), the degree fi ve phonetic styles: solemn, scientifi c, author says that the fi rst two types are of preparedness (prepared/spontaneous offi cial, neutral and relaxed. The criterion characteristics of monologues; the others speech) [15, P. 21]. The role of these for this division is a fi eld of their use [6]. are for dialogues [18, P. 114-115]. factors in the production of texts is There is another appropriate classifi cation Phonostyles as well as the different: some of them, such as the of phonetic styles, covering all types of functional styles rarely exist in their degree of preparedness, play a crucial phonetic means of language segment pure form. Depending on the purpose of role, others (e.g. number of recipients) and suprasegment levels, peculiar communication and the communicative – a minor one. We proceed from the to utterances under the condition of situation in general they can intertwine, idea that all factors forming a style are presence of these extralinguistic factors, complementing each other. However, interrelated, and only their combination and promoting their use in the process of each phonostyle is characterized by a builds a phonostyle. phonostylistic aspect description of other certain ratio of typological characteristics, M.V. Panov in connection with the languages. In his turn, E. Nurahmetov among which the form of speech (verbal/ discussion of problems of the speech believes that the distinguished phonetic written), the type of speech (monologue/ styles draws a parallel with lexical styles styles do not cover the variety of phonetic dialogue), the degree of preparedness [10]. R.I. Avanesov mentions that speech means at sound and prosodic levels, but (prepared/spontaneous), the number of styles are closely related to language he notes that the allocation of these styles communicants (public/non-public), the styles as a whole, but the correlation of discovers the way for further studies relationship between participants in the speech styles with styles of vocabulary is of phonetic means of communicative communicative act (formal/informal) not straight and simple [1]. N.I. Portnova types and kinds of utterances [9]. O.D. are chief ones. The study of functional- reasonably believes that functional and Petrenko identifi es three phonostyles: stylistic differentiation of oral speech phonetic styles are not identical, but they reciting, and also reading a report remains an urgent task of communicative form a dialectical unity refl ected in the without a microphone in a formal setting; phonetics and phonostylistics. overall scheme of the social situation pronunciation when reading texts on the [12]. radio or reading fi ction; calm business References: S.M. Haiduchyk notes that phonetic conversation [11, p. 30]. The scientist styles are “the complex of phonetic notes that the existence of the norm 1. Avanesov R.I. Russkoe means peculiar to a linguistic utterance implies these oppositions: system – norm literaturnoe proiznoshenie [Russian in a certain form and situation in a – individual speech, literary language – literary pronunciation]., R.I. Avanesov. certain fi eld of communication” [6]. The spoken language – a dialect, offi cial – Moskva., Prosveshhenie [Education]., framework for the study of phonetic style style – casual style, sociolect – annolect 1984. – 384 p. was established by M.V. Lomonosov, – sexolect – idiolect. 2. Bondarko L.V. Zvukovoj stroj who distinguished three styles of A. Cruttenden uses two contrasts: sovremennogo russkogo jazyka [Sound spoken Russian literary language of the formal/informal, rehearsed/spontaneous system of the modern Russian language]., eighteenth century: high, medium and [17, P. 37-40]. D. Jones analyses fi ve L.V. Bondarko. – Moskva, 1977. simple. Academician L.V. Shcherba styles: fast familiar, slow spoken, facing 3. Velikaja E.V. Prosodija v stilevoj clearly defi ned two poles – complete the audience, theater and opera [3, P. differenciacii jazyka [Prosody in the style and conversational style [16, P. 21- 21]. In the course of oral monologue style differentiation of a language]., 22]. utterances study Y.A. 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Fonostilisticheskaja 1981. стическая маркированность немецко- markirovannost' nemeckogo literaturnogo 14. Skrebnev Ju.M. Jazykovaja i го литературного произношения / Т.А. proiznoshenija [Phonostylistic marks of subjazykovaja norma [Language and Гордеева // Известия высших учебных the German literary pronunciation]., T.A. sublanguage norm]., Ju.M. Skrebnev заведений. Поволжский регион. Гума- Gordeeva Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh Normy realizacii [Norms of realization]. нитарные науки. – 2007. - №1. – С. 98- zavedenij [News of higher educational Var'irovanie jazykovyh sredstv: 107. institutions]., Povolzhskij region. Mezhvuz.sb.n.tr. [Variation of language 8. Дубовский Ю.А. Просоди- Gumanitarnye nauki [Humanities]. – means: Inter-university collection of ческие контрасты в языке. Уч. пос. 2007., No. 1., pp. 98-107. scientifi c works]. – Gor'kij, 1984. – Pp. / Ю.А. Дубовский. – Симферополь: 8. Dubovskij Ju.A. Prosodicheskie 161-173. СГУ, 1983. kontrasty v jazyke [Prosodic contrasts 15. Teoreticheskaja fonetika 9. Нурахметов, Е. Проблемы in language]. Uch. pos. [Educational anglijskogo jazyka [Theoretical супрасегментной фоностилистики (на manual]., Ju.A. Dubovskij. – phonetics of English]. – Moskva, материале фр. яз): дис. д-ра филол. Simferopol'., SGU, 1983. Vysshaja shkola [Higher school], 1991. наук: 10.02.05 / Е. Нурахметов. – М., 9. Nurahmetov, E. Problemy 16. Shherba L.V. Fonetika 1997.-235 с. suprasegmentnoj fonostilistiki (na francuzskogo jazyka [Phonetics of 10. Панов М.В. Позиционные materiale fr. jaz): dis. d-ra fi lol. nauk: French language]. L.V. Shherba. – отношения в стилистике / М.В. Панов 10.02.05 [Problems of suprasegment Moskva, 1953. // Труды по общему языкознанию и phonostylistics (on material of French 17. Cruttenden A. Intonation. A. русскому языку. Т.1. – М.: Языки сла- language): thesis by the Doctor of Cruttenden. – Cambridge, 1986. вянской культуры, 2004. – С. 30-35. Philology: 10.02.05]. E. Nurahmetov. – http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222 11. Петренко А.Д. Социофоне- Moskva, 1997.- 235 p. 6700011361 тическая вариативность современного 10. Panov M.V. Pozicionnye 18. Yakubovich V. An Introduction немецкого языка в Германии / А.Д. Пе- otnoshenija v stilistike [The position to English Phonetics and Phonology. V. тренко. – К.: Рідна мова, 1998. – 254 с. relations in stylistics]. M.V. Panov Trudy Yakubovich. – Pyatigorsk, PGLU, 2001. 12. Портнова Н.И. Социально- po obshhemu jazykoznaniju i russkomu стилистическая вариативность звуко- jazyku [Works on general linguistics вых единиц современного француз- Литература: and Russian]., Vol. 1. – Moskva., Jazyki ского языка в процессе вербальной slavjanskoj kul'tury [Languages of the 1. Аванесов Р.И. Русское коммуникации (экспериментально- Slavic culture], 2004., pp. 30-35. литературное произношение / Р.И. фонетическое исследование): дис. 7 д-ра филол. наук / Н.И. Портнова. – сб.н.тр. – Горький, 1984. – С. 161- 18. Yakubovich V. An Introduction М., 1991. 173. to English Phonetics and Phonology / V. 13. Потапова Р.К. Сегментно- 15. Теоретическая фонетика ан- Yakubovich. – Pyatigorsk: PGLU, 2001. структурная организация речи (экс- глийского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, периментально-фонетическое иссле- 1991. Information about author: дование): дис. д-ра филол. наук /Р.К. 16. Щерба Л.В. Фонетика фран- Потапова. – Л., 1981. цузского языка / Л.В. Щерба. – М., 1953. 1. Irina Usachenko - Lecturer, 14. Скребнев Ю.М. Языковая и 17. Cruttenden A. Intonation / A. Mykolayiv National University named субъязыковая норма / Ю.М. Скреб- Cruttenden. – Cambridge, 1986. after V.O. Suhomlinskiy; address: нев // Нормы реализации. Варьиро- http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226 Ukraine, Mykolayiv city; e-mail: вание языковых средств: Межвуз. 700011361 [email protected] 8 U.D.C. 811.111 УДК 811.111 COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC ORIENTATION КОГНИТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКАЯ OF PROPER NAMES IN THE ENGLISH ОРИЕНТАЦИЯ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В FAIRY-TALE DISCOURSE ДИСКУРСЕ АНГЛИЙСКИХ СКАЗОК O. Nazarenko, Lecturer of the Department of Germanic Philology Назаренко Е., преподаватель N. Prykhodko, Lecturer of the Department of Germanic Philology Приходько Н., преподаватель A. Obukhovska 4-th year student of Translation specialty Обуховская А., студент Sumy State University, Ukraine Сумской государственный университет, Украина The article deals with proper names, which are obligatory Статья посвящена именам собственным, которые являются об- in the fairy-tale discourse and are cognitively, semantically and лигаторным элементом сказочного дискурса и несут когнитивную, communicatively charged. Cognitive way of studying functional семантическую и коммуникативную нагрузку. Когнитивный под- and pragmatic peculiarities of proper names in the English fairy-tale ход к исследованию функционально-прагматических особенно- discourse reveals semantic meaning and pragmatic orientation of стей имен собственных в англоязычном сказочном дискурсе рас- proper names as transferring units of the cognitive information. крывает смысловое наполнение, экстралингвальные особенности и прагматическую направленность имен собственных как транс- феров когнитивной информации. Keywords: proper names, fairy-tale discourse, cognition, Ключевые слова: имена собственные, сказочный дискурс, pragmatic orientation, communicative charge. когнитивный подход, прагматическая направленность, коммуни- кативный заряд. Conference participants, National championship in scientifi c analytics Open Участники конференции, Национального первенства по научной аналитике, European and Asian research analytics championship Открытого Европейско-Азиатского первенства по научной аналитике http://dx.doi.org/10.18007/gisap:ps.v0i9.1254 Aspects of cognitive and pragmatic of which is to identify individual items don’t have connotations (conditional trends of the text prevail in the without regard to their characteristics, intention in other words); they have domain of modern linguistics. An i.e. without establishment of the denotation, because they nominate an obligatory element of the fairy-tale correspondences between qualities of individual to differentiate him among discourse is proper names (the object subjects [7, p.175]. As S.M. Spivak others. The meaning of PN is known of our article) which have semantic, points out, PN are codes of background only to those whom the individual is communicative and cognitive charge. knowledge, specifi c types of compressed introduced to [8, p.69]. In the language According to the New Webster’s national and cultural texts, the semantic beyond the discourse PN don’t have the Dictionary defi nition, proper names memory of which keeps cultural denotative value [11, p.106]. Cognitive (PN) – are nouns or adjectives, naming and historical subjects written in the orientation of PN is in understanding a specifi c person and written with a contemporary social consciousness the act of nomination from the cognitive capital letter [1, p.1197]. PN have a [4, p.1]. Means of nomination and position and in fi nding answers to special status in the language and do images laid up in the basis of the name questions, which sets of concepts are not submit to certain laws which are are ethnically defi ned, despite the fact verbalized in a particular language and typical for common names [2, p.41]. that typical nature and anthropological why; what particular form of speech is Onomastics, as a part of lexicology, has universals in the imagery of the names herewith selected [10, p.71]. Speech and been distinguished as an independent are common. Names and nicknames in cognitive development have an impact science when scientists clearly realized colloquial language are associated with on each other, and the names, including the difference between PN and common the realities, traditions and the religion [8, PN, are the sources of knowledge about names [3, p.69]. Cognitive orientation p.15]. Culture and social life are always objects. Cognition and communication of PN, their orientation to the reader, refl ected in PN [8, p.22]. Extra-linguistic as the main functions of the language, author’s intention which are implicated factors have signifi cant effect on the equally determine its specifi city and in PN are the subject of the article. quality of the names and their place in the structure [10, p.325]. They should be Communicative and cognitive approach language, as linguistic signs identifying explored at their permanent agreement to PN and their functioning in the text an individual and having a strongly and interdependence. are relevant in today’s mainstream marked national and cultural component Often PN provide the addressee with linguistics (S.M. Spivak., S.A.Yarova, [9, p.148]. PN as a unit category, are used information and knowledge about the L.M. Lazarenko) [4, p.1], [4, p.231] to highlight, identify and characterize status and position, which the individual [6, p.217]. The purpose of this article certain reality and at the same time they has in the society. The social status of a is studying the background knowledge help to activate knowledge about it [10, person - is the position of a person in a related to PN in the English fairy-tale p.430]. PN perform nominative function, social system, rights and duties, and as a discourse and their cognitive orientation as well as the function of representation result - the mutual expectation of certain towards the reader. of individual fragments of the world and behaviour. Herewith the individual O.S. Akhmanova identifi es PN as its conceptualization. characteristics of a person occupy a words or phrases the specifi c purpose O. V. Superanska points out that PN secondary position. An indication of 9 the status of a person is often his name. meaning. Unlike CN, PN point at a single English literary discourse, clarifying Nationality, sex, age and marital status object, name it. An object that calls PN is conceptual basis of the compositional of the individual are encoded in the specifi c. Over time PN will be converted and semantic structure and the role of name. Even the right to have a name to CN, the tendency of transformation PN in its formation [4, p.3]. Notional may be the evidence of a social status. PN → CN will become up-to-date [8, fi lling of PN is determined by semantic If we investigate PN from the cognitive p.113]. analysis of descriptions and defi nitions position in a certain society we can gain PN formed from common names, which are contained in the culturological knowledge about general and specifi c can develop their derivational paradigm. dictionaries. model of behaviour of people speaking Derived from the PN words retain Proper names of the famous collection a common language and sharing a the seme of the name. Compare: Eng. by Clive Lewis “The Chronicles of system of appraisal norms of the society, present-day Shakespeare, Conan Narnia” cause the research interest, as and determine principles of social Doyle’s style; Ukr. сучасний Франко, a store of factual material for linguistic organization [12, p.5]. The expression of шевченківський стиль. These research, and especially for onomastics social status in PN can have both implicit derivatives enrich their semantics, [13, p.12]. Naming the character, PN (connotations, associations) and explicit indicate the typed characteristics of these becomes a thematic word. Due to its nature. individuals. inseparability from the character, the PN respond to social changes more The emergence of new connotations name is perceived in the associative than common names. In PN, regardless becomes possible due to infl uence of complex with it; it gets the right not of the will of those who give the name, extra-linguistic factors. For example, only to indicate the denoted object, the culture and social life are always when the denotation of PN is known to but also serves as its characterological refl ected. Fulfi lling a number of social members of a certain society. In this case, representative. Yhat is to say when PN functions, PN live and develop under the name returns to the paradigm of CN are in the context, they can take any the laws of language, while the reasons [8, p.117]. Appealing to PN in fi ction is content. Meaningful saturation of PN that stimulate the development of presented in so-called expressive names. occurs gradually [8, p.110]. It includes nominal systems are social in origin, These names are identical in their shapes all the skills of the character given to him i.e. are beyond the linguistics [8, p.26]. to common names that denote the most by the author. Even the form of the name - a structural peculiar features of a character. The name Characters of the series of fantastic component of onomastics – in some way of the character is an important factor in tales (“The Chronicles of Narnia”) is conditioned by social factors. the creation of the work. It updates the possess extraordinary powers, There are four main ways of PN author’s pragmatic orientation of the text capabilities and creativity which help origin: transformation from common on the reader’s complicity. The main them to overcome all the trials on the way names in PN (onimisation), borrowing aim of the function of appealing to PN to the goal. According to the thematic of foreign PN, transition of PN from is excitation of images and emotions basis we can divide tales into magical, one level to another (transonimisation) caused by the values contained in the domestic and animalistic [14, p.2]. and the artifi cial creation of occasional associative and semantic fi eld of PN. Fantastic tales originally had a magical names [8, p.473]. Affectability of PN, in turn, activates the purpose, which over time has been Unlike PN, common names relate process of its understanding [4, p.14]. lost. In modern fi ction tales mythical an object to its class, have basic and Thus the contact between an author and a fantastic and heroic principles are additional connotations. The proper reader is created, ensuring the success of combined [15, p.322]. One of the main names are associated with an individual creative communication. functions of fairy tales is cognitive, that object or multiple objects of the In the literary work the name plays an is accumulated in PN of characters of a same name, each of which is taken important role as a landmark in time and tale which transfer cognitive information individually. PN mean a separate subject, space. In the language of fi ction a former and carry the knowledge about national not associated with the concept, but they common meaning of the name can have peculiarities of a certain ethnos and the can have other connotations. If a side characterological application; name and way of their life, work, mode of life, connotation develops into a major one, surname of the character may be a part of natural environment, individual features PN become common names. PN are its characteristics. The simplest example of narrator and characters. always specifi c. If concreteness of an is expressive names and surnames [8, Conf.: And in those days there lived object is not available, the tendency of p.32]. The names of literary characters in London a girl called Polly Plummer. PN transformation into common names we can divide into those that characterize Plummer ← Eng. plum – Ukr. ласий is observed [8, p.113]. These processes them explicitly and implicitly, and as a шматочок; вигідне замовлення ← between proper and common names conclusion we can say that a moment of слива [16]. The name of the main (CN) form a universal group of names in characteristics is more important than character of the tale, a little English girl, language systems. They occupy a central just a nomination in fi ction. who needs adventure and communication, place in the vector of common names Communicative and pragmatic contains a clear motivation, however, is (CN) - PN- CN. approach to the study of PN foresees quite typical for the British. Comp.:… for 1 2 CN and CN identify an object, the determination of functional and Digory was the sort of person who wants 1 2 actualize denotative or connotative pragmatic properties of PN in the to know everything, and when he grew up 10

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CONTENTS N.Z. Nasrullaeva, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan GENDER CONCEPTS IN THE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS.......................................................3 I. Usachenko, Mykolayiv National University named after V.O. Suhomlinskiy, Ukraine REVISITING THE ISSUE OF PHONOSTYLES.............................................................................................................................5 O. Nazarenko, N. Prykhodko, Sumy State University, Ukraine COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC ORIENTATION OF PROPER NAMES IN THE ENGLISH FAIRY-TALE DISCOURSE...............9 O. Shumenko, Sumy State University, Ukraine DENUMERAL DERIVATION OF QUANTITATIVE UNITS IN ENGLISH.................................................................................13 O. Zhulavska, A. Piantkovska, Sumy State University, Ukraine MEANS OF VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF TERRORISM IN THE BRITISH NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE OF 2014............................................................................................................................................................................................16 I. Kobyakova, G. Chulanova, Sumy State University, Ukraine EXPRESSIVENESS OF BLURBS: SYNTACTIC LEVEL............................................................................................................19 D. Hamze, Plovdiv University named after Paisii Hilendarski, Bulgaria THE ROLE OF DEIXIS IN THE GROTESQUE GENESIS (on works of W. Gombrowich).........................................................23 A. Zalevskaya, Tver State University, Russia CERTAIN PECULIARITIES OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS DYNAMICS ACCELERATION..........................................................................................................33 V. Lee, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan ON HUMAN FACTOR INFLUENCE ON SEMANTIC PROCESSES IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM....................................38 O. Nazina, Orenburg Presidential Cadet School, Russia REPRESENTATION OF THE GLOBAL INNOVATIVE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SPACE IN THE MODERN CINEMA (BASED ON MATERIALS OF TRAILERS TEXTS)...................................................................43 L. Shutova, Luhansk National University named after Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine VERBALIZATION OF THE «BRUTALITY» CONCEPT IN VARIOUS DISCOURSES OF UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURES...........................................................................................................................................46 1 CONTENTS N.Z. Nasrullaeva, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan GENDER CONCEPTS IN THE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS.......................................................3 I. Usachenko, Mykolayiv National University named after V.O. Suhomlinskiy, Ukraine REVISITING THE ISSUE OF PHONOSTYLES.............................................................................................................................5 Назаренко Е., Приходько Н., Обуховская А., Сумской государственный университет, Украина КОГНИТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ОРИЕНТАЦИЯ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В ДИСКУРСЕ АНГЛИЙСКИХ СКАЗОК................................................................................................................................................................9 Шуменко О.А., Сумской государственный университет, Украина ДЕНУМЕРАЛЬНАЯ ДЕРИВАЦИЯ КВАНТИТАТИВНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ.......................................13 О. Жулавская, А. Пьянтковская, Сумской государственный университет, Украина СРЕДСТВА ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИИ КОНЦЕПТА «ТЕРРОРИЗМ» В БРИТАНСКОМ ГАЗЕТНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ ЗА 2014 ГОД....................................................................................................................................................................................16 I. Kobyakova, G. Chulanova, Sumy State University, Ukraine EXPRESSIVENESS OF BLURBS: SYNTACTIC LEVEL............................................................................................................19 Хамзе Д.Г., Пловдивски университет Паисий Хилендарски, Болгария РОЛЬ ДЕЙКСИСА В ГРОТЕСКОГЕНЕЗЕ (на материале творчества В. Гомбровича)...........................................................23 Залевская А.А., Тверской государственный университет, Россия НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ СИСТЕМ В СВЕТЕ УСКОРЕНИЯ ДИНАМИКИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ.............................................................................................................................................33 Ли В.С., Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, Казахстан О ВЛИЯНИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА НА СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ЯЗЫКОВОЙ СИСТЕМЕ.............................................................................................................................................................38 Назина О.В., Оренбургский государственный университет, Россия РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ КИНЕМАТОГРАФЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТЕКСТОВ ТРЕЙЛЕРОВ)......................43 Шутова Л.И., Луганский национальный университет им. Т. Шевченко, Украина ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «БРУТАЛЬНОСТЬ» В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ДИСКУРСАХ УКРАИНСКОЙ И РУССКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУР.................................................................................................................................................46 2 U.D.C. 42.318 GENDER CONCEPTS IN THE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS N.Z. Nasrullaeva, Candidate of Philology, Senior Scientifi c Researcher Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan The article investigates English phraseological units which have gender component in the structure and thus create gender stereotypes of man and woman on the material of English phraseology. Moreover, such notions as appearance, social status, age, intellectual abilities are analyzed as elements forming the gender concepts “man” and “woman”. Keywords: masculine, feminine, gender, stereotype, concept, social status, interrelation, positive mark, negative mark. Conference participant http://dx.doi.org/10.18007/gisap:ps.v0i9.1253 Gender investigations are becoming containers of gender concepts, as: 3. Character. more and more important in the naturally-physiological, physical- Pureness and innocence of young English linguistics. This has two main anatomic, psychological and intellectual, people are opened in these phraseological reasons: fi rst – English is the language appearance, character, roles depending units: as pure as a lily; as innocent as a of international communication, and on affi liation with the certain sex. new-born. second - it has no vivid expression of In gender representation of the In the English language the notion gender in all parts of speech as it occurs English society the concept of “Man” is “Woman” is also close to words “wife” in some other languages. Investigation based on such items as: braveness, career, and “maid”. The notion “Man” is of the gender factor makes it necessary prosperous life, taking care of women, presented only by one word “man”. to study the English phraseological units being father and equal right spouse. In the English language system and proverbs from the gender standpoint. Feminine notion takes such traits as: men need women; it’s obvious in the Gender stereotypes are essential social-biological functions of women, following proverb: “A man without a notions in gender investigation, and sexually-attractive appearance, age, woman is like a ship without a sail”. they are based on masculine and love, marriage, perfect wife, housewife, But men sometimes suffer from wicked feminine characteristics and ways of a good friend, independent woman, equal wives: “Three things drive a man out of their behavior. Gender stereotypes right partner. his house: smoke, dropping of rain and contain special qualities depending on An interesting fact is when words wicked wives”. affi liation with the certain biological sex. related to men are used for women - they Many English proverbs describing A language system focuses and refl ects bring positiveness, and vice versa when gender stereotypes compare masculine gender stereotypes of a defi nite culture. words related to women and used for and feminine notions, and feminine are The lexical and phraseological men - they give negative characteristics. often met with negative mark. levels are considered to be the brightest The gender notions of an English “Man, woman and devil are the three indicator of gender relations. They woman are a bit different because of the degrees of comparison” – this proverb describe exact positive and negative social process and the women’s success reminds of three degrees of comparison: experience of interrelation of men and in making career and leadership. Because bad – worse – the worst. As we see women in the society. That’s why every of changes in social roles, feminine women are worse than men. language contains cultural and national characteristics of English women are “Deeds are males, and words are peculiarities of people. Phraseological supplemented with confi dence, self- females” – we again can feel the hint on units and proverbs have the richest sureness, equal right spouse; masculine women’s chattering and wasting time. potential of such gender relations. characteristics of English men - with Another proverb proves this: “A sieve While analyzing the English father, taking care of children and will hold water better than a woman’s phraseological system from the husband, helping to his wife in household mouth a secret”. standpoint of gender linguistics, it should duties [1. p.54]. Though most of English proverbs be noted that it’s divided into two main English phraseological units perfectly characterize women as stupid and having groups: gender-marked and gender- refl ect a number of characteristics little mind, like “Women have long hair neutral. We are interested in the gender- belonging to men and women. and short brains”, there are still some marked ones which enlighten the notions of them which highly mark women’s “masculine” and “feminine” and all the 1. Appearance. intellect: “Women’s instinct is often associations connected with them. It’s the colour of face: red as a poppy; truer than men’s reasoning”. Or another The investigation of concepts “Man” turn red as a poppy; white as a lily. proverb – “Women on mischief are wiser and “Woman” was made from different than men”. angles: 2. Health. A number of proverbs give positive a) age gradation; If a person feels good, he/she has characteristics to women’s role of wife, b) social status; a fresh face: fresh as a rose, fresh as a mother and a housekeeper which make c) behavioral activity daisy; fresh as a fl ower; fresh as fl owers men more responsible for their family Moreover, there are also partial in May. [2.p.164]. “The wife is the key of the 3 house” – is a vivid example. Or “He Phraseological units describing the concepts of “Man” and “Woman”. that has a wife and children must not sit men’s appearance are met with both As the analysis has shown, women have with his fi ngers in his mouth. Men make positive and negative mark: bald as more negative characteristics th an men houses, women make homes”. a coot (negative), admiral of the red in the English phraseological system. Some proverbs describe women as (negative); blue-eyed boy (positive) [4]. self-assured and willful, having own Phraseological units showing men’s References: point of view. In this case men are lead character: (as) gentle as a lamb; mamma’s to negativeness: “The most masters wear darling; a heart of oak (=brave); a tough 1. Benor Sarah, Rose Mary, Sharma no breeches. Where the mistress is the nut (=strict, fi rm); of the bull-dog breed Devyani, Sweetland Julie and Zhang Qing master the parsley grows the faster”. (=strong); also ran (=unlucky); Jack (eds.). Under Construction: Gendered The role of a woman as a mother- among the maids (=women’s lover); wild Practices in Language. – Stanford., CSLI in-law has a strong negative mark and woolly (=awkward, rude) [4]. Publications, 2002. – 194 р. and leaves an impression of a wicked, In family the position of men is 2. Christie Christine. Gender capricious and gloomy woman: “She is higher; absence of it has negative mark: and Language: Towards a Feminist well married who has neither mother-in- John Thomson’s man (=man who is under Pragmatics. - Edinburgh., Edinburgh law nor sister-in-law by her”. “Happy is his wife’s shoe); like father, like a son. University Press, 2000. – 386 р. she who marries the son of dead mother”. There are some phraseological units 3. Concise Oxford Dictionary of Women are also depicted as partners which depict men’s various social status: Proverbs. – Oxford., Oxford University of the devil: “Women are the devil’s a back room boy - a good specialist, a Press, 1998. – 608 р. nets” [3]. Women take more care of their man of rank – a man of high position; a 4. The Kenkyusha Dictionary appearance than intelligence: “Women broken man – a bad man. Phraseological of Current English Idioms. - Tokyo are wacky, women are vain; they’d units describing men’s behavior: a rough Kenkyusha, 1993. – 990 p. rather be pretty than have a good brain”. customer, fi ghting cock. Men’s intellect There are few proverbs describing mostly has a positive mark in the English Information about author: men, most of them are related to phraseology: clever dog. appearance and relations with women. Thus, the English phraseological 1. Nafi sa Nasrullaeva - Candidate of As for the phraseological units, there are units and proverbs possess a rich potential Philology, Senior Scientifi c Researcher, many of them forming the concept of of masculine and feminine characteristic Samarkand State Institute of Foreign “Man”: ladies’ man, mother’s darling, and give basis to gender-related Languages; address: Uzbekistan, the master of one’s destiny (fate). investigation of national peculiarities of Samarkand city; e-mail: nafi [email protected] 4 REVISITING THE ISSUE OF PHONOSTYLES I. Usachenko, Lecturer Mykolayiv National University named after V.O. Suhomlinskiy, Ukraine The article actualizes different approaches to phonostylistic studies and analyses the problem of phonostyles differentiation. Keywords: phonostylistics, language style, speech style, phonostyle. Conference participant Участник конференции http://dx.doi.org/10.18007/gisap:ps.v0i9.1252 At the current stage of the linguistic are different sets of language means more accurately. Linguistic science science development, special depending on the limitations of their differentiates external and internal attention is paid to the issues of composition and varying concentrations, extralinguistic factors. External factors language functioning in the process as well as the intenseness of each contribute to generation of stylistic of communication, study of various particular style by the language means features which are the set of functional factors directing the language process typical only for it. Speech styles differ style qualitative features that should be and affecting the implementation of not only with the language means obtained by a language for the effective language means, structural linguistic composition and the concentration implementation of specifi c goals of features of styles and patterns of their specifi c to them, but also with the communication in a certain fi eld of implementation. varying degrees of language means speech communication. Phonostylistics is a relatively implementation, their repeatability and Many style features are natural for new branch of linguistics, one of the particular sequence of their use in a not just one, but several styles, and in all main objectives of which is to identify particular fi eld of communication [3, P. of them the same features have their own different phonetic modifi cations under 9]. Thus, the speech stylistics is aimed specifi city, their functional and stylistic the infl uence of extralinguistic factors, at examining the aspects of variability of quality. This fact is determined by the although the references to the role of pronunciation, i.e. studying the stylistic differences of language means and the phonetic means in utterances styling can forms of a word developed by the ways of their implementation, differences be found in numerous studies. variability of phonemes. in target and functional focus, as well as Traditionally the linguistic science Phonostyles cannot stand separately the specifi city of the styles [5]. divides phonostylistics into segmental from functional styles. In the stylistic Y.M. Screbnev names the situation- and suprasegmental depending on the differentiation of speech phonetic means based nature of the speech act (offi cial aspect under study, i.e. sounds or speech can be basic ones, but they can also or not, solemn or casual, etc.), relation prosody accordingly. Phonetic studies of correlate with lexical and grammatical of the speaker to the speech recipient, segment set are much more numerous means. It is assumed that there is a i.e. the degree of intimacy between the and this section is more developed. Thus, connection between stylistic devices speaker and the listener, understanding the study of sound symbolism begins of different levels of the language of communicative goals of the speech with Plato and Aristotle [7]. system: phonetic, lexical, syntactic, and – business, scientifi c explanation and Analyzing the segment (phonemic) morphological. transfer of the speaker’s emotional level of the linguistic structure, Different authors use several terms, attitude to the object of speech among phoneticians-experimentalists increasingly namely: “pronunciation type”, “speech the factors infl uencing the selection turn to the study of the phonetic style”, “language style”, “phonetic of linguistic means by a speaker [14]. ambiguity, i.e. sounds that cannot style”. Our work will deal with the Y.O. Dubovskyi provides another be unambiguously interpreted at the term “phonetic style” or “phonostyle”, division: objective factors of a language phonemic level. With acoustic and audit which refers to a kind of phonetic means situation that are independent of types of analysis, such issues as the combination of all levels of the language interlocutors, namely the form of speech correlation of complete and incomplete phonetic system, peculiar to a statement (monologue, dialogue – unilateral, elements of the pronunciation type in the in a particular form in a certain speech bilateral, multilateral), the type of speech speech signal, the degree of quantitative situation [4, P. 7]. (speaking, reading, citations), the method and structural deformation of segment The main aspects of phonostylistic of communication (direct contact or by units under the infl uence of intra- and studies are the search of patterns of technical means), the external conditions extralinguistic factors and, therefore, language phonetic means functioning of communication (in front of a large “resistance” of vocalic and consonant in different forms and types of oral audience or a small group of people), segments of various kinds of infl uences speech, as well as the study of sound stylistic orientation of the speech act they are exposed to in every speech act, variability. Works on the typology of oral (offi cial – unoffi cial), etc. Other factors are examined [2; 5; 13 et al.]. speech utterances have made it possible depend on the speaker or interlocutor, Linguistic science operates with to determine the extralinguistic factors being identifi ed by them: their age, social such concepts as the language style affecting the choice of language phonetic status, territorial identity, speaker’s and the speech style. Language styles means in styling of a particular utterance degree of readiness (spontaneous, 5 quasispontaneous or prepared speech), In the course of further development public (meeting and non-meeting) and the speaker’s profession [8, P. 15]. M.O. of the speech style doctrine, linguists non-public (offi cial and unoffi cial) Sokolova believes that these factors are have identifi ed three pronunciation styles. The author makes it clear that divided into two groups: those forming styles: high, neutral and conversational. all types of spoken oral text can have the style and those modifying it. The It is believed that different styles of direct or indirect contact implementation fi rst group expresses the speaker’s pronunciation cannot be represented [8, P. 82]. The given classifi cation strategy and includes the goal and topic as closed systems, isolated from one demonstrates the fact that the author of an utterance. Each option provides the another; on the contrary, they are very distributes phonostyles depending on the selection of different phonetic means to closely related to each other and are formality degree of relations between implement an effective communication. characterized by interpenetration. the speakers and the audience. V. The second group includes such Phonetic variation is determined by Yakubovych identifi es fi ve phonostyles: extralinguistic factors as the speaker’s the need to differentiate various styles formal (dramatic language, singing of relation to the communicative situation, and genres of speech. Linguists involved opera singers), full (characteristic of the to what he/she says or hears; the form of in phonostylistics, basing on the L.V. political and judicial speakers), spoken communication (monologue, dialogue Scherba’s notion as for coexistence of (used during the interviews, parliament or polylogue); the formality degree of many styles in accordance with the wide debates, scientifi c discussions), informal the situation and discourse (formal/ variety of social conditions of language, (practiced among equal communicators informal). There are also such important point the ways for future research in the in their social position and on television additional factors as the social status of fi eld of phonostylistic differentiation of and radio, in classrooms), extremely the speakers and the type of publicity speech. So, S.M. Haiduchik identifi es informal (family, circle of friends). The (public/non-public speech), the degree fi ve phonetic styles: solemn, scientifi c, author says that the fi rst two types are of preparedness (prepared/spontaneous offi cial, neutral and relaxed. The criterion characteristics of monologues; the others speech) [15, P. 21]. The role of these for this division is a fi eld of their use [6]. are for dialogues [18, P. 114-115]. factors in the production of texts is There is another appropriate classifi cation Phonostyles as well as the different: some of them, such as the of phonetic styles, covering all types of functional styles rarely exist in their degree of preparedness, play a crucial phonetic means of language segment pure form. Depending on the purpose of role, others (e.g. number of recipients) and suprasegment levels, peculiar communication and the communicative – a minor one. We proceed from the to utterances under the condition of situation in general they can intertwine, idea that all factors forming a style are presence of these extralinguistic factors, complementing each other. However, interrelated, and only their combination and promoting their use in the process of each phonostyle is characterized by a builds a phonostyle. phonostylistic aspect description of other certain ratio of typological characteristics, M.V. Panov in connection with the languages. In his turn, E. Nurahmetov among which the form of speech (verbal/ discussion of problems of the speech believes that the distinguished phonetic written), the type of speech (monologue/ styles draws a parallel with lexical styles styles do not cover the variety of phonetic dialogue), the degree of preparedness [10]. R.I. Avanesov mentions that speech means at sound and prosodic levels, but (prepared/spontaneous), the number of styles are closely related to language he notes that the allocation of these styles communicants (public/non-public), the styles as a whole, but the correlation of discovers the way for further studies relationship between participants in the speech styles with styles of vocabulary is of phonetic means of communicative communicative act (formal/informal) not straight and simple [1]. N.I. Portnova types and kinds of utterances [9]. O.D. are chief ones. The study of functional- reasonably believes that functional and Petrenko identifi es three phonostyles: stylistic differentiation of oral speech phonetic styles are not identical, but they reciting, and also reading a report remains an urgent task of communicative form a dialectical unity refl ected in the without a microphone in a formal setting; phonetics and phonostylistics. overall scheme of the social situation pronunciation when reading texts on the [12]. radio or reading fi ction; calm business References: S.M. Haiduchyk notes that phonetic conversation [11, p. 30]. The scientist styles are “the complex of phonetic notes that the existence of the norm 1. Avanesov R.I. Russkoe means peculiar to a linguistic utterance implies these oppositions: system – norm literaturnoe proiznoshenie [Russian in a certain form and situation in a – individual speech, literary language – literary pronunciation]., R.I. Avanesov. certain fi eld of communication” [6]. The spoken language – a dialect, offi cial – Moskva., Prosveshhenie [Education]., framework for the study of phonetic style style – casual style, sociolect – annolect 1984. – 384 p. was established by M.V. Lomonosov, – sexolect – idiolect. 2. Bondarko L.V. Zvukovoj stroj who distinguished three styles of A. Cruttenden uses two contrasts: sovremennogo russkogo jazyka [Sound spoken Russian literary language of the formal/informal, rehearsed/spontaneous system of the modern Russian language]., eighteenth century: high, medium and [17, P. 37-40]. D. Jones analyses fi ve L.V. Bondarko. – Moskva, 1977. simple. Academician L.V. Shcherba styles: fast familiar, slow spoken, facing 3. Velikaja E.V. Prosodija v stilevoj clearly defi ned two poles – complete the audience, theater and opera [3, P. differenciacii jazyka [Prosody in the style and conversational style [16, P. 21- 21]. In the course of oral monologue style differentiation of a language]., 22]. utterances study Y.A. 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Fonostilisticheskaja 1981. стическая маркированность немецко- markirovannost' nemeckogo literaturnogo 14. Skrebnev Ju.M. Jazykovaja i го литературного произношения / Т.А. proiznoshenija [Phonostylistic marks of subjazykovaja norma [Language and Гордеева // Известия высших учебных the German literary pronunciation]., T.A. sublanguage norm]., Ju.M. Skrebnev заведений. Поволжский регион. Гума- Gordeeva Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh Normy realizacii [Norms of realization]. нитарные науки. – 2007. - №1. – С. 98- zavedenij [News of higher educational Var'irovanie jazykovyh sredstv: 107. institutions]., Povolzhskij region. Mezhvuz.sb.n.tr. [Variation of language 8. Дубовский Ю.А. Просоди- Gumanitarnye nauki [Humanities]. – means: Inter-university collection of ческие контрасты в языке. Уч. пос. 2007., No. 1., pp. 98-107. scientifi c works]. – Gor'kij, 1984. – Pp. / Ю.А. Дубовский. – Симферополь: 8. Dubovskij Ju.A. Prosodicheskie 161-173. СГУ, 1983. kontrasty v jazyke [Prosodic contrasts 15. Teoreticheskaja fonetika 9. Нурахметов, Е. Проблемы in language]. Uch. pos. [Educational anglijskogo jazyka [Theoretical супрасегментной фоностилистики (на manual]., Ju.A. Dubovskij. – phonetics of English]. – Moskva, материале фр. яз): дис. д-ра филол. Simferopol'., SGU, 1983. Vysshaja shkola [Higher school], 1991. наук: 10.02.05 / Е. Нурахметов. – М., 9. Nurahmetov, E. Problemy 16. Shherba L.V. Fonetika 1997.-235 с. suprasegmentnoj fonostilistiki (na francuzskogo jazyka [Phonetics of 10. Панов М.В. Позиционные materiale fr. jaz): dis. d-ra fi lol. nauk: French language]. L.V. Shherba. – отношения в стилистике / М.В. Панов 10.02.05 [Problems of suprasegment Moskva, 1953. // Труды по общему языкознанию и phonostylistics (on material of French 17. Cruttenden A. Intonation. A. русскому языку. Т.1. – М.: Языки сла- language): thesis by the Doctor of Cruttenden. – Cambridge, 1986. вянской культуры, 2004. – С. 30-35. Philology: 10.02.05]. E. 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An Introduction М., 1991. 173. to English Phonetics and Phonology / V. 13. Потапова Р.К. Сегментно- 15. Теоретическая фонетика ан- Yakubovich. – Pyatigorsk: PGLU, 2001. структурная организация речи (экс- глийского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, периментально-фонетическое иссле- 1991. Information about author: дование): дис. д-ра филол. наук /Р.К. 16. Щерба Л.В. Фонетика фран- Потапова. – Л., 1981. цузского языка / Л.В. Щерба. – М., 1953. 1. Irina Usachenko - Lecturer, 14. Скребнев Ю.М. Языковая и 17. Cruttenden A. Intonation / A. Mykolayiv National University named субъязыковая норма / Ю.М. Скреб- Cruttenden. – Cambridge, 1986. after V.O. Suhomlinskiy; address: нев // Нормы реализации. Варьиро- http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226 Ukraine, Mykolayiv city; e-mail: вание языковых средств: Межвуз. 700011361 [email protected] 8 U.D.C. 811.111 УДК 811.111 COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC ORIENTATION КОГНИТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКАЯ OF PROPER NAMES IN THE ENGLISH ОРИЕНТАЦИЯ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В FAIRY-TALE DISCOURSE ДИСКУРСЕ АНГЛИЙСКИХ СКАЗОК O. Nazarenko, Lecturer of the Department of Germanic Philology Назаренко Е., преподаватель N. Prykhodko, Lecturer of the Department of Germanic Philology Приходько Н., преподаватель A. Obukhovska 4-th year student of Translation specialty Обуховская А., студент Sumy State University, Ukraine Сумской государственный университет, Украина The article deals with proper names, which are obligatory Статья посвящена именам собственным, которые являются об- in the fairy-tale discourse and are cognitively, semantically and лигаторным элементом сказочного дискурса и несут когнитивную, communicatively charged. Cognitive way of studying functional семантическую и коммуникативную нагрузку. Когнитивный под- and pragmatic peculiarities of proper names in the English fairy-tale ход к исследованию функционально-прагматических особенно- discourse reveals semantic meaning and pragmatic orientation of стей имен собственных в англоязычном сказочном дискурсе рас- proper names as transferring units of the cognitive information. крывает смысловое наполнение, экстралингвальные особенности и прагматическую направленность имен собственных как транс- феров когнитивной информации. Keywords: proper names, fairy-tale discourse, cognition, Ключевые слова: имена собственные, сказочный дискурс, pragmatic orientation, communicative charge. когнитивный подход, прагматическая направленность, коммуни- кативный заряд. Conference participants, National championship in scientifi c analytics Open Участники конференции, Национального первенства по научной аналитике, European and Asian research analytics championship Открытого Европейско-Азиатского первенства по научной аналитике http://dx.doi.org/10.18007/gisap:ps.v0i9.1254 Aspects of cognitive and pragmatic of which is to identify individual items don’t have connotations (conditional trends of the text prevail in the without regard to their characteristics, intention in other words); they have domain of modern linguistics. An i.e. without establishment of the denotation, because they nominate an obligatory element of the fairy-tale correspondences between qualities of individual to differentiate him among discourse is proper names (the object subjects [7, p.175]. As S.M. Spivak others. The meaning of PN is known of our article) which have semantic, points out, PN are codes of background only to those whom the individual is communicative and cognitive charge. knowledge, specifi c types of compressed introduced to [8, p.69]. In the language According to the New Webster’s national and cultural texts, the semantic beyond the discourse PN don’t have the Dictionary defi nition, proper names memory of which keeps cultural denotative value [11, p.106]. Cognitive (PN) – are nouns or adjectives, naming and historical subjects written in the orientation of PN is in understanding a specifi c person and written with a contemporary social consciousness the act of nomination from the cognitive capital letter [1, p.1197]. PN have a [4, p.1]. Means of nomination and position and in fi nding answers to special status in the language and do images laid up in the basis of the name questions, which sets of concepts are not submit to certain laws which are are ethnically defi ned, despite the fact verbalized in a particular language and typical for common names [2, p.41]. that typical nature and anthropological why; what particular form of speech is Onomastics, as a part of lexicology, has universals in the imagery of the names herewith selected [10, p.71]. Speech and been distinguished as an independent are common. Names and nicknames in cognitive development have an impact science when scientists clearly realized colloquial language are associated with on each other, and the names, including the difference between PN and common the realities, traditions and the religion [8, PN, are the sources of knowledge about names [3, p.69]. Cognitive orientation p.15]. Culture and social life are always objects. Cognition and communication of PN, their orientation to the reader, refl ected in PN [8, p.22]. Extra-linguistic as the main functions of the language, author’s intention which are implicated factors have signifi cant effect on the equally determine its specifi city and in PN are the subject of the article. quality of the names and their place in the structure [10, p.325]. They should be Communicative and cognitive approach language, as linguistic signs identifying explored at their permanent agreement to PN and their functioning in the text an individual and having a strongly and interdependence. are relevant in today’s mainstream marked national and cultural component Often PN provide the addressee with linguistics (S.M. Spivak., S.A.Yarova, [9, p.148]. PN as a unit category, are used information and knowledge about the L.M. Lazarenko) [4, p.1], [4, p.231] to highlight, identify and characterize status and position, which the individual [6, p.217]. The purpose of this article certain reality and at the same time they has in the society. The social status of a is studying the background knowledge help to activate knowledge about it [10, person - is the position of a person in a related to PN in the English fairy-tale p.430]. PN perform nominative function, social system, rights and duties, and as a discourse and their cognitive orientation as well as the function of representation result - the mutual expectation of certain towards the reader. of individual fragments of the world and behaviour. Herewith the individual O.S. Akhmanova identifi es PN as its conceptualization. characteristics of a person occupy a words or phrases the specifi c purpose O. V. Superanska points out that PN secondary position. An indication of 9 the status of a person is often his name. meaning. Unlike CN, PN point at a single English literary discourse, clarifying Nationality, sex, age and marital status object, name it. An object that calls PN is conceptual basis of the compositional of the individual are encoded in the specifi c. Over time PN will be converted and semantic structure and the role of name. Even the right to have a name to CN, the tendency of transformation PN in its formation [4, p.3]. Notional may be the evidence of a social status. PN → CN will become up-to-date [8, fi lling of PN is determined by semantic If we investigate PN from the cognitive p.113]. analysis of descriptions and defi nitions position in a certain society we can gain PN formed from common names, which are contained in the culturological knowledge about general and specifi c can develop their derivational paradigm. dictionaries. model of behaviour of people speaking Derived from the PN words retain Proper names of the famous collection a common language and sharing a the seme of the name. Compare: Eng. by Clive Lewis “The Chronicles of system of appraisal norms of the society, present-day Shakespeare, Conan Narnia” cause the research interest, as and determine principles of social Doyle’s style; Ukr. сучасний Франко, a store of factual material for linguistic organization [12, p.5]. The expression of шевченківський стиль. These research, and especially for onomastics social status in PN can have both implicit derivatives enrich their semantics, [13, p.12]. Naming the character, PN (connotations, associations) and explicit indicate the typed characteristics of these becomes a thematic word. Due to its nature. individuals. inseparability from the character, the PN respond to social changes more The emergence of new connotations name is perceived in the associative than common names. In PN, regardless becomes possible due to infl uence of complex with it; it gets the right not of the will of those who give the name, extra-linguistic factors. For example, only to indicate the denoted object, the culture and social life are always when the denotation of PN is known to but also serves as its characterological refl ected. Fulfi lling a number of social members of a certain society. In this case, representative. Yhat is to say when PN functions, PN live and develop under the name returns to the paradigm of CN are in the context, they can take any the laws of language, while the reasons [8, p.117]. Appealing to PN in fi ction is content. Meaningful saturation of PN that stimulate the development of presented in so-called expressive names. occurs gradually [8, p.110]. It includes nominal systems are social in origin, These names are identical in their shapes all the skills of the character given to him i.e. are beyond the linguistics [8, p.26]. to common names that denote the most by the author. Even the form of the name - a structural peculiar features of a character. The name Characters of the series of fantastic component of onomastics – in some way of the character is an important factor in tales (“The Chronicles of Narnia”) is conditioned by social factors. the creation of the work. It updates the possess extraordinary powers, There are four main ways of PN author’s pragmatic orientation of the text capabilities and creativity which help origin: transformation from common on the reader’s complicity. The main them to overcome all the trials on the way names in PN (onimisation), borrowing aim of the function of appealing to PN to the goal. According to the thematic of foreign PN, transition of PN from is excitation of images and emotions basis we can divide tales into magical, one level to another (transonimisation) caused by the values contained in the domestic and animalistic [14, p.2]. and the artifi cial creation of occasional associative and semantic fi eld of PN. Fantastic tales originally had a magical names [8, p.473]. Affectability of PN, in turn, activates the purpose, which over time has been Unlike PN, common names relate process of its understanding [4, p.14]. lost. In modern fi ction tales mythical an object to its class, have basic and Thus the contact between an author and a fantastic and heroic principles are additional connotations. The proper reader is created, ensuring the success of combined [15, p.322]. One of the main names are associated with an individual creative communication. functions of fairy tales is cognitive, that object or multiple objects of the In the literary work the name plays an is accumulated in PN of characters of a same name, each of which is taken important role as a landmark in time and tale which transfer cognitive information individually. PN mean a separate subject, space. In the language of fi ction a former and carry the knowledge about national not associated with the concept, but they common meaning of the name can have peculiarities of a certain ethnos and the can have other connotations. If a side characterological application; name and way of their life, work, mode of life, connotation develops into a major one, surname of the character may be a part of natural environment, individual features PN become common names. PN are its characteristics. The simplest example of narrator and characters. always specifi c. If concreteness of an is expressive names and surnames [8, Conf.: And in those days there lived object is not available, the tendency of p.32]. The names of literary characters in London a girl called Polly Plummer. PN transformation into common names we can divide into those that characterize Plummer ← Eng. plum – Ukr. ласий is observed [8, p.113]. These processes them explicitly and implicitly, and as a шматочок; вигідне замовлення ← between proper and common names conclusion we can say that a moment of слива [16]. The name of the main (CN) form a universal group of names in characteristics is more important than character of the tale, a little English girl, language systems. They occupy a central just a nomination in fi ction. who needs adventure and communication, place in the vector of common names Communicative and pragmatic contains a clear motivation, however, is (CN) - PN- CN. approach to the study of PN foresees quite typical for the British. Comp.:… for 1 2 CN and CN identify an object, the determination of functional and Digory was the sort of person who wants 1 2 actualize denotative or connotative pragmatic properties of PN in the to know everything, and when he grew up 10

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