GIs in Germany: The Social, Economic, Cultural and Political History of the American Military Presence PDF
Preview GIs in Germany: The Social, Economic, Cultural and Political History of the American Military Presence
GIsinGermany TheSocial,Economic,Cultural,andPoliticalHistoryofthe AmericanMilitaryPresence The fifteen essays in this volume offer a comprehensive look at the role of American military forces in Germany. The American military forces in the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II played an important role not just in the NATO military alliance but also in German–American relations as a whole. Around twenty-two million U.S.servicemenandtheirdependentshavebeenstationedinGermany since World War II, and their presence has contributed to one of the fewsuccessfulAmericanattemptsatdemocraticnationbuildinginthe twentieth century. In the social and cultural realm the GIs helped to Americanize Germany, and their own German experiences influenced theU.S.civilrightsmovementandsoldierradicalism.TheU.S.military presence also served as a bellwether for overall relations between the twocountries. ThomasW.Maulucci,Jr.,isassociateprofessorofhistoryatAmerican International College. He is the author of Adenauer’s Foreign Office: WestGermanDiplomacyintheShadowoftheThirdReich(2012). DetlefJunkerisseniordistinguishedprofessorofhistoryandfounding director of the Heidelberg Center for American Studies at Heidelberg University. He is the editor of the two-volume handbook The United StatesandGermanyintheEraoftheColdWar,1945–1990(2004). PublicationsoftheGermanHistoricalInstitute Editedby HartmutBerghoffwiththeassistanceofDavidLazar TheGermanHistoricalInstituteisacenterforadvancedstudyandresearchwhosepurpose istoprovideapermanentbasisforscholarlycooperationamonghistoriansfromtheFederal RepublicofGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Theinstituteconducts,promotes,andsupports researchintobothAmericanandGermanpolitical,social,economic,andculturalhistory; transatlanticmigration,especiallyinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies;andthehistory ofinternationalrelations,withspecialemphasisontherolesplayedbytheUnitedStates andGermany. RecentBooksintheSeries: AlisonEfford,GermanImmigrants,Race,andCitizenshipintheCivilWarEra LarsMaischak,GermanMerchantsintheNineteenth-CenturyAtlantic IngoKo¨hler,TheAryanizationofPrivateBanksintheThirdReich HartmutBerghoff,Ju¨rgenKocka,andDieterZiegler,editors,BusinessintheAgeof Extremes YairMintzker,TheDefortificationoftheGermanCity,1689–1866 Astrid M. Eckert, The Struggle for the Files: The Western Allies and the Return of GermanArchivesaftertheSecondWorldWar WinsonChu,TheGermanMinorityinInterwarPoland Christof Mauch and Kiran Klaus Patel,The UnitedStates and Germany during the TwentiethCentury MonicaBlack,DeathinBerlin:FromWeimartoDividedGermany JohnR.McNeillandCorinnaR.Unger,editors,EnvironmentalHistoriesoftheCold War RogerChickeringandStigFo¨rster,editors,WarinanAgeofRevolution,1775–1815 CathrynCarson,HeisenbergintheAtomicAge:ScienceandthePublicSphere Michaela Hoenicke Moore, Know Your Enemy: The American Debate on Nazism, 1933–1945 Matthias Schulz and Thomas A. Schwartz, editors, The Strained Alliance: U.S.- EuropeanRelationsfromNixontoCarter GIs in Germany The Social, Economic, Cultural, and Political History of the American Military Presence Edited by THOMAS W. MAULUCCI, JR. AmericanInternationalCollege DETLEF JUNKER HeidelbergUniversity german historical institute Washington,D.C. and 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521851336 (cid:2)C GermanHistoricalInstitute2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData GIsinGermany:thesocial,economic,cultural,andpoliticalhistoryoftheAmerican militarypresence.ThomasW.Maulucci,Jr.,DetlefJunker,eds. pagescm–(PublicationsoftheGermanHistoricalInstitute) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-85133-6(hardback) 1.UnitedStates–ArmedForces–Germany(West)–History. 2.UnitedStates. Army–Foreignservice–Germany(West)–History. 3.Americans–Germany(West) 4.Sociology,Military–Germany(West) 5.Sociology,Military–UnitedStates– History–20thcentury. 6.UnitedStates–Militaryrelations–Germany(West) 7.Germany(West)–Militaryrelations–UnitedStates. I.Maulucci, ThomasW.,editor. II.Junker,Detlef,editor. ua26.g3g47 2013 355.4ʹ90943–dc23 2013019721 isbn978-0-521-85133-6Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurls forexternalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnot guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Contributors pageix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 ThomasW.Maulucci,Jr. part one: strategy and politics 1 GuarantorsofPeaceandFreedom:TheU.S.Forcesin Germany,1945–1990 37 Hans-JoachimHarder 2 DeterrenceandDefense:TheStationingofU.S.Troopsin GermanyandtheImplementationofForwardStrategyin Europe,1950–1967 55 BrunoThoß 3 TheWarThatWasNeverFought:TheU.S.Army,the Bundeswehr,andtheNATOCentralFront 73 DennisShowalter 4 WhyTheyDidNotGoHome:TheGIsandtheBattleover TheirPresenceinthe1960sand1970s 96 HubertZimmermann part two: military communities 5 U.S.ArmyMilitaryCommunitiesinGermany 121 ThomasLeuerer 6 German–AmericanRelationsattheLocalLevel: Heidelberg,1948–1955 142 TheodorScharnholz vii viii Contents 7 AmericanMilitaryFamiliesinWestGermany:Social, Cultural,andForeignRelations,1946–1965 161 DonnaAlvah part three: tensions between neighbors 8 InsolentOccupiers,AggressiveProtectors:PolicingGI DelinquencyinEarly1950sWestGermany 189 GerhardFu¨rmetz 9 ProtectionfromtheProtector:Court-MartialCasesand theLawlessnessofOccupationinAmerican-Controlled Berlin,1945–1948 212 JenniferV.Evans part four: the german armed forces and the american model 10 TheGodfathersofInnereFu¨hrung?:TheAmerican MilitaryModelandtheCreationoftheBundeswehr 237 KlausNaumann 11 FromBefehlsausgabeto“Briefing”:TheAmericanization oftheLuftwaffe 252 WolfgangSchmidt part five: the 1970s and 1980s 12 “ArmyinAnguish”:TheU.S.Army,Europe,intheEarly 1970s 273 AlexanderVazansky 13 TheU.S.MilitaryandDissentersintheRanks:Germany, 1970–1975 296 HowardJ.DeNike 14 TheU.S.ArmedForcesandtheDevelopmentof Anti-NATOProtestsinWestGermany,1980–1989 311 AnniP.Baker 15 GIsunderSiege:TheGermanPeaceMovementConfronts theU.S.Military 330 LouMarin Appendix:PopulationStatisticsontheU.S.Militaryin Germany,1945–2000 347 DeweyA.Browder SelectBibliography 353 Index 359
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